• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.375-379
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• 2011

Control Banding (CB) strategies to prevent work-related illness and injury for 2.5 billion workers without access to health and safety professionals has grown exponentially this last decade. CB originates from the pharmaceutical industry to control active pharmaceutical ingredients without a complete toxicological basis and therefore no occupational exposure limits. CB applications have broadened into chemicals in general - including new emerging risks like nanomaterials and recently into ergonomics and injury prevention. CB is an action-oriented qualitative risk assessment strategy offering solutions and control measures to users through "toolkits". Chemical CB toolkits are user-friendly approaches used to achieve workplace controls in the absence of firm toxicological and quantitative exposure information. The model (technical) validation of these toolkits is well described, however firm operational analyses (implementation aspects) are lacking. Consequentially, it is often not known if toolkit use leads to successful interventions at individual workplaces. This might lead to virtual safe workplaces without knowing if workers are truly protected. Upcoming international strategies from the World Health Organization Collaborating Centers request assistance in developing and evaluating action-oriented procedures for workplace risk assessment and control. It is expected that to fulfill this strategy's goals, CB approaches will continue its important growth in protecting workers.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.12
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• pp.605-613
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• 2020

In unfrictionless markets, one measure of asset pricing is its height of friction. This study develops a three-factor model by loosening the assumptions about stocks without friction, without risk, and perfectly liquid. Friction is used as an indicator of transaction costs to be included in the model as a variable that will reduce individual profits. This approach is used to estimate return, beta and other variable for firms listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange (IDX). To test the efficacy of friction-adjusted three-factor model, we use intraday data from July 2016 to October 2018. The sample includes all listed firms; intraday data chosen purposively from regular market are sorted by capitalization, which represents each tick size from the biggest to smallest. We run 3,065,835 intraday data of asking price, bid price, and trading price to get proportional quoted half-spread and proportional effective half-spread. We find evidence of adjusted friction on the three-factor model. High/low trading friction will cause a significant/insignificant return difference before and after adjustment. The difference in average beta that reflects market risk is able to explain the existence of trading friction, while the difference between SMB and HML in all observation periods cannot explain returns and the existence of trading friction.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.52 no.12
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• pp.2836-2846
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• 2020

During severe nuclear power plant (NPP) accidents, a H₂/CO mixture can be generated in the reactor pressure vessel by core degradation and in the containment as well by molten corium-concrete interaction. In spite of its importance, a state-of-the-art methodology predicting H₂/CO combustion risk relies predominantly on empirical correlations. It is therefore necessary to develop a proper methodology for flammability evaluation of H₂/CO mixtures at ex-vessel phases characterized by three factors: CO concentration, high temperature, and diluents. The developed methodology adopted Le Chatelier's law and a calculated non-adiabatic flame temperature model. The methodology allows the consideration of the individual effect of the heat transfer characteristics of hydrogen and carbon monoxide on low flammability limit prediction. The accuracy of the developed model was verified using experimental data relevant to ex-vessel phase conditions. With the developed model, the prediction accuracy was improved substantially such that the maximum relative prediction error was approximately 25% while the existing methodology showed a 76% error. The developed methodology is expected to be applicable for flammability evaluation in chemical as well as NPP industries.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.187-198
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• 2024

Purpose: This study aimed to implement a child abuse prevention program and evaluate its effectiveness based on the Nursing Model of Resilience and Coping Skills Training Model for unmarried mothers during pregnancy and puerperium. Methods: This study had a prospective single-case, AB design with four repeated self-questionnaire measures and three observational measures. Seven unmarried mothers were provided with 10 sessions child abuse prevention program through individual visits from 32 to 34 weeks of pregnancy to six weeks after childbirth. The questionnaire was composed related to resilience, maternal stress, maternal attitude, parent-child interaction, child abuse potential. The observation was measured by video recording (total 16 times) the interaction of parent-child during feeding and analyzing it by three experts. Data were analyzed by Wilcoxon signed-rank test and Friedman's test. Results: Maternal attitude and parent-child interaction were statistically significantly improved after intervention compared to before intervention. However, maternal stress decreased after intervention compared to before intervention, but it was not statistically significant. Additionally, resilience and child abuse potential were not statistically significant. This program is partially effective in preventing child abuse by promoting parenting attitudes and parent-child interactions. Conclusion: This study focused on individual resilience and applied systematic intervention as coping skills training to prevent child abuse. This study is meaningful in that interventions were conducted through individual visits to unmarried mothers at high risk of child abuse, and the program was applied, including pregnancy and postpartum periods, to prevent child abuse early.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.14
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• pp.6099-6104
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• 2015

Background: Previous studies investigating the association between miR-34b/c rs4938723 polymorphism and cancer risk showed inconclusive. Here, we performed meta-analysis to investigate the association between miR- 34b/c rs4938723 polymorphism and digestive cancer risk. Materials and Methods: Literature database including PubMed, OVID, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) were searched for publications concerning the association between the miR-34b/c rs4938723 polymorphism and digestive cancer risk. Results: A total of 6 studies consisting of 3246 cases and 3568 controls were included in this meta-analysis. The combined analysis suggested the miR-34b/c rs4938723 polymorphism significantly reduced digestive cancer risk under allelic model, homogeneous co-dominant model and recessive model (C vs T: OR=0.88, 95%CI=0.82-0.95, p-value=0.001; CC vs TT: OR =0.67, 95%CI=0.57-0.80, p-value=0.000; CC vs TT/TC: OR=0.68, 95%CI=0.58-0.80, p-value=0.000). Q-test and I2 test revealed no significant heterogeneity in all genotype comparisons. The Begger's funnel plot and Egger's test did not show significant publication bias. Conclusions: The current evidence supports the conclusion that the miR-34b/c rs4938723 polymorphism decreases an individual's susceptibility to digestive cancers.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.85-101
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• 2022

Derivative-linked securities (DLS) is a type of derivatives that offer an agreed return when the underlying asset price moves within a specified range by the maturity date. The underlying assets of DLS are diverse such as interest rates, exchange rates, crude oil, or gold. A German 10-year bond rate-linked DLS and a USD-GBP CMS rate-linked DLS have recently become a social issue in Korea due to a huge loss to investors. In this regard, this paper accounts for the payoff structure of these products and evaluates their prices and fair coupon rates as well as risk measures such as Value-at-Risk (VaR) and Tail-Value-at-Risk (TVaR). We would like to examine how risky these products were and whether or not their coupon rates were appropriate. We use Hull-White Model as the stochastic model for the underlying assets and Monte Carlo (MC) methods to obtain numerical results. The no-arbitrage prices of the German 10-year bond rate-linked DLS and the USD-GBP CMS rate-linked DLS at the center of the social issue turned out to be 0.9662% and 0.9355% of the original investment, respectively. Considering that Korea government bond rate for 2018 is about 2%, these values are quite low. The fair coupon rates that make the prices of DLS equal to the original investment are computed as 4.76% for the German 10-year bond rate-linked DLS and 7% for the USD-GBP CMS rate-linked DLS. Their actual coupon rates were 1.4% and 3.5%. The 95% VaR and TVaR of the loss for German 10-year bond rate-linked DLS are 37.30% and 64.45%, and those of the loss for USD-GBP CMS rate-linked DLS are 73.98% and 87.43% of the initial investment. Summing up the numerical results obtained, we could see that the DLS products of our interest were indeed quite unfavorable to individual investors.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.304-313
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• 2012

Uncertainty increases as a result of environment change and change of individual decision-making in extreme weather. This study consider individual decision-making which has been not covered until now. The purpose of this study is making Agent-Based Model to predict it more accurate that how much change travel demand in heavy rain and heavy snow. Through this model, it can be utilized to forecast travel demand, changes in travel behavior and traffic patterns. It will be also possible to predict discomfort index and risk of accidents.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.8
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• pp.3763-3766
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• 2012

Background: Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) is a key enzyme in the metabolism of folate, and the role of the MTHFR C677T polymorphism in pancreatic carcinogenesis is still controversial. Methods: A literature search was performed using Pubmed and CNKI databases for published studies through May 2012. We performed a meta-analysis of all relevant case-control studies that examined the association between MTHFR C677T polymorphism and pancreatic cancer risk. Results: Finally, 9 individual case-control studies with a total of 1,299 pancreatic cancer cases and 2,473 controls were included into this meta-analysis. Results: This metaanalysis showed there was an obvious association between MTHFR C677T polymorphism and pancreatic cancer risk in East Asians (for allele model, OR = 1.67, 95%CI 1.11-2.51; For homozygote model, OR = 2.77, 95%CI 1.40-5.48; for recessive model, OR = 1.96, 95%CI 1.54-2.50; for dominant model, OR = 2.11, 95%CI 1.01-4.41). However, no significant association was found in Caucasians. Conclusions: The MTHFR C677T polymorphism is associated with pancreatic cancer risk, and a race-specific effect may exist in this association. More studies with a larger sample size are needed to further clarify this association.

• Informatization Policy
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.68-85
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• 2010

This study extends the privacy calculus model to investigate the role of information transparency in influencing individual decision making on information disclosure. The proposed model integrates perceived usefulness and ease of use as benefit-side factors and information privacy risk as a risk-side factor accompanying information disclosure, and theorizes the effects of information transparency on the factors. The research model was tested using data gathered from 163 respondents through an online survey method. Results suggest that users'perception of information transparency not only increases the perceived benefits from the online site but also mitigates the risk related with information disclosure, resulting in higher intention to provide personal information to the site. Further, we find that online firms may improve users' perception of information transparency by providing explanation on why particular personal information is required and how it will be used.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.1271-1281
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• 2015

Competing risk analysis is widely applied to analyze a failure time with more than two causes. This paper discusses the application of a competing risk model to a economic activity state of workers with occupational injuries. In particular, main interest is to estimate the distribution of restarting time two kinds of economic activities, (i) returning to original working place and (ii) finding a new job. In this paper, we applied a cumulative incidence function to evaluate their patterns under several individual factors and working place's factor. Furthermore, a subdistributional regression model is applied to estimate the effect of these factors on the returning time. According to result, worker with higher education, younger age and longer working period had a higher chance to return an original working place while one with more severe injuries and skilled laborer had longer returning time to an original working place.