• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.137-144
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• 2005

In $I{\times}J$ incomplete contingency tables, the test of independence proposed by Chen and Fienberg(1974) uses $I{\times}J-1$ instead of (I-1)(J-1) degrees of freedom without providing much of an increase in the value of the test statistic. For these reasons, Chen and Fienberg tests are expected to have less power. New Wald test statistic related to the part of Chen and Fienberg test statistic is proposed using delta method. These two tests are compared through Monte Carlo studies.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.1547-1555
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• 2015

We study the problem of nonignorable nonresponse in a two-way contingency table and there may be one or two missing categories. We describe a nonignorable nonresponse model for the analysis of two-way categorical table. One approach to analyze these data is to construct several tables (one complete and the others incomplete). There are nonidentifiable parameters in incomplete tables. We describe a hierarchical Bayesian model to analyze two-way categorical data. We use a nonignorable nonresponse model with Bayesian uncertainty analysis by placing priors in nonidentifiable parameters instead of a sensitivity analysis for nonidentifiable parameters. To reduce the effects of nonidentifiable parameters, we project the parameters to a lower dimensional space and we allow the reduced set of parameters to share a common distribution. We use the griddy Gibbs sampler to fit our models and compute DIC and BPP for model diagnostics. We illustrate our method using data from NHANES III data to obtain the finite population proportions.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.919-925
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• 2006

Maximum likelihood estimate(MLE) is obtained from the partial log-likelihood function for the cell probabilities of two way incomplete contingency tables proposed by Chen and Fienberg(1974). The partial log-likelihood function is modified by adding lagrangian multiplier that constraints can be incorporated with. Variances of MLE estimators of population proportions are derived from the matrix of second derivatives of the loglikelihood with respect to cell probabilities. Simulation results, when data are missing at random, reveal that Complete-case(CC) analysis produces biased estimates of joint probabilities under MAR and less efficient than either MLE or MI. MLE and MI provides consistent results under either the MAR situation. MLE provides more efficient estimates of population proportions than either multiple imputation(MI) based on data augmentation or complete case analysis. The standard errors of MLE from the proposed method using lagrangian multiplier are valid and have less variation than the standard errors from MI and CC.

• 한국통계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국통계학회 2005년도 추계 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.59-65
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• 2005

We propose five Bayesian methods to estimate the cell expectation in an incomplete multi-way categorical table with nonignorable nonresponse mechanism. We study 3 Bayesian methods which were previously applied to one-way categorical tables. We extend them to multi-way tables and, in addition, develop 2 new Bayesian methods for multi-way categorical tables. These five methods are distinguished by different priors on the cell probabilities: two of them have the priors determined only by information of respondents; one has a constant prior; and the remaining two have priors reflecting the difference in the response mechanisms between respondent and non-respondent. We also compare the five Bayesian methods using a categorical data for a prospective study of pregnant women.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.971-984
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• 2015

Imputation procedures fill-in missing values, thereby enabling complete data analyses. Fully efficient fractional imputation (FEFI) and multiple imputation (MI) create multiple versions of the missing observations, thereby reflecting uncertainty about their true values. Methods have been described for hypothesis testing with multiple imputation. Fractional imputation assigns weights to the observed data to compensate for missing values. The focus of this article is the development of tests of independence using FEFI for partially classified two-way contingency tables. Wald and deviance tests of independence under FEFI are proposed. Simulations are used to compare type I error rates and Power. The partially observed marginal information is useful for estimating the joint distribution of cell probabilities, but it is not useful for testing association. FEFI compares favorably to other methods in simulations.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.185-194
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• 2007

The information of covariates are available to do fully efficient fractional imputation(FEFI). The new method, FEFI with logistic regression is proposed to construct complete contingency tables. Jackknife method is used to get a standard errors of log-odds ratio from the completed table by the new method. Simulation results, when covariates have more information about categorical variables, reveal that the new method provides more efficient estimates of log-odds ratio than either multiple imputation(MI) based on data augmentation or complete case analysis.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.993-1002
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• 2004

Imputation procedures such as fully efficient fractional imputation(FEFI) or multiple imputation(MI) can be used to construct complete contingency tables from samples with partially classified responses. Variances of FEFI estimators of population proportions are derived. Simulation results, when data are missing completely at random, reveal that FEFI provides more efficient estimates of population than either multiple imputation(MI) based on data augmentation or complete case analysis, but neither FEFI nor MI provides an improvement over complete-case(CC) analysis with respect to accuracy of estimation of some parameters for association between two variables like $\theta_{i+}\theta_{+i}-\theta_{ij}$ and log odds-ratio.

• 응용통계연구
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.145-157
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• 1994

확률적 순서관계를 갖는 다변량분포에서 얻어진 자료가 결측값을 갖는 불완전한 자료일 때, EM 알고리즘을 이용한 최우추정법을 논의하였다. 본 논문에서는 관찰값들이 부분적으로 분류된 분할표자료에 국한하여 연구되었으며 기존의 동위회귀추정 프로그램을 써서 EM을 수행할 수 있는 이점이 있다. 예를 통하여 제안된 추정법을 설명한다.

• 응용통계연구
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.29-40
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• 2019

선거여론조사 자료의 경우 무응답이 흔히 관측되며, 이와 같이 무응답이 존재하는 범주형 자료는 불완전 분할표로 표현된다. 불완전 분할표로 표현된 선거여론조사 자료에서 후보자 지지율을 추정하는 경우, 지지율은 무응답이 어떤 메카니즘을 따르는가에 따라 다르게 추정되며, 따라서 자료가 어떠한 무응답 메카니즘을 따르는지에 대한 판별이 분석에 선행되어야 한다. 그러나 최근 연구에 따르면, 관측된 자료를 이용해서는 무응답 메카니즘을 판별할 수 없음이 밝혀졌다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해 다양한 무응답 메카니즘을 반영할 수 있는 민감도 분석이 제안되었다. 그러나 기존에 제안된 민감도 분석의 경우, 이원 분할표에서 각 변수의 범주 수가 두 개인 경우만을 대상으로 한다. 우리나라 선거여론조사에서 고려되는 요인이 지역, 성, 연령 등임을 감안할 때, 기존 방법론으로 민감도 분석을 시행하기에는 한계점이 존재한다. 이에 따라 본 논문에서는 기존의 민감도 분석을 다차원 불완전 분할표에 적용할 수 있도록 확장하고, 이를 우리나라 19대 대선 여론조사 자료에 적용하였다. 분석 결과, 민감도 분석의 구간이 실제 지지율을 포함하고 있을 뿐 아니라, 다양한 무응답 메카니즘의 결과를 포괄하고 있으며, 실제 지지율과 가장 가까운 예측치의 경우 후보자에 대한 지지가 무응답의 발생에 영향을 미침을 알 수 있었다.

• 응용통계연구
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.197-206
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• 2000

반복비율적합 방법을 확장하여 준독립성모형하에서 불완전한 다차원 분할표에 포함된 결측칸의 최우추정값을 얻기 위한 추정방법을 제안하였다. 제안된 방법은 주변합이 영이 아닌 모든 불완전한 분할표에 적용할 수 있으며 주어진 준로그선형모형의 구조를 해치지 않는다. 또한 결측칸의 위치와 수에 영향을 받지 않고 항상 수렴한다는 것을 확인하였다.