• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.562-571
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• 2014

In these days, many countries carry out many renewable energy policies to increase the renewable energy portion and to reduce the GHG(Green House Gas). In Korea, RPS(Renewable Portfolio Standards) focused on over 500MW power producers is conducting. And they are using the bio-fuel oil to meet their RPS quota. The oil is a mixture of animal and vegetable fat or fatty acid ester of them and should satisfy some specifications to use the power generation such as viscosity, pour point, acid number. Depends on the raw materials, quality characteristics of power bio-fuel oil are changed. By adding the power bio-fuel oil, pour point, density, sulfur content and viscosity are decreased and acid number, iodine number, oxygen content are increased. In this study, we test the quality characteristic of power bio-fuel oil and the property changes by the blending ratio of power bio-fuel oil & conventional fuel oil.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.93-98
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• 1976

The experiment was made to investigate concentrations of $CO_2\;and\;O_2$ in the removal of astringency of persimmon fruits and to study the changes of total, reducing sugar and hardness during the removal of astringency. 1. During the removal of astringency of persimmon fruits, channel of tannin content showed the rapid decrease in high concentration of $CO_2$ and the gradual decrease in low concentration of $CO_2$. 2. Concentration of oxygen did not show effect on the removal of astringency at high concentration of $CO_2$ but at low concentration of $CO_2$ in Chungdo-Bansi. 3. Optimal concentration of the removal of astringency was $60{\sim}70%,\;CO_2$ and $6{\sim}8%\;O_2$ in Chungdo-Bansi and Sagoksi 4. In changes of sugar content total sugar was decreased and reducing sugar was increased.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.549-557
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• 2005

Effects of Acanthopanax senticosus extract (AS) on blood sugar content and serum lipid profiles of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were investigated. Experimental groups were classified into four groups, that is, normal control (NC) group, diabetic mellitus (DM) group, AS-fed group and DMAS-fed group. The AS group showed lower feed efficiency than the NC group, but the efficiency of DMAS group was higher than DM group. DMAS group showed the decreased water intake and urine by $45.5\%$ and $23.7\%$ respectively, compared with DM group. Compared with DM group, DMAS group decreased blood sugar by $46.9\%$ and triglyceride by $17.8\%$, total cholesterol by $10.0\%$ and LDL cholesterol by $22.0\%$ in serum, but increased serum HDL cholesterol by $14.4\%$ The relative percentage of liver or kidney per body weight, and the serum ALT activity in DMAS group were lower than those of DM group. There were no significant differences in hepatic glutathione(GSH) contents and total xanthine oxidase(XOD) activities among experimental groups. The hepatic lipid peroxide(LPO) content in DMAS group decreased by $54.6\%$ compared with that in DM group. The XOD (O type) and the ratio of O type to total type of both STZ-treated groups (DM and DMAS) were higher than those of NC group, but less conversion of D to O type was observed in DMAS group than in DM group. There was no significant difference in GST activity between NC and AS, but STZ-treated groups showed lower glutathione S-transferase(GST) activity than NC. In conclusion, it seems that AS reduces blood sugar by inhibiting the activity of xanthine oxidase type O as an oxygen-free radical generating system which induces the tissue damage. Antidiabetic effect of AS may regulate diabetes-induced high lipid profiles in blood.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.30-37
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• 2005

To mass-produce useful biopolymer films, chitosan/gelatin blend films were prepared by solution casting method. Effects of mixing ratio, tensile strength (TS), elongation (E) at break, total color difference (${\Dalta}E$), opacity, water vapor permeability (WVP), oxygen permeability (OP), and thermal properties on chitosan/gelatin blend films properties were investigated. TS, E, ${\Dalta}E$, opacity, WVP, and OP values were 58.24-22.01 MPa, 13.11-24.67%, 1.86-17.45, 0.3104-1.2161 nmO.D./${\mu}m$, $1.6875-1.7225ng{\cdot}m/m^{2}{\cdot}s{\cdot}Pa$, and $2.2380{\times}10^{-7}-2.2975{\times}10^{-7}\;mL{\cdot}{\mu}m/m^{2}{\cdot}s{\cdot}Pa$, respectively. TS of blend films decreased, while E, ${\Dalta}E$, and opacity increased with increasing chitosan content. WVP of blend films did not show any significant relationship with mixing ratio and thickness of blend films. Miscibility of films was examined over entire composition range by thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) and dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA). TGA results showed gelatin is more thermally stable than chitosan and some interactions among functional groups of two biopolymers. Glass transition temperature $(T_{2})$ of films as determined by DMA decreased with increasing content of chitosan in the blend. Results of thermal analysis indicate high miscibility among polymer components in the blend.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.234-239
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• 1999

A Abstract Yttria-stabilized zirconia(YSZ) thin films were synthesized by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition process. $Zr[TMHD]_4$ $Y[TMHD]_3$ precursors and oxygen were used with the deposition temperature of $425^{\circ}C$ and rf power ranging 0-100 watt. Effects of the deposition parameters were studied by X-ray diffraction and thickness anal­ysis. YSZ thin films have cubic crystal structure with (200) orientation. From the results of EDX analysis, the converte ed content of TEX>$Y_2O_3$ was determined to be 0-36%, and the film thickness was increased with bubbling temperature which is considered to be due to increasing TEX>$Y_2O_3$ flux. The depth profiles of Zr, Y and 0 appeared relatively $\infty$nstant through film thickness. Columnar grains of $1000~2000\AA$ grew vertical to the substrate surface for the case of Ar carri­er gas. In case of He carrier gas, the grain size was observed to be about $1000~2000\AA$. X-ray diffraction data showed the increase of lattice constant with TEX>$Y_2O_3$ content. It was that the presence of the cracks formed during film deposition, partially released the stress generated by the increase of lattice constant.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.332-339
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• 2002

The pathogenesis of cholestatic liver injury as well as the modulation of hepatic fibrogenesis is causally associated with involvement of reactive oxygen species and free radical reactions. In this study, we investigated whether flavonoids (fustin, sulfuretin) which were isolated from Rhus verniciflua Stokes (RCS) have antioxidant and antihepatotoxicity effect under the biliary liver fibrosis condition. After surgery (control) and posttreated RCS methanol extract (250mg/kg), ethyl acetate extract (250mg/kg) and flavonoids were administered p.o. 10mg/kg/day in two weeks for control groups. The concentration of clinical parameters and product of hepatic lipid peroxidation and the hydroxyproline content were significantly increased in liver fibrosis developed rats. Among the clinical parameters of serum, value of ALT, AST, SDH, total bilirubin and ${\gamma}$ -GT in posttreated RCS components-group showed significantly lower than in control-group. The content of hydroxyproline in posttreated RCS components-group showed lower than in control group and then the value of MDA in posttreated RCS components-group was also significantly reduced to 40~60% of that in control group. The hepatic xanthine oxidase and aldehyde oxidate activities were posttreated RCS components-group showed significantly lower than in control-group. The hepatic SOD and glutathione peroxidase activities were posttreated RCS components-group showed significantly higher than in control-group. Hence we concluded that active components of fustin and sulfuretin which were isolated from R. verniciflua Stokes were hepatoprotective effect in experimental liver fibrosis.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.357-364
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• 1999

Modified atmosphere packaging(MAP) technology was applied to ‘Tsugaru’apple (Malus domestica Borkh) in order to extend the shelf-life of apples during distribution. ‘Tsugaru’apples were packed with the PE film of 40 $\mu\textrm{m}$ thickness(40LD), the PE film modified by the addition of 5% (w/w) zeolite (40CK), and the PE film bags containing the ethylene absorbent (40LP). Quality indices of ‘Tsugaru’apples during storage at 10$^{\circ}C$ were measured in terms of weight loss, soluble solids content, pH, titratable acidity, flesh firmness, peel color and sensory properties. Oxygen, carbon dioxide and ethylene concentration in the film bags changed rapidly at the early stage of storage. Weight loss of the control increased up to 3.0% after 60 days storage while those of the packed apples remained less than 0.6%. No significant differences in soluble solids content and titratable acidity could be found in all the treatments, but significant differences in pH between the control and the packed apples. Higher firmness was kept in 40LD and 40LD than other treatments during storage. Color of the peel changed rapidly in control but slowly in 40LD and 40LP. ‘Tsugaru’apples Packed with Packaging films showed a good visual and sensory quality. Results suggest that packaging treatment with LDPE of 40 $\mu\textrm{m}$ thickness and ethylene absorbent can be used for extending the shelf-life of ‘Tsugaru’apples during distribution.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.32 no.9
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• pp.1154-1167
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• 2022

In this study, we investigated the anti-amnesic effect of Korean red pine (Pinus densiflora) bark extract (KRPBE) against amyloid beta_1-42 (Aβ_1-42)-induced neurotoxicity. We found that treatment with KRPBE improved the behavioral function in Aβ-induced mice, and also boosted the antioxidant system in mice by decreasing malondialdehyde (MDA) content, increasing superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, and reducing glutathione (GSH) levels. In addition, KRPBE improved the cholinergic system by suppressing reduced acetylcholine (ACh) content while also activating acetylcholinesterase (AChE), regulating the expression of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), postsynaptic density protein-95 (PSD-95), and synaptophysin. KRPBE also showed an ameliorating effect on cerebral mitochondrial deficit by regulating reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and ATP levels. Moreover, KRPBE modulated the expression levels of neurotoxicity indicators Aβ and phosphorylated tau (p-tau) and inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, p-IκB-α, and IL-1β. Furthermore, we found that KRPBE improved the expression levels of neuronal apoptosis-related markers BAX and BCl-2 and increased the expression levels of BDNF and p-CREB. Therefore, this study suggests that KRPBE treatment has an anti-amnestic effect by modulating cholinergic system dysfunction and neuroinflammation in Aβ_1-42-induced cognitive impairment in mice.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 2009

Purpose: Oxidative stress was thought to play a critical role in neurodegenerative disease. Many in vivo and in vitro reports explained the possible pathway of human aging. But in therapeutic aspects, there was no clear answers to prevent aging associated with neural diseases. In this study, we investigated the antioxidant and neuroprotective effects of the Insamyangyung-tang (IYT). Methods: To estimate the antioxidant effects, we carried out 1.1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay, 2,2'-azinobis-(3- ethylbenzothiazoline-6- sulfonic acid (ABTS) radical cation decolorization assay, and measurement of total polyphenolic content. To evaluate neuroprotective effect of IYT in vitro. We performed thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, reactive oxygen species (ROS) creation in SH-SY5Y. Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunocytochemistry, nitric oxide (NO) assay, and TNF-${\alpha}$ assay in primary rat mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons. Results: The $IC_{50}$ values were $571.6{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ and $202.3{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ in DPPH and ABTS assay respectively. Total polyphenolic content was 1.05%. In SH-SY5Y culture, IYT significantly increased the decreased cell viability by 6-OHDA at the concentrations of $10{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ in pre-treatment group, $10-100{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ in post-treatment group, and $100{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ in co-treatment group. The production of ROS induced by 6-OHDA was significantly inhibited in IYT treated group. In mesencephalic dopaminergic cell culture, the IYT group reduced the dopaminergic cell loss against 6-OHDA toxicity and the production of No and TNF-${\alpha}$ at the concentration of $0.2{\mu}g/m{\ell}$. Conclusion: These results showed that IYT has antioxidant and neuroprotectctive effects in the dopaminergic cells through decreasing the production of ROS, NO and TNF-${\alpha}$ which can cause many neurodegenerative changes in brain cell.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.91-105
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• 2024

Plantago asiatica L. (P. asiatica) is a perennial plant belonging to the plantaginaceae and is useful in treating a various diseases such as wounds, bronchitis, and chronic constipation. The bioactive effects of P. asiatica extract was evaluated to determine its potential for use as a variety materials in the food, pharmaceutical, and agricultural industries. Polyphenol and flavonoid contents, free radical scavenging, reducing power activity, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) expression were measured to identify the antioxidative activity. Anti-inflammatory effects were evaluated via analysis of nitric oxide (NO) and pro-inflammatory protein expression in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cell. As a result of measuring the antioxidant activities of the P. asiatica extract, the total polyphenol content was 50.91±0.78 mg gallic acid equivalents/g and the flavonoid content was 100.99±0.44 mg rutin equivalents/g, and both DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities and reducing power increased depending on the concentration. Also, intracellular ROS production was inhibited by the P. asiatica extract. No cytotoxicity was observed when P. asiatica extract was treated, and NO and inflammatory protein expression were inhibited, and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) phosphorylation was also inhibited in a concentration-dependent manner. In conclusion, P. asiatica is a functional natural resources of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents that can be used in various industries, including food and agriculture.