• Journal of Power System Engineering
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.9-15
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• 2007

This paper provides a methodology for the optimization of waste heat usage in Jeju Province. The incineration plant was considered as heat source and the food garbage plant and the youth hostel were selected as heat sink of this study. The distribution of the reusing energy in incineration plant is decide by load analysis and numerical calculation of the operational methodology. The main objective of this study is on the reduction of the fuel costs and reuse of waste heat. As the results, the efficiency of the incineration plant and two heat sink, the food garbage plant and the youth hostel, are improved and economical suggestions are proposed through the optimization analysis.

• Journal of Climate Change Research
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.51-61
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• 2013

To address the problems associated with climate change and energy shortage, Korea has been making efforts to turn waste materials into usable energy. Due to the ongoing efforts to convert waste materials into energy, waste incineration is expanding to utilize the heat generated, and the subsequent greenhouse gas emissions from these waste material incineration are expected to increase. In this study, a municipal waste incineration plant that generates heat and electricity through heat recovery was selected as a subject facility. Methods for estimating the greenhouse gas emissions in the municipal waste incineration plant that was selected as a subject plant were sought, and the greenhouse gas emissions and emission factor were estimated. The $CO_2$ concentrations in discharge gas from the subject facility were on average 6.99%, and the result from calculating this into greenhouse gas emissions showed that the total amount of emissions was $254.60ton\;CO_2/day$. The net emissions, excluding the amount of greenhouse gas emitted from biomass incineration, was shown to be $110.59ton\;CO_2/day$. In addition, after estimating the emissions by separating the heat and electricity generated in the incineration facility, greenhouse gas emission factors were calculated using the greenhouse gas emissions produced per each unit of output. The estimated emission factor for heat was found to be $0.047ton\;CO_2/GJ$ and the emission factor for electricity was found to be $0.652ton\;CO_2/MWh$. The estimated emission factor was shown to be about 17% lower than the $0.783ton\;CO_2/MWh$ emission factor for thermal power plants that use fossil fuels. Waste material types and fossil carbon contents were evaluated as being the factors that have major effects on the greenhouse gas emissions and emission factor.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.507-520
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• 2016

This research was performed to evaluate incineration facilities with different scale and type using performance index. Incineration facilities of 28 units, which occupying about 15% of 184 units in nationwide, were selected for questionnaire survey. The facilities were classified in scale with large(${\geq}100t/d$), middle(50~<100 t/d), small(<50 t/d) ones, and in type with stoker, pyrolysis, fluidized bed. Performance index was composed of technological, economical, and environmental items, which have 6, 10, and 30 kinds of questions, respectively. As a result of scale evaluation, large scale facility has higher score than small one in all technological, economical, and environmental items. In overall evaluation of the facilities with different type, stoker incinerator has higher score of 65.3 than 59.0 of fludized bed and 58.3 of pyrolysis. It was shown that there was significant difference in economical evaluation field, in all technological, economical, and environmental items.

• Journal of Climate Change Research
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.273-281
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to consider the effectiveness of continuous $CO_2$ emission monitoring in waste incinerator. To prevent global warming, many countries are trying to reduce $CO_2$, the main greenhouse gas. Currently, Korea is implementing an emission trading scheme to reduce $CO_2$, and waste incinerators are included in this scheme as major $CO_2$ sources. However, when using waste incinerators, $CO_2$ is discharged during incineration of various types of wastes, therefore it is very difficult to calculate the amount of emissions according to IPCC guidelines. In addition, the estimation of $CO_2$ emissions by calculation is known to lack of accuracy comparing with actual emissions. Currently, Korea is operating CleanSYS, which enables continuous measurement of gases emitted into the atmosphere. Therefore, it is possible to estimate the $CO_2$ emissions of waste incineration facilities. The IPCC, which published $CO_2$ emission calculation guidelines, recognizes that direct measurement of emission is a more advanced method in cases of various $CO_2$ emission sources such as a waste incineration facility. Also, Korean emission trading scheme guidelines allow estimation of $CO_2$ emissions by continuous measurement at waste incineration facilities. Therefore, this study considers the effectiveness of a direct measurement method by comparing the results of CleanSYS with the calculation method suggested by the IPCC guidelines.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.96-99
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• 2016

This study characterized fly ash produced from a sewage sludge incineration facility in Korea to determine if the byproducts can be utilized. All the incinerated sewage sludge was from a city in Korea. To characterize fly ash and to determine if it can be utilized, pH, water contents, elemental components, particle size, surface morphology, heavy metal compositions, and others were analyzed. In average, pH was 6.2, and water contents was about 5%. T-N and $T-P_2O_5$ were 3% and 24.5%, respectively. Particle size averaged 836 nm; surface morphology did not exhibit any significant results. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis results revealed that major components of the fly ash were $P_2O_5$, CaO, MgO, $K_2O$. Composition of heavy metals by the Korea Standard Methods for Waste Quality did not exceed the criteria for specified wastes in Korea.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.17-26
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• 2002

As it is not allowed to landfill sludge from 2001 by the act of waste management, new systems of treating sludge are necessary. Life Cycle Assessment, LCA, is a method for evaluating systems in the aspect of environment and also can apply to decision making tools for policy making. The objective of this study is to assess 3 alternatives of landfill: incineration, composting, solidification by applying LCA. This study is done with operation data from incinerator in Kuri, composting facility in Nanjido, solidification facility in Kimpo and electricity and transport data of Korea in 1998 are used. The results of the LCA is that the composting system is most environmental-friendly and the solidification system is least environmental-friendly.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.60-66
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• 2002

Iksan city is planning to construct a waste incinerator on the site of about $110,000\textrm{m}^2$ in size that will be selected from a public bid(Oct.~Nov.2002)in the wake of expiration by June 2003 of use for Hamyeol fill-up ground. Science it has usually been difficult to find sites for filling-up or incinerating facilities owing to NIMBY phenomenon, it is badly requested to employ up-to-date technology for processing wastes without environmental pollution. The conflicts between the administrative authorities and community people with regard to construction of incineration facilities, fill-up ground and facilities for waste processing or recycling are not the matters of just today but are increasingly deepening and spreading countrywide. There seems to be no prospect for these conflicts to be amicably settled through dialogues. They rather become a social disease inflicting the whole country like an epidemic. It is therefore believed to be necessary to introduce measures to design and build environment-friendly facilities that may be accepted by residents as not abominable ones but be used as amusing place while they watch the daily operation of them as watchdogs. Iksan city's plan to construct environment-friendly waste incineration facilities of pyrolysis type without chimney has undergone the process of public hearings and explanatory gatherings from every class of Iksan citizens to get consensus but is still delayed due mainly to be the failure of inducing foreign investments. Pyrolysis technology has two advantages ; first, environment-friendly due to less emission of second pollutants ; second, production of by-products highly valuable as resources. It Is known that Germany has recently begun installation and operation of pyrolysis facility urban wastes, an evidence indicating that pyrolysis method will be widely applied to cope with the tightened regulation to preserve environment worldwide.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.22 no.1 s.63
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• pp.1-16
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• 2007

The incineration process has commonly used for wastes amount reduction and thermal treatments of pollutants as the technologies accumulated. However, the process is getting negative public images owing to matter of hazardous pollutants emission. Specially dioxins became a main issue and is mostly emitted from municipal solid wastes incineration. In this reason, pyrolysis/gasfication/melting process is presented as a alternative of incineration process. The pyrolysis/gasfication/melting process, a novel technology, is middle of verification of commercial plant and development of technologies in Korea. But the survey about the pollutant emission from the process, and background data in these facilities is necessary. So in this survey, it Is investigated that the behavior of dioxins in three pyrolysis/gasfication/melting plant (S, T, P) of pilot scale. In case of S plant, concentration of dioxins shows high at latter part of cogenerated boiler and stack which are operate on low temperature conditions than a latter parts of pyrolysis and melting furnace which are operate on high temperature condition. Concentration of gas phage dioxins had increased after combusted gas passed cogenerated boiler and this is attributed to react of precursor materials such as chlorobenzene and chlorophenol. Concentration of dioxins in T plant showed lower levels at latter part of cooling equipment which are operate with water spray type on low temperature conditions than a latter parts of gasfied melting furnace which are operate on high temperature condition. Removal efficiency of dioxins at gas treatment equipment was 78.8 %. Concentration of dioxins in P plant was low at latter part of SDA/BF which is operate at low temperature conditions than a latter parts of pyrolysis gasfied chamber which are operate at high temperature condition. Removal efficiency of dioxins of SDA/BF was 85.9 % and therefore, it showed high efficiency at those of stoker type incineration facility. However, concentration of dioxins which emitted at high temperature condition were low in three facilities and satisfied present standard emission level of dioxins. To consider the distribution ratio of dioxins, Particulate phase dioxins at S and P plants showed similar ratio with which shows in current stoker type for middle scale domestic waste incineration facility. It is necessary to continuos monitoring the ratio of distribution of dioxins in T plant in because ratio of gas phage dioxins showed high.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.813-821
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• 2012

Environmental and public health concern for the emission of air pollutants from burn-up process in waste incineration plants located in the vicinity of living environment was increased during the past decade. The purpose of this study was to suggest of the simple and rapid method of priority setting model for the decision of full-scale public health assessment. This method was consists of total 5-step. Step 1 was "secure the satellite map" and we can use the satellite map which serves from the website such as NAVER Co. Step 2 was "drawing mesh on the map" for catch the point of occupation of environmental sensitivity facilities, and step 3 was "identification and sorting of the facilities", Step 4 was "setting of weight" using the "weighted linear combination (WLC) method". Finally, all facility was sorted by score. As a result, we can set a priority of 145 facilities based on 177 facilities which managed in local government. Facilities in Seoul metropolitan area was high rank in priority list. On the other side, Facilities located at the country or rural area was low rank because of low occupation of the house and the environmental sensitivity facilities such as kindergarten, elementary school, and hospital. In this study, we suggested simple and rapid method that using for screening procedure of public health assessment.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.44-49
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• 2013

An establishment of dioxin-reduction operating skill for medium sized incineration facility is urgently needed in Korea with nearly 90% of medium sized incineration. Using lattice stoker incineration processing the capacity of 20 tons industrial general waste per day, similar properties of the household waste, dioxin-reduction is derived in optimum operating condition and parameters. As a result, CO haunting which is the minimization of frequency is found as the major parameter to minimize dioxin.