• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제13권7호
• /
• pp.3403-3408
• /
• 2012

The molecular mechanisms involved in the progression of clear cell renal cell carcinomas (ccRCCs) are still unclear. The aim of this study was to analyse the relationships between expression of RALYL and clinical characteristics. In 41 paired samples of ccRCCs and adjacent normal tissues, we used real-time qPCR to evaluate the expression of RALYL mRNA. RALYL protein levels were determined in 146 samples of ccRCC and 37 adjacent normal tissues by immunohistochemistry. Statistical analysis was used to explore the relationships between expression of RALYL and the clinical characteristics (gender, age, tumor size, T stage, N stage, M stage, survival times and survival outcome) in ccRCC. In addition, these patients were follow-up period 64 months (range: 4~116months) to investigate the influence on prognosis. We found significantly differences between ccRCC tissues and normal tissues (p<0.001, paired-sample t test) in mRNA levels of RALYL. Immunohistochemistry analyses in 146 ccRCC samples and 37 adjacent normal tissues showed significantly lower RALYL protein levels in ccRCC samples (${\chi}^2$-test, p<0.001), inversely correlating with tumour size (p=0.024), T stage (0.005), N stage (p<0.001) as well as M stage (p=0.019), but not age (p=0.357) and gender (p=0.348). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis demonstrated that people with lower level of RALYL expression had a poorer survival rate than those with a higher level of RALYL expression, significantly different by the log-rank test (p=0.011). Cox regression analysis indicated that RALYL expression (p=0.039), N stage (p=0.008) and distant metastasis (p<0.001) were independent prognosis factors for the overall survival of ccRCC patients. We demonstrated that the expression of RALYL was significantly low in ccRCC and correlated with a poor prognosis in a large number of clinical samples. Our findings showed that RALYL may be a potential therapeutic target as well as a poor prognostic factor.

• 감성과학
• /
• 제22권1호
• /
• pp.45-54
• /
• 2019

공감은 사회관계의 중요한 요소로, 소통 및 과제 수행의 효율을 증가시킨다. 타인과의 상호작용에서 공감하기 위해 상대방의 얼굴 표정, 말투, 움직임 등을 무의식적으로 모방을 한다. 이 때 생리 반응인 심장 반응도 동기화 되는 현상을 보인다. 따라서 본 연구는 두 사람 사이의 심장 리듬 동기화를 통해 공감의 유무를 객관적이고 정량적으로 인식하는 규칙을 정의하고자 한다. 피험자 74명은 두 명씩 그룹을 지어 공감을 유발하는 표정 모방 과제를 수행하며 심전도(electrocardiogram, ECG)를 측정하였다. 공감 유무에 따른 두 사람의 심장 리듬의 동기화를 확인하기 위해 심장 리듬 패턴(heart rhythm pattern, HRP)과 일관성(heart rhythm coherence, HRC) 신호에서 정량적으로 분석 가능한 지표들을 추출하였고 독립 표본 t검증을 통해 통계적 유의성을 확인하였다. 공감하는 경우 심장 리듬 패턴과 일관성에서 두 신호의 상관계수(correlation, r)가 공감하지 않는 경우보다 유의미하게 높았고, SDNN(the standard deviation of NN intervals) 차이와 우세한 피크의 주파수 차이는 유의미하게 낮은 형태를 보이며 동기화되었다. 공감도 규칙은 통계적으로 유의한 지표로 단계적 판별 분석을 수행하여 정의하였다. 본 연구에서 제안한 공감도 규칙을 직무, 인사 관리에 활용한다면 어떤 구성원들 사이에서 공감이 잘 일어나는지 정량적 판단이 가능해 효율적인 팀구성이 가능할 것이다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
• /
• 제13권11호
• /
• pp.5254-5260
• /
• 2012

본 연구의 목적은 특정 부위의 요부 추간판 탈출과 척추 주위 근 내 지방침윤과의 관계를 알아보기 위함이다. 아울러 환자의 체질량지수(BMI)와 성별에 따른 요부 주위 근의 지방 침윤율의 관계를 알아보고자 하였다. 2010년 5월부터 2012년 5월까지 내원한 환자를 대상으로 연구를 진행했다. 연구 대상자는 30~50세 사이의 중증 추간판 탈출증 환자로 수술적 요법을 시행할 또는 실시한 환자 남녀 40인으로 구성하였고, 측정 및 방법은 환자의 신체계측을 통해 BMI를 산출하였으며, L2-S1까지 디스크 중앙 횡단면에서 요부 주위 근의 단면적과 지방 침윤 면적을 측정하여 근육 내 지방의 침윤율을 계산하였다. 연구 분석은 지방침윤의 남녀 차이를 알아보기 위해 독립표본 T 검증을 시행하였고, 요추 레벨 간 지방침윤의 변화를 알아보기 위해 평균과 표준편차를 산출하여 대응표본 T 검증을 하였다. 또한, BMI와 요부 전체 지방 침윤율과의 상관관계를 알아보기 위해 나이를 제어변수로 한 상관분석을 시행하였다. 이러한 결과로 지방침윤의 남녀 차이는 상위요부(L2-L3)에서 유의한 차이가 있었을 뿐, 나머지 요부(L3-S1)에서는 유의한 차이가 없었으며, 요부 레벨 간 지방침윤율의 변화는 요추3, 4에서 요추4, 5번에서 많이 증가하였다. 또한, 요부(L2-S1)주위 근의 지방 침윤과 체질량지수와는 상관관계가 없음을 확인하였다.

• 대한간호학회지
• /
• 제24권1호
• /
• pp.18-32
• /
• 1994

It is important to understand that patients with hemiplegia are under stress during the rehabilitation process. This study was designed to determine what changes occur in the stress perceived by these patients during the rehabilitation process. and what changes occur in the ways they coped with stress. A decriptive study with a longitudinal design was conducted. A total of 57 patients with hemiplegia who were admitted to one general hospital made up the sample for this study. A questionnaire, observations and interviews were used for the data collection which was done in three phases(within one week after admission : within one week before discharge ; within one month after discharge ). Data were analyzed using t-test, ANOVA repeated measures of ANOVA, and post hoc paired t -test, Bonferroni correction. The results of this study are : 1. Changes in the perception of stress during the rehabilitation process : There was a statistically significant differencs in the perception of stress among these patients during the rehabilitation process. On the post-hoc test. the perception of stress showed a statistically significant decrease from admission to discharge. The perception of psychological stress was high during the rehabilitation process as compared with the perception of physical and social stress. 2. Changes in the way the patients coped during the rehabilitation process : On admission passive coping was used by most of the subjects(91.2％). Passive coping showed an decrease from admission to discharge, but an increase from discharge to follow-up at one month post discharge. There was, however, no statistically significant changes in the way the patients coped during the rehabilitation process. 3. Changes in perception of stress during the rehabilitation process according to variables. Perception of stress among patients classified as So-Um was higher during the rehabilitation process, when compared with patients classified as So- Yang and Tae-Um. There was, however, no statistically significant difference in perception of stress over time. The patients with right sided paralysis perceived higher stress than those with left sided paralysis. There was, however, no statistically significant difference in perception of stress over time. Hence, stress was not influenced by which side was paralyzed th frequency of the relapse of the disease, or the time in the rehabilitation process. 4. Changes in coping during the rehabilitation process according to variables. There was a statistically significant difference in the way the patients coped at follow- up according to the three different kinds of the constitution groups. In other words, coping was not used by patients classified as Tae-Um but was used by those classified as So-Um. On the repeated measures of ANOVA, there was a statstically significant difference in stress over time, and an interaction between constitution and time. But the way of coping during the rehabilitation process was not influenced by which side was paralyzed nor by the frequency of the relapse of the disease. In conclusion, perception of psychological stress was high during the rehabilitation process, as compared to perception of physical and social stress. There was a statistcally significant difference in the perception of stress over time, Perception of stress showed a gradual decrease from over admission to follow-up period. There was. however, no statistically significant difference in the way of coping over time. Passive coping was used by most of patients. In the study, these findings suggest a need for nursing care related to the psychological support for patients with hemiplegia both in the hospital as well as at home, and the need for education and counseling on independent self-care to help the hemiplegic patients adapt to stress using active coping.