• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.77-86
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• 2010

The study developed physical distribution channel choice models reflecting decision making of the firms and studied how choice decision factors influence selection of distribution channel. The distribution channel survey data in Korea was used to do empirical study. As a choice set, distribution channels were classified into two main choice channels: direct and indirect channels. In addition, indirect channels were classified into other three channels according to the type of intermediate point: distribution center, wholesale store, and agency. This study developed choice models by applying both binary and multinomial logit model with various set of factors. The results showed that the developed logit models seemingly reflect distribution channel choice behaviors. The hypothesis tests on how each factor influences choice of distribution channel were performed and discussed as well.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.20 no.8
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• pp.9-20
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• 2022

Purpose: Distribution competence plays a key role in supply chain management. A successful distribution system will bring high values and profit for company. Omni-channel is a modern type of distribution which is used by many companies to access customers more effectively. This research is about the influence of distribution competence on customer value creation, competitive advantage and business performance of retailers in omni-channel. Research design, data and methodology: Questionnaires were issued to 200 managers who have experiences in using an Omni-channel to provide consumer goods. PLS-SEM is used to check the relationship among these above factors in omni-channel in Vietnam context. Results: Distribution competence has positive direct effect on business performance. At the same time, it has positive indirect effect on business performance through the mediating role of customer value creation and competitive advantage. Moreover, the role of mediating variables make contribution to strengthen the relationship of distribution competence and business performance in omni-channel. Conclusions: Through distribution competence, retailers can get competitive advantage, create more values for customers and increase business performance in omni channel in Vietnam.

• Proceedings of the SAREK Conference
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• 2006.06a
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• pp.743-748
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• 2006

Ren et al. analyzed the performance of the indirect evaporative cooler according to the direction of the flow considering evaporation water flow and wetness. However the effect of NTU of each channel on the performance of the indirect evaporative cooler according to the direction of the flow was not analyzed exactly. In this study the effect of the direction of the flow on the Indirect evaporative cooling performance changing NTU of each channel are investigated theoretically. The cooling process of the indirect evaporative cooler by flow direction is modeled into a set of linear differential equations and solved to obtain the exact solutions to the temperatures of the hot fluid, the moist air, and evaporation water. Based on the exact solution in the case of different NTU of each channel, we study the change of the distribution of the temperature according to each flow direction and at the same time analyze the effect of the flow direction on the cooling performance.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.19-29
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• 2022

Purpose: Understanding the distribution channel is a foundational element of successful hotel revenue management. This study aims to assess hotel distribution network partnerships and develops a model that can be utilized to ensure hoteliers are not becoming increasingly reliant on a single channel, optimize their market exposure, and maximize their portion of the overall worth of the network. Research design, data and methodology: This study utilizes a grounded theory approach to form a theoretical model by analyzing and examining the current practice of hotel distribution management through interviews with 15 stakeholders in Indonesia, such as hoteliers, online travel agents, wholesalers, and connectivity managers. Results: Based on data analysis, we describe hotel distribution elements, revenue team, managed channels, and channel prioritization for a different type of hotel. Finally, we propose a distribution channel model that comprises hotel teams, customer types, indirect channels, and direct channels. Conclusions: The model contributes to the literature by exploring the options of distribution channels for various hotel types to support hotel revenue management practice. By utilizing our model, practitioners can have a complete picture regarding the strategic choice of the channel by considering their hotel capacity and market target.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.19 no.11
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• pp.27-36
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• 2021

Purpose: COVID-19, government regulation and social media have changed many aspects of life including consumption behavior. The influence of social media by spreading massive news about COVID-19 also have the impact toward emotions threat, perceived risk, and perceived value of consumption behavior in Bengkulu Province, Indonesia. This research aims to analyze the extent to which changes in the consumption behavior, mainly for purchasing of corona prevention products through indirect distribution channels. Research design, data and methodology: This research was descriptive quantitative using the IPA method with sample of people in Bengkulu Province. This study obtained 208 respondent data from questionnaires and tested the validity and reliability with corrected-item total correlation method. Results: The study found that COVID-19 pandemic and government regulation variable were in quadrant II, in quadrant III there were social media variable, emotions threat and perceived risk. Meanwhile, in quadrant IV there were perceived value variable. Conclusions: The findings indicated that COVID-19 and government regulation are the most variable that influence people to buy corona prevention product, meanwhile perceived value is the less influence variable. Therefore, government and marketers have to prepare strategic plan in order to raise people awareness to avoid corona by buying corona prevention product.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.47-58
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• 2018

Purpose - China has become the world's largest market of Korean culture goods. However the distribution and information channel from which Chinese consumers can access to Korean contents remains under-explored. This study aimed to investigate Chinese consumers' information accessing behavior. Research design, data, and methodology - We collected the sample of 800 customers who are exposed to Korean Wave in China. Regression analysis is used to confirm the relationships in the research model. Results - The results showed that official channels such as state owned sites still play a significant role, Chinese consumers prefer to use unofficial channels and the private SNS is the most popular one. It is also found that users with low interests in Korean contents prefer offline/indirect channels while people who are highly immersed into Korean culture and spend longer time on it tend to favor online/unofficial channels. The results confirms that there are some users' characteristics such as gender, age, income and experience of visiting Korea are relevant to explain their propensity to select distribution and information channels for Korean contents. Conclusions - The study enables managers to develop the more effective distribution channel strategies according to the different target consumer groups.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.11a
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• pp.127-130
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• 2009

The uniform gas distribution between anode channels of the indirect internal reforming type molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC) is crucial design parameter because of the electric performance and the durability problems. A three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis is performed to investigate flow characteristics in the anode channels and manifold under different pressure drop and channel temperature conditions. The combined meshes consists of hexadral meshes in the channels and polyhedral meshes in the manifold are adopted and chemical reactions inside the MCFC system are not included because of computational difficulties associated with the size and geometric complexity of the system. Results indicate that the uniformity in flow-rate is in the range of $\pm$ 0.048 % between the anode channels when the pressure drop of anode channel is about 150 Pa. A gas flow-rate uniformity decreases as the pressure drop of anode channels decreases and as the temperature difference between indirect internal reforming (IIR) channels and anode channels increases.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.29-47
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• 2013

Distribution channel decisions involve long-term commitments with other firms that are very difficult to change or replace. In particular, marketing channel decisions in emerging markets are much more complicated due to unfamiliar conditions and problems such as lack of market data and distribution systems. Therefore, when a company considers changing or introducing a marketing channel in an area, it is much more difficult to judge its effectiveness in an emerging market than in a developed market. In this study, we investigate the development process of a new direct marketing channel of Hongfu Fertilizer Company (hereafter Hongfu), a medium-sized Chinese fertilizer manufacturer, and propose an approach to test the feasibility of this new marketing channel in the Chinese rural market. We measure the effectiveness of Hongfu's new marketing channel from two perspectives: i) from customers' perspective through direct responses of farmers, which showed that a new channel can increase the convenience and lower the purchasing costs for the farmers, and ii) from the company's perspective, by calculating the incremental profit of the company using the expansion factor (T/Q) method, which suggested that the execution of Hongfu's strategy to expand a new marketing channel will result in an increase in profits. The results of this study contribute to the development of a methodology to test the feasibility of a new direct marketing channel in the emerging markets such as the Chinese rural market. Traditional and indirect distribution channels in emerging markets are generally not very efficient and difficult to change. Especially, in emerging markets, like the Chinese rural market, the methods of testing channel feasibility must be different from that of developed markets. Considering market situations, market experiments can be more effective then systematic market surveys in testing channel feasibility in emerging markets. This study implies that managers must learn to cope with a transition from the traditional marketing channels in emerging markets. With the development in farmers' understanding of marketing concept, the transition from traditional marketing channel is unavoidable for all firms. Farmers in China are generally very conservative, however, their buying behaviors are changing. Therefore, fertilizer companies should try to adjust in accordance with farmers' demand characteristics that the efforts to meet the economic needs of farmers with new marketing channels as well as trust building are critical in the near future.

• Journal of Distribution Research
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.141-159
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• 1999

The establishment of EDI system significantly transforms the relationship among channel members. This study investigates the relationship between buying and selling companies who use the EDI system. The results of this study are summarized as follows. First, the establishment of the EDI system has a positive effect on the task effectiveness, cost and competitiveness regardless of buying and selling companies. Second, the establishment of EDI system does not affects direct and indirect trust in both companies. Third, the effects of task effectiveness and cost are not related with the perceived or behavioral trust.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.18 no.8
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• pp.1136-1145
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• 1993

The channel capacities of various lading channels are calculated and compared with that of Gaussian noise channel to find out the decrements of channel capacity according to each fading environment. As a result, it is confirmed that the channel capacities in Rician and m-distribution fading channels approach to that of Gaussian noise channel as direct-to-indirect power ratio in Rician fading channel and fading index m in m-distribution fading channel increases respectively. And the difference between two channel capacities of Gaussian noise channel and each fading channel which is dependent on carrier-to-noise power ratio (CNR) is found. Also the improvement of channel capacity of Rayleigh fading channel by introducing two-branch diversities is obtained. For diversity reception, predetection maximal-ratio and postdetection selective combining techniques are adopted. The results show that the improvement of channel capacity by predetection maximal-ratio combining diversity is superior to the postdetection selective combining diversitiy regardless of correlation coefficient between two diversity branches in Raylelgh fading channel. The best improvement is achieved when two branches are noncorrelative in both two diversify techniques and as correlation coefficient of two diversity branches is smaller, the improvement of channel capacity is greater.