• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.183-202
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• 2005

This study performed intensive indicators based on a model of economics of education. Trends of childcare in Korea were obtained by producing values developed with statistical data. Results showed that such simple initial indicator values as numbers of children, institutions and teachers have improved. However, intensive indicator values that take demographic and economic conditions into consideration have not reached the same rate of progress as the initial indicator values. In other words, qualitative growth remains at an unsatisfactory level in comparison to quantitative growth and to qualitative growth in members of the Organization for Economics Cooperation and Development (OECD).Thus, financial investment by the government should be expanded in order to reach the desired level of high quality in daycare for children.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.21-35
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• 2022

Measuring the food safety has been focused only on the psychological consumers' recognition of food safety. The actual measurement tool should consist of the evidence-based statistical data to assess the level of national food safety in scientific perspectives. This paper described the development of a concept to measure the food safety of the food chain based on OECD PSR framework. This paper discusses the elaboration of a set of 8 food safety related data issued as statistical data, and which were same weighted. These food safety statistical data (FSDs) were derived as the basis of measuring the variation of food safety during 2013-2019. The values of the primary production indicator (PPI), the processing and manufacturing indicator (PMI), and the distribution and consumption indicator (DCI) are 0.558-0.859, 0.533-0.691, and 0.979-0.982, respectively. The food safety status (FSS) derived from the safety indicator values of each of the three stages is 0.700-0.810. In order to increase the level of food safety, it is necessary to pay attention to PMI and PPI management. In the future, continuously calculating the level of food safety, managing it like the level of psychological safety, and further expanding it to the level of food safety between countries will help establish policies to improve the level of food safety in Korea.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.493-498
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• 1997

The purpose of this study is to develop geostatistical model for evaluating the abundance of deep-sea manganese nodule. The abundance data used in this study were obtained from the KODOS (Korea Deep Ocean Study) area. The variation of nodule abundance was very high within short distance, while sampling methods was very limited. As the distribution of nodule abundance showed non-gaussian, indicator simulation method was used instead of conditional simulation method and/or ordinary kriging. The abundance data were encoded into a series of indicators with 6 cutoff values. They were used to estimate the conditional probability distribution function (cpdf) of the nodule abundance at any unsampled location. The standardized indicator variogram models were obtained according to variogram analysis. This SIS method had the advantage over other traditional techniques such as the turning bands method and ordinary kriging. The estimating values by indicator conditional simulation near high abundance area were more detailed than by ordinary kriging and indicator kriging. They also showed better spatial characteristics of distribution of nodule abundance.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.189-196
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• 1996

Based on microbiological-chemical test results under simulated time-temperature conditions, total plate count, coliform, and volatile basic nitrogen were selected as effective quality indicators for estimating probable shelf-life on Kim Pab dosirak marketed in convenience stores, and shelf-life at each storage temperature was calculated from regression equation between effective quality indicator standard limit and storage time. Estimated shelf lives of Kim Pab Dosirak were 17, 3 and 2 hours respectively under 1$0^{\circ}C$, 2$0^{\circ}C$ and 3$0^{\circ}C$. Because shelf-life was especially affected by intial values, regression analysis between initial effective quality indicator values and storage hours was performed for the estimation of probable shelf-life on Kim Pab during storage at 10, 20, or 3$0^{\circ}C$.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.41-43
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• 1976

The dissociation constant of phenol red indicator in mixed solvents was studied. Methanol and ethanol were employed as solvents and studied the changes of pK values of indicator according to the kind and concentration of organic solvent which is mixed into water solution. The effect of methanol solvent on pK is negligible at 40%, 60% and 80% mixing. While in the case of ethanol, the effect of above 40% mixing is not negligible.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.155-159
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• 2016

In this work, we have developed a test system to examine whether the charge indicator of the plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) works properly or not. In PHEV, the driver should charge the necessary electricity by plugging in manually and be able to know the charging status through the charge indicator conveniently located for the charging individual. Our system used the CAN bus to transmit the same commands from ECU to the indicator to test the proper operation of the indicator lights. It measured the electric current values during operation and analyzed to determine the quality of the indicators. The inspection items included the proper packaging, the electrical shorts, the LED lighting during charging, the LED lighting for charging failure, and the LED lighting when errors occur. We developed the system for the operators in the factory allowing them to approve the test results at the site. We developed the hardware, the control software, and the software to store the test results and the history of the products in the database. Serial numbers were given to the good quality products and the bar code labels were printed to trace the products afterwards. Through this work, we developed a system to inspect the electric parts in real time upon fabrication. We are planning to further improve our system to inspect the brightness of the indicator by adding the vision inspection in future.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.203-213
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• 2008

Benthic macro invertebrate communities were collected at six different sampling sites in the Musucheon stream in Korea from July 2006 to July 2007, and ecological exergy values were calculated based on five different functional feeding groups (collector-gatherer, collector-filterer, predator, scrapper, and shredder) of benthic macro invertebrates. Each sampling site was categorized to three stream types (perennial, intermittent and drought) based on the water flow condition. Exergy values were low at all study sites right after a heavy rain and relatively higher in the perennial stream type than in the intermittent or the drought stream type. Self-Organizing Map (SOM), unsupervised artificial neural network, was implemented to pattern spatial and temporal dynamics of ecological exergy of the study sites. SOM classified samples into four clusters. The classification reflected the effects of floods and droughts on benthic macroinvertebrate communities, and was mainly related with the stream types of the sampling sites. Exergy values of each functional feeding group also responded differently according to the different stream types. Finally, the results showed that exergy is an effective ecological indicator, and patterning changes of exergy using SOM is an effective way to evaluate target ecosystems.

• KIISE Transactions on Computing Practices
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• v.20 no.11
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• pp.579-585
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• 2014

A phoneme is the minimal unit of speech, and it plays a very important role in speech recognition. This paper proposes a novel method that can be used to recognize 'ㅅ', 'ㅈ', and 'ㅊ' among Korean phonemes. The proposed method is based on a volatility indicator and a turning point indicator that are calculated for each constituting block of the input speech signal. The volatility indicator is the sum of the differences between the values of each two samples adjacent in a block, and the turning point indicator is the number of extremal points at which the direction of the increment or decrement of the values of the sample are inverted in a block. A phoneme recognition algorithm combines the two indicators to finally determine the positions at which the three target phonemes mentioned above are recognized by utilizing optimized thresholds related with those indicators. The experimental results show that the proposed method can markedly reduce the error rate of the existing methods both in terms of the false reject rate and the false accept rate.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.152-164
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• 2019

In this study, a Benthic Macroinvertebrates Family Index (BMFI) was developed using 100 indicator groups (99 families including Chironomidae with 2 phena). Families were assigned a score between 1 and 10 depending on their sensitivity to organic pollution. The BMFI was composed of the sensitivity and relative abundance of the indicator taxa. Sensitivity values of each group were generally similar to Biological Monitoring Working Party (BMWP) scores or Walley, Hawkes, Paisley, Trigg (WHPT) scores of UK, Japanese BMWP scores, and the FBI tolerance values of North America. However, sensitivity values of some taxa were significantly different from those of foreign countries, which seemed to have resulted from discrepancy in species composition, difference of taxonomic classification system, or methodological difference for estimation of sensitivity. As an annual average level, BMFI showed significant correlation with concentration of 5-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) (correlation coefficient r = -0.80, n = 569 sites), total suspended solids (r = -0.68), and total phosphorus (r = -0.79). In addition, BMFI revealed strong correlation with Shannon-Weaver's species diversity (r = 0.85), Margalef's species richness (r = 0.85) and McNaughton's dominance (r = -0.84). Correlation between BMFI and water quality parameters or community indices such as species diversity did not show significant difference compared to that of species-level indices such as BMI (Benthic Macroinvertebrates Index). This means that BMFI is a more useful indicator in terms of easy identification of organisms. BMFI was used to assess the environmental status of 3,017 sites of Stream Ecosystem Survey conducted by the Korean Ministry of Environment between 2016 and 2018. As a result, about half of all sites appeared to be in good condition, and a quarter in poor condition.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.745-758
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• 2011

An Economic Sentiment Indicator(ESI) is a composite indicator of business survey indices(BSI) and consumer survey indices(CSI). The ESI designed to reflect economic agents' (this includes producers and consumers) overall perceptions of economic activity in a one-dimensional index. The European Commission has published an ESI since 1985. This paper demonstrates the construction of an ESI for the Korean economy. The BSI and CSI components (having a high correlation and a leading feature with respect to GDP) are selected to construct the ESI and they are aggregated using a weighted average and then scaled to have a long-term average of 100 and a standard deviation of 10. Thus values greater than 100 indicate an above-average economic sentiment and vice versa. The newly constructed Korean ESI that extends to January 2003 shows a good tracking performance of GDP and adequately reflects the overall perception of economic activity.