• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• v.18 no.1_2
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• pp.639-647
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• 2005

We count the number of maximal independent sets of binary trees and planted plane trees.

• Korean Journal of Mathematics
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.573-581
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• 2008

We obtain an improvement of strong laws of large numbers for independent fuzzy random variables.

• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.17-30
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• 2006

The wealth of Korean disability people's paradigm has developed by the meaning of whole rehabilitation of the small society for acception and protection. Today, that meaning has been changed to make and choose disability people's future plans by themselves. The CENTER FOR INDEPENDENT LIVING in Korea has been accepted through the American and Japanese's activity systems with no objection. Following result of the real reserching, because the CENTER FOR INDEPENDENT LIVING in Korea have no legal basement, so there are little support for these centers and no proper rules and check systems. Therefore, we have to make the legal basement of CENTER FOR INDEPENDENT LIVING and separate by each parts of system and to specialize about them. That means, each parts of system have to mark role mode for doing well, and each systems have to develop new programs and services, and to specialize for in Korea. To add, we should have more small CENTER FOR INDEPENDENT LIVING in each area, and the CENTER FOR INDEPENDENT LIVING which are already started should make network system to contact with other centers in society for giving support of proper information.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.437-445
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• 2011

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to analysis on diaphragm thickness and lung function of stroke patients by walking ability. Methods : We recruited thirty-five adults after stroke(20 male, 15 female) for our study. The subjects were divided into two groups; independent walking group(11 male, 9 female) and non-independent walking group(9 male, 6 female). Assessment of diaphragm thickness was performed using ultrasound in B-mode with a 7.5 MHz linea probe. During the experiment, the subject was seated in the chair. All subjects performed maximal expiratory flow maneuvers using a spirometer in order to determine the forced expiratory volume in 1 second ($FEV_1$), forced vital capacity(FVC), peak expiratory flow(PEF) and $FEV_1$/FVC. Chest expansion was measured with a tape-measure placed circumferentially around the chest wall at the xiphoid process. The collected data analyzed by independent t-test. Results : The diaphragm thickness were significant differences between the independent walking and nonindependent walking group. Values of forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume at one second, peak expiratory flow in pulmonary function tests were significant differences between the independent walking and non-independent walking group. However, chest expansion were not significant differences in both of the group. Conclusion : This study showed that walking ability of stroke patients have influenced on diaphragm thickness and pulmonary function.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.945-951
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• 2001

This study is conducted to investigate physical therapists' consciousness for independent establishment of their own physical therapy clinics, examining aspects of physical therapy rooms in medical institutions. Data were collected from 210 physical therapists working in Daegu and Kyungbuk regions from August 1, 1999 to August 31. 1999, The results were as follows; 1. As for general characteristics of the respondents. 56.3% was 'famele'; 60.4% 'twenties of age'; 56.1% 'working experience for blow 5 years'. 2. 75.3% of the respondents thinks that independent establishment of their own physical therapy clinics must be enacted without fail 50.1 % thinks that independent establishment of physical therapy clinic will be enacted within 5 to 10 years. 3. The important solutions in driving forward independent establishment of the clinic are accumulation of practice experience and introduction of new technology(31.3%), accumulation of practice experience and raising of academic career(19.0%), and accumulation of practice experience and legal action (14.0%). 10.9% believes that independent establishment will be achieved someday if they wait for it.

• Korean Journal of Comparative Education
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.171-197
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• 2017

China's independent college approved private education investment, and facilitates the use of funds to support individual investors, corporations, and society. In contrast to China's public universities, the college guarantee private school method of operation. Its bachelor's degree, admission to students, the establishment of a separate corporation, and the recognition of scholastic achievements, was established with the aim of ensuring the diversity of higher education institutions in China. However, since the early 1990s, the independent college, which has emerged as a new way of higher education in China, has achieved quantitative growth over the past 30 years, but the quality of education has not yet grown. The reason why the independent college in China is interested is that it receives support from the facilities and professors of the original public college, and the major in which it is established and shares the reputation of the university. This study tried to analyze the policy of independent college which is a unique higher education institution in China. For this purpose, we use Four-Dimensional Framework to analyze the problem of China's independent colleges. It examines the profitability and non-profitability of independent college as a normative dimension and analyzes the Chinese society that have the old "guanxi" culture core in China. On the structural dimension, we analyzed the structure of the relationship in educational administrative institution. On the constituentive dimension, we observed that the various stakeholders who are interested in the independent college policy. Finally, we searched for future directions of the independent college centered on the process of legalization of independent colleges in technical dimension. The results of this analysis suggest the implications of the direction of China's independent college policy.

• Aerospace Engineering and Technology
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.229-238
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• 2005

The main objective of this study is to develop RPC geometric correction module for the pre-processing systems of the satellite image. For this purpose, the Terrain-Independent Ⅰ, Terrain-Independent Ⅱ and Terrain-Dependent Ⅲ have been applied in tests with KOMPSAT-1 EOC and SPOT PAN images.

• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.431-445
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• 2015

Extensions of the Kolmogorov convergence criterion and the Marcinkiewicz-Zygmund inequalities from independent random variables to conditional independent ones are derived. As their applications, a conditional version of the Marcinkiewicz-Zygmund strong law of large numbers and a result on convergence in $L^p$ for conditionally independent and conditionally identically distributed random variables are established, respectively.

• Proceedings of the KSPS conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.185-188
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• 2003

In this paper, we construct phonetic GMM for text-independent speaker identification system. The basic idea is to combine of the advantages of baseline GMM and HMM. GMM is more proper for text-independent speaker identification system. In text-dependent system, HMM do work better. Phonetic GMM represents more sophistgate text-dependent speaker model based on text-independent speaker model. In speaker identification system, phonetic GMM using HMM-based speaker-independent phoneme recognition results in better performance than baseline GMM. In addition to the method, N-best recognition algorithm used to decrease the computation complexity and to be applicable to new speakers.

• Journal of the Chungcheong Mathematical Society
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 2009

Let {$X_n,\;n{\geq}1}$ be a sequence of independent identically distributed(i.i.d.) sequence of positive random variables with common absolutely continuous distribution function(cdf) F(x) and probability density function(pdf) f(x) and $E(X^2)<{\infty}$. The random variables $\frac{X_i{\cdot}X_j}{(\Sigma^n_{k=1}X_k)^{2}}$ and $\Sigma^n_{k=1}X_k$ are independent for $1{\leq}i if and only if {$X_n,\;n{\geq}1}$ have gamma distribution.