• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.13 no.10
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• pp.812-816
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• 2000

It is very important to understand the correlation of between inter dielectric(ILD) CMP process and various facility factors supplied to equipment to equipment system. In this paper, the correlation between the various facility factors supplied to CMP equipment system and ILD-CMP process was studied. To prevent the partial over-polishing(edge hot-spot) generated in the wafer edge area during polishing, we analyze various facilities supplied at supply system. With facility shortage of D.I water(DIW) pressure, we introduced an adding purified $N_2$(P$N_2$)gas in polishing head cleaning station for increasing a cleaning effect. DIW pressure and P$N_2$gas factors were not related with removal rate, but edge hot-spot of patterned wafer had a serious relation. We estimated two factors (DIW pressure and P$N_2$gas) for the improvement of CMP process. Especially, we obtained a uniform planarity in patterned wafer and prohibited more than 90% wafer edge over-polishing. In this study, we acknowledged that facility factors supplied to equipment system played an important role in ILD-CMP process.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2015.05a
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• pp.121-122
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• 2015

The demand on free-form buildings is gradually increasing, but there are several problems such as increased cost and construction duration, and decreased constructability at the construction phase upon construction of a building owing to the difficulty of member production-installation. To solve these problems, a technology to produce FCP using a CNC machine was developed. Basically, it delivers the information on a free-form building designed to the CNC machine, the shapes of RTM and PCM are created using the information delivered and FCP are produced with the RTM and PCM which act as forms. Since the construction duration and project cost are limited on site, the efficiency of FCP production-installation is significant for application of the technology. For it is almost impossible to change the production-installation layout and process once they are set in the construction phase, they should be carefully determined. Before the production-installation layout are established, it is necessary to analyze the factors that influence the duration. Thus, the study intends to analyze influence factors in PCM mold on estimation of the production-installation duration for FCP. According to the analysis of influence factors, a simulation model for estimation of the duration that changes depending on the constraint conditions can be built.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.100-113
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• 2009

This research aims to examine the experiences of hospital dietitians' burnout and the factors of their burnout, such as demographic factors, unique characteristics of hospitals, their self-respect, and organizational factors. In order for this, a questionnaire survey was conducted with hospital dietitians working in general hospitals of over 400 beds in the Seoul Metropolitan area. The average point of self-respect of dietitians is 3.67 out of 5.00. Their experience of burnout turned out to be 3.17 out of 7, the extent of job satisfaction is high, that is 3.35 out of 5.00. The decrease of personal accomplishment is shown to be closely related to the burnout of dietitians. The emotional exhaustion in burnout at the significant level 0.001 is increasing as the annual gross salary is low, their age is young, extra-working hours are long, and is high to the dietitians serving meals and working at entrusted companies. The factors affected by burnout experience vary with individual circumstances. So, to prevent the emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced personal accomplishment, hospital dietitians' spiritual and physical health needs to be kept up by their self-development and investment.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.391-398
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• 2000

This study was performed to analyze the holding pace and decision factors of tractor in Korea and Japan, which probably should be used for making master plan of agricultural mechanization. The logistic function is used for holding pace estimation of tractor, and log-log function for analysis of decision factors. The results of this study are as follows: First, the increasing rate of the total amount of holding tractor power in Korea has been over that in Japan during 1980∼、94 which is now, however, under Japan. So, it could be forecasted that the per tractor holding power in Japan will increase continuously, and will be over 30PS in the short run. Second, the most important one of decision factors to support tractor demand is agricultural income in Korea, but on the other hand Non-Agricultural Income in Japan. From these, the fast increase of total amount of holding power of tractor in Korea could not expected, because Korea Agriculture has some difficulties to increase Agricultural Income. There are differences on the holding pace and decision factors of tractor between Korea and Japan, therefore, the plan of agricultural mechanization should be made in accordance with self-features.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.15-32
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• 2014

This study examines the relationship between tip amount and its possible antecedents: bill size, the Big Five personality types, meal type, food quality, atmosphere, service quality, consumer gender, server gender, customer hospitality experience, race, and alcohol consumption. A survey of southeastern undergraduate students was conducted to collect information about the customer, server and customer tipping habits. While the analysis suggests that service is an important factor, it shows that other factors affect tip amount. Furthermore, these factors affect tip amounts in many different ways. Some examples of these factors include bill size, alcohol consumption, gender dynamics, meal type, food quality, and personality type. The conclusion suggests the intuition behind these factors by providing a dissection of their meaning and their importance to servers, customers, and managers alike. Purpose: This study tests restaurant customer tipping habits and some personality traits that have received limited previous attention as predictors of tipping. Methods: This study is that the tip amount was self-reported, business students at a university in a large southeastern city of USA were asked to complete a tipping journal. Results: This study was able to replicate the service-tipping relationship. Moreover, this study reiterated that server friendliness is a very powerful tool to increasing tips. Conclusion: This study strongly indicate that service has a positive relationship with tip amount, and also produce a positive relationship with emotional stability and a negative relationship to conscientiousness.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.491-498
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• 2011

Purpose: Recently as couples have only one or two children, they concern about their children's optimal health. Furthermore, as the basic principles of Korean traditional prenatal education (Taegyo) are supported by scientific evidence, and as increasing numbers of pregnant women are recognizing Taegyo refresh, the practice of Taegyo is growing. The purpose of this study was to identify the factors associated with the practice of Taegyo among pregnant Korean women. Methods: This was a cross-sectional, survey study of 228 pregnant women recruited at a health center in South Korea using a convenience sampling method. The instruments included the perception of Taegyo scale, the spouse's support scale, the self-confidence for infant care scale, and the practice of Taegyo scale. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multiple regression analyses. Results: The results of the stepwise multiple regression analysis indicated that the following factors accounted for 26.5% of the variance in the practice of Taegyo: the perception of Taegyo, family income. Conclusion: Consequently, this result showed that the pregnant women were influenced by family income, spouses' support as requisite factors, and also they developed the level of self-confidence for infant care and the perception of Taegyo as self-care agency for the practice of Taegyo. The present study findings will add to the accumulated knowledge of health care professionals about the cultural factors involved in the practice of Taegyo and the traditional cultural beliefs and culture-specific health promoting behaviors of ethnic minority pregnant women to provide culturally competent care for them.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.11
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• pp.277-284
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• 2021

This study was conducted to determine the factors affecting employees' engagement in Information Technology (IT) enterprises in Vietnam. Quantitative method was used to test the research model. Research data is collected through a survey of 205 employees working in Ho Chi Minh City - Vietnam IT enterprises. The research results show that all seven factors affecting OC are ability, remuneration, training/development, challenging work, teamwork relationship, company policy, and culture, and work environment all make sense. In which, WOE, TER, REM factors are the three most influential factors, while company CPC, T&D, CHW, ABI have a lower impact. The proposed management implications include building, providing, ensuring a good working environment for employees, building/developing relationships within the company, having a policy of salary, bonus, support, and incentives. In addition, appropriate, competitive remuneration, adequate incentives, and rewards for the efforts that the employee has made, training and development of skills and soft skills suitable for each type of work, development orientations for employees, as well as frequent rotation of positions and jobs, in addition to improving employees' capacity, also avoid causing boredom and loss of motivation at work, thereby increasing OC of employees in IT enterprises in Vietnam.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.185-192
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• 2019

Coculture with adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) can stimulate proliferation and migration of melanocytes. To enhance outcomes of skin disorders caused by melanocyte loss or death, mixed transplantation with ADSCs has been suggested. However, role of cocultured ADSCs in proliferation and migration of melanocytes remains unclear. This study determined the effect of ADSCs on production of growth factors and expression levels of intergrins in primary culture of adult human melanocytes with or without ADSCs and in nude mice grafted with such melanocytes. Higher amounts of growth factors for melanocytes, such as bFGF and SCF were produced and released from ADSCs by coculturing with melanocytes. Relative levels of integrins ${\beta}1$, ${\alpha}5$, and ${\alpha}6$ as well as adhesion to fibronectin and laminin were increased in melanocytes cocultured with ADSCs. Such increases were inhibited by neutralization of bFGF or SCF. Relative levels of bFGF, SCF and integrins were increased in nude mice skin after grafting with melanocyte+ADSC cocultures. Collectively, these results indicate that ADSCs can stimulate proliferation and migration of melanocytes by increasing expression of integrins in melanocytes through upregulation of production/release of melanocyte growth factors such as bFGF and SCF.

• Journal of Information Science Theory and Practice
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.86-101
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• 2022

This research aimed at studying the factors that influence new media exposure of political news by youths in Isan society in Thailand. The target group comprised 1,200 individuals, obtained from multi-stage sampling from undergraduate students in Isan's autonomous universities, governmental universities, and private institutions. The data collection tool was a questionnaire, the content of which was validated by experts. The reliability of the tool was tested by the formula for Cronbach's alpha coefficient, which yielded a reliability of 0.83. Multiple regression analysis was applied to analyze the data. The results, regarding factors influencing the channels for political news exposure, showed that channels for political news exposure were mostly influenced by inner drives, followed by importance in political news exposure, influence from social networks, and specific characteristics of the Internet. This could explain the variation of channels for political news exposure at 46.5%. In terms of factors influencing political news selection, it was found that political news selection was influenced mostly from social networks, followed by inner drives, benefits from political news exposure, specific characteristics of the Internet, and the field of study. The variation of the political news selection could be explained at 44.6%. These results elaborate on the current situation in Thailand, especially in Isan region, where youths in higher education are playing an increasing role in demonstrating their political stance through various political activities.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2022.06a
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• pp.145-152
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• 2022

Recently, interest in the precast concrete (PC) construction method has been increasing. The PC construction process consists of i) design, ii) production, iii) transportation, and iv) installation. A PC field manager at the site submits a shipment request form to the factory one to three days before the installation of the PC component. Numerous matters should be considered in writing a shipment request form. Incorrect shipment request forms may cause standby resources, waste of resources, premature work conclusion, or excessive work. These issues can lead to an increase in construction costs, replanning of PC component installation, or rework. In order to prevent such problems, PC component installation should be simulated based on the shipment request form. Accordingly, this study aims to identify factors influencing the operability of shipment request forms for PC construction. To this end, this study derived factors influencing i) initiation of the activity, ii) addition or deletion of activities, and iii) an increase or decrease in the activity execution time. As a result, this study identified flow, the features of PC components, condition of PC components, unloading location, installation location, input equipment and labor, number of anchors, number of supports, weather, strike, and accident. Further studies should verify the factors derived in this study based on focus group interviews.