• Resources Recycling
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.3-11
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• 2015

The negative effects of unburned fabric in municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI) ash on the performances of cement composite were investigated. The chemical and physical characteristics of MSWI ash powder containing high volume of unburned fabric were analyzed. The workability and compressive strength of mortar-type cement composites with the ash powder were evaluated. The workability of the cement composites was decreased mainly by unburned fabric in the ash, while the compressive strength was decreased by MSWI ash itself. From the experimental results, the critical limits for both MSWI ash and their powder containing unburned fabric in the cement composites should be limited from standpoint of the workability of the composite.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.103-106
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• 2014

Recycling of bottom ash from municipal solid waste (MSW) incinerator has been strictly limited due to its composition of high level chlorine and other unfavorable substances. The composition of MSW has been, however, changed after the introduction of garbage-bag sales system, extended producer responsibility (EPR) policy and the prohibition of direct landfill of food waste. Recent waste shows reduced moisture and chlorine content, increased calorific value due to the separation of food waste, incombustible materials and PVC. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the trend of composition changes of MSW incinerator bottom ash and to compare the analytical results with those before the separation system was introduced. CaO content of bottom ash, one of the major component of cement clinker, increased from 26.7% in 2001 to 34.0% in 2006. The chlorine content showed a dramatic decrease from 1.84% in 2001 to 0.00655% in 2006, which is closely compatible with that of the fly ash of coal-utilizing thermal power plants, which is mainly due to the changes of MSW composition. It is eventually considered that there is a possibility of utilizing the incinerator bottom ash as a raw material of cement clinker feed substances.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.38 no.10
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• pp.574-579
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• 2016

This study assessed feasibility of making granular fertilizer with fly ash from a sewage sludge incinerator in Korea. Composition, characteristics, strength, and heavy metal contents of the granular fertilizers were investigated. Due to its high contents of phosphorus, fly ash from a sewage sludge incinerator could be used to make fertilizers. Granulation rates (2-4 mm granules) over 80% could be achieved as the fly ash contents were 15% or less of the fertilizer. Leaching tests of the fertilizers, based upon the Korean Standard Methods for Solid Wastes, showed the concentrations of heavy metals less than the risk limits. However, contents analysis of the fertilizers, based upon the Korean Standard Methods for Soils, experienced higher levels of heavy metals than the risk limits as the fly ash content exceeded 7% of the fertilizer. Thus, the fly ash needs to be added less than 7% of the fertilizer if there is no pretreatment to remove heavy metals.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.12 no.12
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• pp.924-929
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• 2002

To recycle waste materials, this work was focused on development of glass-ceramic from incinerator fly ash with a large content of Cl and its physical property was evaluated. In the process, water washing as a pre-treatment before melting the fly ash was used to remove large amount of Cl component in the ash and to reduce melting temperature. As a result, glass was obtained at below $100^{\circ}C$ compared to the melting temperature before washing the ash. Also, internal crystallization occurred under single stage heat treatment (at $850-950^{\circ}C$ for 20-340min) without adding other materials into the ash. It was shown that the glass-ceramic was composed of four crystals, diopside, anorthite, akermanite, and unknown phase. Hardness of 8.3GPa was found in the glass-ceramic, which is a high value compared to reported others. Thus, the present process suggests that a good glass-ceramic produced from an incinerator ash could be applicable for structural materials in terms of economic and environmental points.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2000.04a
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• pp.257-262
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is grasping quality aggregate using Bottom Ash of Industrial Waste Incinerator, and is evaluating possibility of application as construction materials. Cement and Fly ash is used with binder of aggregates using bottom ash. It is tested for basic property and strength of artificial aggregates, and the results are compared with crushed stone and elution tests is done for environmental safety. In the results of tests, it is confirmed that basic property and strength are lowe than crushed stone but the aggregates have possibility of application as artificial lightweight aggregates. When it is manufactured with aggregates, it is sage environmentally because of protecting elution of harmful heavy metals.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.418-425
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• 2003

Inorganic elemental content of bottom ash generated from municipal solid waste incinerator was determined by neutron activation analysis. Bottom ash samples were collected monthly from incinerator located in city D, strained out by the 5 mm sieve, dried by oven and pulverized by agate mortar. The samples were irradiated at NAA #1 irradiation hole in HANARO research reactor of Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute and the irradiated samples were measured by HPGe-gamma-ray spectrometer. From the activity of measured nuclides, 33 elements including As, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Sb and Zn were determined applying activity creation formula and nuclear data. The quality control was conducted by simultaneous analysis with NIST standard reference materials.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Combustion
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2003

The behavior and characteristics of heavy metals at different streams in a MSWI(Municipal Solid Waste Incinerator) with a capacity of 100tonnes/day were investigated by measuring the concentration of heavy metals and gases and analyzing their leaching data from ashes. Metal components of Cr, Cu, Cd and Pb were in higher concentrations in the fly ashes collected after the water spray tower than in the bottom ashes. It was due to condensation by a lower temperature with water spray cooling. Metal contents in the bottom ash became higher for finer particles as expected. The mass balance of heavy metals in different stream was estimated from the analyzed data in bottom ash and collected dusts at different locations. For the lower volatility of metals such as Pb, Cu, Cr, 88-97% of them remained in the bottom ash, while Cd and Hg escaped from the combustor with remaining in bottom ash of 18.4 and 0.8%, respectively. In most cases the leaching rate of fly ash showed higher values than that of bottom ash, with the their average acidities of 9.8 and 11.9 respectively.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.257-265
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• 2006

The purpose of research is to mix the fly ash from municipal solid waste incinerator in the recycled Polypropylene and to recycle. The specimen was produced by mixing 20 wt.% of MSWI fly ash at maximum in the recycled Polypropylene and the particle size analyzer, DSC, TGA, SEM and UTM instruments were used to analyze the physical chemical properties of the specimen. As a result of measurement, the average particle size of MSWI fly ash was $18.08\;{\mu}m$. In TGA analysis, the temperature of specimen S-5 at 50% of weight decrease was risen by $7^{\circ}C$ higher than specimen S-1. In UTM measurement, specimen S-2 showed the maximum strength for tensile strength and specimen S-3 showed the maximum strength for flexural strength. But, impact strength was decreased according to the increasing proportion of MSWI fly ash. In conclusion, when the proper amount of MSWI fly ash was added to the recycled Polypropylene, thermal endurance, tensile strength and flexural strength could be increased, but impact strength was decreased.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.81-85
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• 2000

In order to reduce emission of air pollutants from spot incineration, it is required to develope the combustion chamber of small wastes incinerator having combustion efficiency. The characteristics of combustion of the incinerator with combustion chamber having tangential angels with surface of 45$^{\circ}$of air supply nozzles were studied in accordance with non-grate, fixed-grate and shaking-grate in the combustion chamber. Combustion conditions were evaluated with combustion efficiency, emission of hazardous gases, temperatures, ignition loss of ash and so on. Combustion efficiencies were shown 73.9% for non-gate, 81.1% for fixed-grate and 89.0% for shaking-grate. Emissions of CO were revealed 6.52 ppm for non-grate, 273 ppm for fixed-grate and 224 for shaking-grate. Comprehensively evaluated, combustion conditions got better in order of shaking-grate, fixed-grate and non-grate. This study suggests that small wastes incinerator should have shaking-or fixed-grate in combustion chamber to get better combustion condition even though at expensive cost of manufacturing.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.16 no.2 s.76
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• pp.32-39
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• 2007

The measurement of physicochemical properties of ASR incineration ash has been carried dot and the preparation of light-weight material has also been performed using ASR ash for recycling point of view as building or construction materials. For this aim, chemical composition, particle size distribution, and heavy metal leachability were examined for 2 bottom ashes and 4 fly ashes obtained from the domestic ASR incinerator. In the present work, attempt has been made to prepare the lightweight material using boiler ash as a raw material, which is prepared by forming the mixture of boiler ash, lightweisht filler and inorganic binder and followed by calcination at elevated temperature. As a result, the content of Cu in bottom ash was as high as about 3wt% so that the recovery of Cu from ash was required. The major compound of SDR #5 and Bag filter #6 was found to be $CaCl_2{\cdot}Ca(OH)_2{\cdot}H_2O\;and\;CaCl_2{\cdot}4H_2O$, respectively. It is thought that heavy metal teachability of lightweight material prepared with boiler ash was significantly decreased due to the encapsulation or stabilization of heavy metal compounds.