• 수면정신생리
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.74-81
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• 2018

목 적 : 한국 사회의 고령화와 동반되어 노인 인구의 불면증은 증가되는 추세이나 이로 인해 초래되는 개인 및 사회경제적 손실에 비해 적절한 치료를 받는 환자의 수는 많지 않다. 불면증 인지행동치료가 부작용을 최소화할 수 있는 일차적인 치료로서 추천되고 있으나, 시간 및 경제적 제약, 인지적인 자원이 필요한 부담으로 인해 치료에 대한 접근성이 제한된 실정이다. 불면증 단기 치료 프로그램은 이러한 부담을 최소화할 수 있는 대안이 될 수 있을 것이다. 본 연구의 목적은 지역사회 거주 노인을 대상으로 불면증 단기 치료 프로그램의 효과를 검증하는 것이다. 방 법 : 2016년 5월부터 2018년 1월까지 서울 소재 3개의 노인 종합복지관을 방문한 65세 이상의 불면증을 호소하는 노인들 47명을 대상으로 3주에 걸쳐 불면증 단기 치료 프로그램을 시행하였다. 프로그램의 전, 후의 수면의 질을 측정하는 피츠버그 수면의 질 지수(Pittsburgh sleep quality index, PSQI), 수면 위생 척도, 정서 관련 평가를 실시하였으며 치료 기간 중 매일 수면 일지를 작성하도록 지시하였다. 임상적 효과는 치료 전후의 총 수면 시간, 수면 잠재기, 수면 후 각성 시간 및 수면 효율로 평가하였다. 치료 전, 후의 변화를 비교하기 위해 비모수검정 방법인 윌콕슨 부호 순위 검증(Wilcoxon's signed-ranks test)을 이용하여 분석을 시행하였다. 결 과 : 불면증 단기 치료 프로그램을 시행한 뒤, 치료 전보다 대상자들의 PSQI 총점이 감소하였으며 PSQI 로 측정한 주관적 수면의 질이 유의하게 호전되었다. 치료 전후에 시행한 수면 일지를 비교한 결과에서도 개운함 및 수면 후 각성 시간에 대해서 유의한 수준의 호전을 보였다. 결 론 : 개발된 불면증 단기 치료 프로그램은 지역 사회 노인의 불면증에 대해 긍정적인 치료 효과를 보이는 것으로 나타났다 기존의 불면증 인지행동치료에 비해 시간적, 인지적 자원 부담이 적음을 고려하였을 때 불면증 단기 치료 프로그램은 지역 사회 내에서 노인 불면증 치료에 대한 접근성을 확대하는 데 사용할 수 있을 것이다.

• 대한정형외과학회지
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• 제56권6호
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• pp.512-518
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• 2021

목적: 경추 추간공 협착증에서 전방경유 경추 추간판 절제술 및 유합술과 추간공 절제술 후 추간공의 크기 변화 및 임상 결과를 비교하여 그 효용성에 대하여 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 2018년 1월부터 2019년 3월까지 전방경유 경추 추간판 절제술 및 유합술 및 추간공 절제술을 시행한 186명 중에서 나이, 성별, 체질량지수 등을 고려한 환자-대조군 연구를 통해 선별된 102예를 대상으로 하여 후향적으로 분석하였다. 술 전 및 술후 5일째 자기공명영상을 촬영하여 전방경유 경추 추간판 절제술 및 유합술을 시행 받은 군(A군-51명)과 추간공 절제술을 시행 받은 군(B군-51명) 사이의 추간공의 크기 변화 및 임상 결과를 비교하였다. 결과: 술 후 A군에서 추간공 수직 직경의 변화는 평균 1.7 mm, B군에서는 평균 1.2 mm로 증가하였으며 A군에서 0.5 mm 높게 나타났다(p=0.042). 추간공 횡단 직경의 변화는 A군에서 평균 1.2 mm, B군에서는 1.8 mm로 B군에서 0.6 mm 넓게 나타났다(p=0.021). Neck disability index (NDI), Japanese orthopaedic association (JOA) score 모두 양 군에서 호전되는 결과를 보였으며 A군에서 더 높은 호전을 보였지만 통계학적으로 유의하지는 않았다(각각 p=0.356, p=0.607). 결론: 미세현미경과 내시경을 이용한 추간공 절제술은 전방경유 경추 추간판 절제술 및 유합술에 필적하는 임상적 결과를 보였고, 수술 후 경부의 통증 및 불편감을 줄이면서 인접분절의 퇴행변화를 줄일 수 있기 때문에 경추의 추간공 협착증 환자에서 유용한 치료 방법 중 하나로 판단된다.

• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.101-106
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• 2019

Background and Objectives Reinke's edema is a benign vocal fold disease caused by an edematous laryngeal superficial layer of lamina propria. The first line treatment is cessation of smoking and laryngeal microsurgery. The aim of the study is to evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of percutaneous steroid injection via cricothyroid membrane in patients with Reinke's edema. Materials and Method From Jan 2010 to July 2018, 33 Patients with Reinke's edema managed by vocal fold steroid injection via the cricothyroid membrane were included in this study. We compared medical records of laryngoscopy, stroboscopy and Multi-Dimensional Voice Program analysis at pre-treatment and post-treatment. Subjective voice improvement was evaluated using Voice Handicap Index-30 (VHI-30). Results 75.7% of the patients showed partial response and 6.06% showed complete response. 93.94% were present smokers and only 4 patients ceased smoking after the treatment. In acoustic analysis, the pre-treatment mean value of jitter, shimmer, and noise to harmonic ratio was 2.30±3.21, 9.34±10.37, 1.11±2.90 each. The post-treatment value was 2.20±1.89, 6.96±5.30, 0.20±0.09 respectively and none of the parameters were statistically significant. For subjective symptom improvement, 25 (75.8%) patients showed a better score on post-treatment VHI-30 compared to pre-treatment. Conclusion According to our study, steroid injection is a relatively safe and effective procedure for patients with Reinke's edema. A vocal fold steroid injection via the cricothyroid membrane can be an alternative treatment option for those who are not able to undergo conventional laryngeal microscopic surgery, however cessation of smoking is necessary for effective treatment.

• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.25-29
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• 2016

Background and Objectives : The clinical reports for the treatment of vocal fold scar and sulcus vocalis are limited, also there is no best one for the treatment of them. This study is to evaluate the effect of Injection laryngoplasty (IL) for the treatment of vocal fold scar and sulcus vocalis. Materials and Methods : from January 2013 to May 2015, the Nineteen patients who were diagnosed as vocal fold scar, sulcus and atrophy, and underwent IL, were engaged in this study. Clinical information and voice parameters were analyzed by retrospective chart review. Pre and post voice parameters were compared. Results : Subgroups of diagnosis were classified into sulcus vocalis for 12 patients, vocal fold scar for 5, and atrophy for 2. IL was performed under local anesthesia through cricothyroid membrane except one patient. Atesense$^{(R)}$, Radiessess$^{(R)}$, and Rofilan$^{(R)}$ were used as injected materials in 9, 9, and 1 patients respectively. Maximal phonation time (p=0.0124), dynamic range (p=0.0028), pitch range (p=0.0141), voice handicap index (p=0.028), glottal closure (p=0.0229), and mucosal wave (p=0.0132) had significant improvement for post-IL voice assessment than Pre-IL. While GRBAS, Mean flow rate, Jitter, Shimmer, Harmony to Noise ratio didn't have improvement. Conclusion : IL is a feasible option for the treatment of glottis incompetence with normally mobile vocal folds such as sulcus vocalis and vocal fold scar.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.487-501
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• 2020

이 연구에서는 고해상도 위성영상을 이용하여 지표면 온도를 산출하는 기존의 여러가지 방법 이외에 보다 새로운 접근으로, 인공지능 기반의 심층신경망 기법을 148장의 Landsat 8 영상에 적용하여 우리나라 지표면온도를 산출하고 그 적합성을 평가하였다. Landsat 8 열적외 10번 밴드(약 11 ㎛ 파장대)의 밝기온도와 방출률은 물리방정식에 경험상수가 결합하여 도출된 값이기 때문에, 지역적 기상, 기후, 지형, 식생 등의 조건에 따른 불확실성을 내포하고 있다. 이를 보완하기 위하여 본 연구에서는 밝기온도와 방출률로부터 지표면온도 초기추정치 T₀를 산출하고 이와 함께, NDVI, 토지피복, 지형요소(고도, 경사, 향, 거칠기) 등을 입력변수로 하는 계절별 심층신경망 모델을 최적화하여 지표면온도를 산출하였다. 이는 ASOS(Automated Synoptic Observing System)와의 선형관계식으로 편의보정을 수행하는 기존 방법에 비해 진보된 기법이다. ASOS 관측치와 시공간적으로 일치되는 1,728건의 자료를 비교한 결과, 계절별로 차이가 있기는 하지만 특히 봄, 가을에는 상당히 좋은 결과를 보였으며(CC=0.910~0.917, RMSE=3.245~3.365℃), 또한 토지피복 유형에 상관없이 안정적인 산출이 이루어짐을 확인하였다. 향후 Landsat 5/7/8 자료의 장기시계열 빅데이터와 함께 추가적인 지표면변수를 활용하여 모델링 을 수행함으로써 기후변화 및 특이기상 하에서도 보다 신뢰도 높은 고해상도 지표면온도 산출이 필요할 것이다.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.415-423
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• 2004

An experiment was conducted to investigate the differences of total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) excretion rates and feces production rates among the offsprings from cultured Japanese strain (JJ, mean BW; $17.1{\pm}0.1g$), intraspecific hybrid strain between cultured Japanese and selected Korean strain (JK, mean BW: $17.1{\pm}0.1g$) and selected Korean strain(KK, mean BW: $21.5{\pm}0.1g$) of red sea bream in order to compare their dietary protein utilization efficiency. Fish were hand-fed with a commercial diet containing 46.7% crude protein for 2 weeks, three times daily 09:00, 13:00 and 17:00. After daily feeding, the TAN excretion rates reached peaks of 49.03, 58.75 and 36.26mg/kg fish/hr for the JJ, JK and KK strain, respectively, during the daytime. The value of the KK strain was significantly lower than that of the JJ and JX shuin (P<0.05), however daily TAN excretion rates of the JJ, JK and KK strain were not different (P>0.05). When fish were fed at satiation after 4 days of starvation, TAN excretion rates reached the maximum values 4 hours after the feeding fur the KK (31.23 mg/kg fish/hr) and 6 hours after the feeding fur the JJ (44.19 mg/tg fish/hr) and JK strain (41.70 mg/kg fish/hr). After 3 days of starvation, the daily endogenous TAU excretion rates (ETE) for the JJ, JK. and KK strain were 286.91, 215.66 and 179.29mg/kg fish/day, respectively. The value of the KK strain was lower than that of the JJ and JK strain (P<0.05). The total feces production rates of the JJ, JK and KK strain were not significantly different, however the proportions of feces production rates by time for the JJ, JK and KK strain were different (P<0.05). As overall results, efficiency of dietary protein utilization of JJ, JK and KK seems to be different and KK strain could offer a desirable option for aquaculture purpose.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제47권6호
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• pp.583-589
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• 2020

Background Reduction mammoplasty or mastopexy is performed as an additional balancing procedure in patients with large or ptotic breasts who undergo breast-conserving surgery (BCS). Radiation therapy on breasts that have undergone surgery may result in changes in the volume. This study presents a comparative analysis of patients who received post-BCS balancing procedures to determine whether volume changes were larger in breasts that received radiation therapy than on the contralateral side. Methods Thirty-six participants were selected among patients who received BCS using the inverted-T scar technique between September 2012 and July 2017, were followed up for 2 or more years, and had pre-radiation therapy computed tomography images and post-radiation therapy images taken between 12 and 18 months after completion. The average age of the participants was 53.5 years, their average body mass index was 26.62 kg/㎡. Results The pre- and post-radiation therapy volumes of the breasts receiving BCS were 666.08±147.48 mL and 649.33±130.35 mL, respectively. In the contralateral breasts, the volume before radiation therapy was 637.69±145.72 mL, which decreased to 628.14±166.41 mL after therapy. The volume ratio of the affected to the contralateral breasts was 1.05±0.10 before radiation therapy and 1.06±0.12 after radiation therapy. Conclusions The ratio of the volume between the two breasts immediately after surgery and at roughly 18 months postoperatively was not significantly different (P=0.98). For these reasons, we recommend a simultaneous single-stage balancing procedure as a reasonable option for patients who require radiation therapy after BCS without concerns regarding volume change.

• 수면정신생리
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.118-123
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• 2017

일반적으로 폐쇄성 수면 무호흡이 중추성 수면 무호흡보다 발생 비율이 높지만 심부전 환자에서는 체인-스토크스 호흡이 동반된 중추성 수면 무호흡이 흔하며, 실제로 심부전 환자에서 25~40%까지 중추성 수면 무호흡이 발생한다고 한다. 저자들은 호흡곤란으로 내원하여 심부전으로 진단된 환자가 관상동맥 중재술을 시행하고 난 이후 추적 시행한 심초음파 결과에 비해 주관적인 호흡곤란이 해결되지 않은 경우, 의료진의 자세한 병력 청취를 통해 환자가 평소 코골이와 수면 무호흡이 심하다는 소견을 바탕으로 조기에 수면 다원검사를 시행했다. 환자는 체인-스토크스 호흡을 동반한 중추성 수면 무호흡으로 진단 되어 지속적 상기도 양압술을 적용 후 호흡곤란 및 주간 졸림증이 호전 되었다. 심부전 환자에서 중추성 수면 무호흡이 동반된 경우, 피로감, 주간 졸림증 등과 같은 수면 무호흡의 일반적인 증상이 심부전 자체로 인한 증상으로 오인되어 중추성 수면 무호흡의 진단이 늦어 질 수 있으며, 이 경우 환자의 예후에 나쁜 영향을 끼칠 수 있다. 본 증례의 경우와 같이 심부전 환자의 치료 시 수면 무호흡을 의심할 만한 증상이 있는 경우 중추성 수면 무호흡의 동반 가능성을 염두해 두고 수면다원검사를 통해 중추성 수면 무호흡을 조기에 진단하는 것이 증상 호전 및 예후에 긍정적인 영향을 끼치는 것을 경험하였기에 보고하는 바이다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권7호
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• pp.3465-3468
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• 2016

Background: Fluorodeoxyglucose ($^{18}FDG$) PET/CT imaging has become an important component of the management paradigm in oncology. However, the significant imparted radiation exposure is a matter of growing concern especially in younger populations who have better odds of survival. The aim of this study was to estimate the effective dose received by patients having whole body $^{18}F$-FDG PET/CT scanning as per recent dose reducing guidelines at a tertiary care hospital. Materials and Methods: This prospective study covered 63 patients with different cancers who were referred for PET/CT study for various indications. Patients were prepared as per departmental protocol and 18FDG was injected at 3 MBq/Kg and a low dose, non-enhanced CT protocol (LD-NECT) was used. Diagnostic CT studies of specific regions were subsequently performed if required. Effective dose imparted by 18FDG (internal exposure) was calculated by using multiplying injected dose in MBq with coefficient $1.9{\times}10^{-2}mSv/MBq$ according to ICRP publication 106. Effective dose imparted by CT was calculated by multiplying DLP (mGy.cm) with ICRP conversion coefficient "k" 0.015 [mSv / (mG. cm)]. Results: Mean age of patients was $49{\pm}18$ years with a male to female ratio of 35:28 (56%:44%). Median dose of 18FDG given was 194 MBq (range: 139-293). Median CTDIvol was 3.25 (2.4-6.2) and median DLP was 334.95 (246.70 - 576.70). Estimated median effective dose imparted by $^{18}FDG$ was 3.69 mSv (range: 2.85-5.57). Similarly the estimated median effective dose by low dose (non-diagnostic) CT examination was 4.93 mSv (range: 2.14 -10.49). Median total effective dose by whole body 18FDG PET plus low dose non-diagnostic CT study was 8.85 mSv (range: 5.56-13.00). Conclusions: We conclude that the median effective dose from a whole body 18FDG PET/CT in our patients was significantly low. We suggest adhering to recently published dose reducing strategies, use of ToF scanner with CT dose reducing option to achieve the lower if not the lowest effective dose. This would certainly reduce the risk of second primary malignancy in younger patients with higher odds of cure from first primary cancer.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제43권5호
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• pp.221-226
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• 2008

Objective : The aim of the present study was to assess the safety and efficacy of the dynamic stabilization system in the treatment of degenerative spinal diseases. Methods : The study population included 20 consecutive patients (13 females, 7 males) with a mean age of $61{\pm}6.98$ years (range 46-70) who underwent decompression and dynamic stabilization with the Dynesys system between January 2005 and August 2006. The diagnoses included spinal stenosis with degenerative spondylolisthesis (9/20, 45%), degenerative spinal stenosis (5/20, 25%), adjacent segmental disease after fusion (3/20, 15%), spinal stenosis with degenerative scoliosis (2/20, 10%) and recurrent intervertebral lumbar disc herniation (1/20, 5%). All of the patients completed the visual analogue scale (VAS) and the Korean version of the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI). The following radiologic parameters were measured in all patients : global lordotic angles and segmental lordotic angles (stabilized segments, above and below adjacent segments). The range of motion (ROM) was then calculated. Results : The mean follow-up period was $27.25{\pm}5.16$ months (range 16-35 months), and 19 patients (95%) were available for follow-up. One patient had to have the implant removed. There were 30 stabilized segments in 19 patients. Monosegmental stabilization was performed in 9 patients (47.3%), 9 patients (47.3%) underwent two segmental stabilizations and one patient (5.3%) underwent three segmental stabilizations. The most frequently treated segment was L4-5 (15/30, 50%), followed by L3-4 (12/30, 40%) and L5-S1 (3/30, 10%). The VAS decreased from $8.55{\pm}1.21$ to $2.20{\pm}1.70$ (p<0.001), and the patients' mean score on the Korean version of the ODI improved from $79.58%{\pm}15.93%$ to $22.17%{\pm}17.24%$ (p<0.001). No statistically significant changes were seen on the ROM at the stabilized segments (p=0.502) and adjacent segments (above segments, p=0.453, below segments, p=0.062). There were no patients with implant failure. Conclusion : The results of this study show that the Dynesys system could preserve the motion of stabilized segments and provide clinical improvement in patients with degenerative spinal stenosis with instability. Thus, dynamic stabilization systems with adequate decompression may be an alternative surgical option to conventional fusion in selected patients.