• 대순사상논총
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• 제27집
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• pp.245-282
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• 2016

지금 전 세계에는 자기 안의 신성을 되찾고자 하는 영성의 바람이 거세게 불고 있다. 하지만 아직도 종교 갈등은 진행 중이다. 테러 사건, 종교 간의 분쟁 등이 끊임없이 일어나는 등 오히려 더 규모가 커지고 전 세계로 확대되고 있다. 종교 간의 화합은 더욱 요원해 보인다. 종교 간 갈등의 근본 원인은 무엇일까? 종교공동체 사이에 소통한다는 것이 이토록 어려운가? 비록 문화가 다르고 교리적 의례적 표현은 다르지만 어느 종교이든 핵심적인 부분인 심층을 들여다보면 대체로 종교 상호 간에 일맥상통하는 면이 있는 것으로 보인다. 공통점을 찾고 차이점을 인정할 때 서로 배움의 자세가 되어 소통이 용이하게 된다. 그렇다면 종교 간의 공통점으로 무엇이 있을까? 많은 학자들은 각 종교의 신비주의에서 말하는 '하나됨'의 경지를 주장한다. 이 하나됨의 경지는 하루아침에 되는 것이 아니라 신앙을 성숙시키고자 하는 끊임없는 노력의 궁극적 도달점인 것이다. 이 도달점에 이르는 과정을 중요시하는 깨달음의 종교가 심층종교라고 할 수 있다. 표층종교가 기복적이고 무조건적인 믿음을 강조하는 것이라면 심층종교는 내 안의 신성(神聖), 참나, 큰나를 깨닫는 것을 강조하는 종교이다. 표층종교와 심층종교라는 것은 비교종교학자인 오강남 교수가 편의상 분류한 용어로, 이 잣대는 상대적 개념이며 명확히 구분할 수 있는 것은 더더욱 아니다. 그러나 표층·심층종교의 개념은 종교생활이나 종교성의 발달을 모두 포괄할 수 있다는 측면에서 종교에 대한 논의를 보다 분명하고 수월하게 할 수 있다는 장점이 있다. 표층·심층의 분류를 이러한 의미에서 제한적으로만 사용하고자 한다. 필자는 표층·심층의 용어를 빌리되 여러 학자들의 분류를 참조하여 재고찰해 보고, 이 시각을 종교적 경험과 연결해 보고자 한다. 종교성의 발달 즉 신앙의 성숙은, 진리에 대한 깊이 있는 깨달음은, 개방적이고 공감하는 태도는 어떻게 가능할까? 대부분의 많은 학자들은 '종교적 경험'을 꼽는다. 종교적 경험을 통해 기복적이고 자기중심적이고 표층적인 믿음에서 좀 더 성숙한 신앙으로, 계속되는 깨달음과 그 실천으로 더욱더 깊은 신앙으로 나아갈 수 있다는 것이다. 본 연구에서는 종교사에는 표층종교와 심층종교의 측면이 어떻게 나타났는지, 역대 종교에 대한 비판의 소리는 어떤 것이 있었는지 살펴본다. 이러한 표층과 심층의 시각으로 대순진리회 수도인들의 종교적 경험 수기 몇 가지를 분석하여, 표층에서 심층으로의 종교성의 발달이 종교적 경험을 통해 어떻게 일어나는지, 그 특성은 어떠한지 알아보고자 한다.

• 한국문헌정보학회지
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• 제25권
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• pp.343-388
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• 1993

The ability of any organization to innovate itself in a rapid change of environment means the existence of the organization. Innovative activity is achieved in different ways according to the objectives of organization. the characteristics of external environmental factors. and various attributes in organization. In the present study. all the existing approaches to the innovative nature of organization were synthetically compared to each other and evaluated: then. for a more rational approach. a research model was built and suggested by establishing the inclusive variables of the innovative nature of library organization and categorizing the types of such nature. Additionally. an empirical. analytical study on such a model was done. That is. paying regard to the fact that innovation has basically a close relation with the circumstantial factors of organization. synthetic, circumstantial relations were clarified. considering the external environmental factors and internal characteristics of organization. In the study. the innovation of library organization was seen in two parts i.e .. the feasible degree of technical innovation and the feasible degree of administrative innovation. Regarding the types of innovative implementation. according to the feasible degree of innovation, four types such as a stationary type. technic-oriented type, organization-oriented type. and technical-socio systematic type were classified. There were nine independent variables-i.e., the scale of organization. available resources of the organization, formalization, differentiation, specialization. decentralization, recognizant degree of the technical attribute. degree of response to the change of technical environment, and professional activities. There were three subordinate variables - i.e., technical innovation, administrative innovation. and the performance of organization. Through establishment of such variables, the factors which might influence the innovation of library organization were understood, and with the types of the innovative implementation of library organization being classified according to the feasible degree of innovation. the characteristics of library organization were reviewed in the light of each type. Also. the performance of library organization according to the types of the innovative implementation of library organization was analyzed. and the relations between the types of innovative implementation according to circumstantial variables and the performance of library organization were clarified. In order to clarify the adequacy of the research model in the methodology of empirical study, data were collected from 72 university libraries and 38 special libraries. and for a hypothetical test of the research model. an analysis of correlations, a stepwise regression analysis. and One Way ANOVA were utilized. The following are the major results or findings from the study 1) It appeared there is a trend that the bigger the scale of organization and available resources are, the more active the professional activity of the managerial class is, and the higher the recognizant degree of technical environment (recognizant degree of technical attributes and the degree of response t9 the change of technical environment) is, the higher the feasible degree of innovation becomes. 2) It appeared that among the variables influencing the feasible degree of technical innovation, the order from the variable influencing most was first, the recognizant degree of technical innovation: second, the available resources of organization: and third, professional activity. Regarding the variables influencing the feasible degree of administrative innovation from the most influential variable, it appeared they were the available resources of organization, the differentiation of organization. and the degree of response to the change of technical environment. 3) It appeared that the higher the educational level of the managerial class is, the more active the professional activity becomes. It seemed there is a trend that the group of library managers whose experience as a librarian was at the middle level(three years to six years of experience) was more active in research activity than the group of library managers whose experience as a librarian was at a higher level(more than ten years). Also, it appeared there is a trend that the lower the age of library managers is, the higher the recognizant degree of technical attributes becomes. and the group of library managers whose experience as a librarian was at the middle level (three years to six years of experience) recognized more affirmatively the technical aspect than the group of library managers whose experience as a librarian was at a higher level(more than 10 years). Also, it appeared that, when the activity of the professional association and research activity are active, the recognizant degree of technology becomes higher, and as a result. it influences the innovative nature of organization(the feasible degree of technical innovation and the feasible degree of administrative innovation). 4) As a result of the comparison and analysis of the characteristics of library organization according to the types of innovative implementation of library organization. it was indicated there is a trend that the larger the available resources of library organization, the higher the organic nature of organization such as differentiation. decentralization, etc., and the higher the level of the operation of system development, the more the type of the innovative implementation of library organization becomes the technical-socio systematic type which is higher both in the practical degrees of technical innovation and administrative innovation. 5) As a result of the comparison and analysis of the relations between the types of innovative implementation and the performance of organization, it appeared that the order from the highest performance of organization is the technical-socio systematic type, then the technic-oriented type, the organization­oriented type, and finally the stationary type which is lowest in such performance. That is, it demonstrated that, since the performance of library organization is highest in the library of the technical-socio systematic type while it is lowest in the library whose practical degrees in both technical innovation and administrative innovation are low, the performance of library organization differs significantly according to the types of innovative implementation of library organization. The present study has extracted the factors influencing innovation, classified systematically the types of innovative implementation, and inferred the synthetical, circumstantial correlations between the types and the performance of organization, and empirically inspected those factors. However, due to the present study's restrictive matters and the limit of the research design, results from the study should be more prudently interpreted. Also, the present study, as an investigative study of the types of innovative implementation, with few preceding studies, requires more complete hypothetical inference based on the results of the present study. In other words, if more systematical studies are given to understanding the relations, it will devote the suggestion and demonstration of a more useful theory.