• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.29-36
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• 1997

Incilaria속 육삼패류의 분류를 위해 국재 7지역에서 채집된 100개체를 대상으로 수평전분전기 영동법을 이용한 동위효소 분석을 실시하였다. I. fruhstorferi와 I. bilineata 종내 집단의 유전적 근연치는 S=0.635와 S=0.482의 유전적 근연치를 나타내는 Incilaria sp. group이 형성되어 이들의 분류학적 위치에 대한 추가 연구가 요구되었다. 각 종간 유전적 근연치는 I. fruhstorferi와 I. bilineata 간에는 S=0.364이며, I. fruhstorferi와 Incilaria sp.는 S=0.427, I. bilineata와 Incilaria sp.는 S=0.3999로 나타나 Incilaria sp. group은 I. bilineata보다 I. fruhstorferi에 가까운 유전적 유연관계를 나타냈다.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.109-121
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• 1996

Histochemical experiment was carry out respectively to confirm the properties of the salis (Achatina fulica and Incilaria fruhstorferi). SDS-PAGE was carried out to compare and invertigate the distribution aspects of protein patterns between the two species. Five types(A, B, F, H and I)of gland cells with four neutral mucopolysaccharide cells and one acid mucopolysaccharide cells and one acid mucopolysaccharide cell were observed in acinous of Achatina fulica, while six types were observed in acinous of Incilaria fruhstorferi: ond acid mucopolysaccharide cell(type-A) and four neutral mucopolysaccharide cells(type-B, C, D and F) and one cell that acid mucopolysaccharide is only mimbrane that surrounded granule(type-E). The results are follows:The thpe-A fland cell is commonly observed between the two species. The type-A gland cell in Achatina fulica possesses a nucleus with a developed heterdchromatin, and the cytoplasm was filled with round granules. The granules were surrounded with an uncertain boundary mimbrane and confirmed with neutral mucopolysaccharides, but is confirmed acid mucopolysaccharide in Incilaria fruhstorferi.The type-B gland cell is obwerved in the two species, too. The type-B gland cell in Achatina fulica was round shaped, and included an evenly alrge nucleus. The uncleoplasm included granules that were confirmed in the neutral mucopolysaccharides of the two species. The type-C and D gland cells exist only in Incilaria fruhstorferi, nucleoplasm was well developed heterochromatins. The type-E gland cell appears in the acinous surrounded the salivary gland of Incilaria fruhstorferi. Thdse granules appear irregular irregular shape and size and the cytoplasm is formed in alveolar. The type-F gland cells are commonly observed in the salivary glands of the two species. They are similar with the type-B gland cell, but the granular shape is comparatively small and irregular, and possess the neutral mucos granules. The type-H gland cells are mainly seen in only Achatina, and in nucleus is a well developed heterochromatin. The cytoplasm is filled with round small granules with acid mucopolysaccharide for alcianophilia observed. The type-I cell was small cell with an irregular shape and only observed in the gland cells of Achatina fulica. The heterochromatins were developed in the nucleus and the granules are not observed in cytoplasm.Secretory ducts of saliva are composed of the interlobular duct and interlobar secretory duct. In Achatina fulica the interlobular duct consists of a simple cuboidal epithelium, while the endothelium of intralobar secretory duct of Incilaria fruhstorferi consists of a simple squamous epithelium and in the cytoplasm is filled with granules(type-G secretory cell). A SDS-PAGE was carried out to confirm that the protein band pattern consist of salivary gland. In conclusions, five more bands in Achatina fulica and three bands in Incilaria fruhstorferi were confirmed in MW<29 kDa. one main band coincides comparatively with both and is between 29-45 kDa. There are four main bands in Achatina fulica and two main bands in Incilaria fruhstorferi between 45-66.5 kDa respectively. The bands in Achatina fulica seem more complex than in incilaria fruhstorferi.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.89-100
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• 2000

We observed the salivary ducts of two species of snails, Achatina fulica and Incilaria fruhstoferi with an electron microscope, and obtained the following results. The intralobular and interlobular ducts of Achatina fulica assume the forms of round or ellipsoidal doughnuts. The boundaries between the endothelial cells are not clear. It is also found that the cytoplasm of the endothelial cells consists of the membrane infolded in interdigital form, and there are well -developed microvilli at the apical portion of the cytoplasm. On the other hand, the intralobular and interlobular ducts of Incilaria fruhtoferi consist of the irregular simple columnar epithelia. The high electron dense cytoplasm is filled with the irregular round granules. The microvilli at the apical portion of the cytoplasm are not so well-developed as those in Achatina fulica. In the salivary duct of Achatina fulica, the lumen has narrow and long tubular structure. The boundaries between the endothelial cells are not clear. The cytoplasm is full of many vacuoles and electron lucent granules. At the apical portion of the cytoplasm, lots of short and thin microvilli are found. The salivary duct of Incilaria fruhstorferi is wider ($65\times250{\mu}m$ in diameter) than that of Achatina fulica, and consists of endothelial cells of the same structures. At the apical portion of those endothelial cells, a lot of junction apparatus such as desmosomes are observed. The vessels in the salivary ducts of Achatina fulica and Incilaria fruhstoferi are observed mainly in the connective tissues between the salivary glands. The endothelial cell of the vessel has the irregular structure and looks dark due to the high electron density. These cells protrude their filopodia and phagocytosize foreign bodies.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.155-163
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• 1997

Ultrastructural and histochemical studies were carried out on the prostate gland of a Korean slug (Incilaria fruhstorferi) with light and electron microscopes. The results are as follows. The endothelial tissue of the prostate gland is constituted with tall and narrow ciliated columnar cells, irregularly shaped cells and gland cells in which are included the elongated oval or ellipsoid nucleus those are surrounded by curved membrane. The endothelial tissue of the prostate gland is composed by type-A, B, C and type-D gland cells, and the glanules of type-A, B, and D gland cells are certified to neutral mucopolysaccharide because are related by PAS-alcian blue (pH 2.5) , but the other hand type-C gland cell is only weakly reacted to PAS, but strongly reacted by Million reaction. The glanules of type-A gland cell are small size (about $0.4{\mu}m$) and are seen high electron density, but the glanules of type-B gland cell are large size (about $0.7{\mu}m$) and glanule density is same type-A glanules. Long ellipsoid type-C gland cell contained round nucleus which is well developed beterochromatin in, and that small oval glanules (size, about $0.9{\mu}m$) of moderate high electron density which are formed a group of large glanule together with $4\sim5ea$, but type-D gland cell possessed round small nucleus are seen high electron dense glanules (size, $0.8{\mu}m$).

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.33-45
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• 1996

The spermatogenesis of Korean slug, Incilaria fruhstorferi are observed by electron microscope. The results are as follows: The spermatogenesis of Korean slug, Incilaria fruhstorferi, is processed through the five stages; Spermatogonia, primary spermatocyte, secondary spematocyte, spermatid and spermatozoon. The spermiogenesis, the differentiation of the spermatid, is also processed through the five stages. In stage 1, the numerous and round mitochomdria in the cytoplasm are moved around the nucleus of spermatid. In stage 2, the nucleus of spermatid transformed into the oval shape, and the oval nucleus is surrounded by many rough endoplasmic reticulum. In stage 3, the oval nucleus of spermatid is changed to be curved as an arrow, and then two centrioles appeared behind nucleus. The centriole is sucked into the cytoplasm. and almost all the chromatins are changed into heterochromatins. In stage 4, the nucleus of spermatid are transformed into the oval shape, when the lamella plate chromatin of spermatid form in the nucleoplasm. In stage 5, the oval nucleus is then transformed into the stream-line shape when the lamella plate chromatin of spematid gradually concentrated in the nucleus, and long axoneme ($65{\mu}m$ in length) form from the distal centriole. Two long mitochondria in the middle piece and the main piece of spermatozoon array spirally along a long axoneme, and the mitochondria matrix is gradually filled with electron-dense glycogen particles ($0.1{\mu}m$ in size). The axoneme of spermatozoon consists of typical 9+2 microtubular pattern.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.29-43
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• 1987

Incilaria fruhstorferi daiseninana의 뇌는 쌍을 이루고 있는 뇌(cerebral), 측(pleural), 노(parietal), 족(pedal)신경절과 단일 복부(abdominal)신경절로 구성되어 있으며, 이들은 융합된 신경고리를 이루고 있었다. 복부신경절로부터 나오는 내장신경은 생식, 장, 심장, 신장신경등으로 분지되어 이들 각 기관에 신경을 공급하고 있었다. 다음 3가지 방법, 즉, 내장신경을 Ni$^2$+로 역방향으로 충진하여 세포체를 염색하는 방법, 형광화합물 Lucifer yellow를 세포내로 주입하는 방법, 세포내활동전위와 내장신경의 세포외 활동전위를 동시에 측정하는 방법으로 적어도 12가지의 동정된 뉴우런이 내장신경과 관련되고 있음을 알았다. 알아낸 각 세포의 전기생리학적인 특성을 검지하고, 이것과 각 세포의 돌기 분지상태와의 관련 및 일부 세포간의 상호관계를 검사하였다. 이들중 8가지 세포가 내장신경에 축색돌기를 내보내는 효과신경세포라는 증거를 얻었다.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.40-50
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• 1995

The results of observation on the salivary gland and salivary secretory duct of Korean slug, Incilaria fruhstorferi, in histochemical method are as follows. It is observed that there are six kinds of gland cells(Type-A, B, C, E and F) making up the salivary gland of Korean slug. Of those, type-A gland cell is observed as an acid mucous cell, and type-B, C, D, F gland cells as neutral mucous cells. But in type-E gland cell, while the membrane surrounding granules exhibit alcianophilia, granules show no reaction. The salivary secretory duct composing the salivary gland of Korean slug is composed of supporting epithelial cell and four kinds of gland cells(type-A, E, F and G), of which type-A, E, F gland cells compose both the acinus of salivary gland and endothelial tissue of salivary secretory duct, and are secreted into lumen through salivary secretory duct. But, type-G gland cell is observed only in the endothelium of salivary secretory duct and mucous granules are observed as neutral mucopolysaccharide.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.123-134
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• 1995

한국산 산민달팽이 (Incilaria fruhstorferi)의 자성 생식기관을 조직화학적 방법을 이용, 광학현미경으로 관찰한 결과는 다음과 같다. 알부민선(albumen gland)은 대자웅동체관 위에 있으며, 산성 점액다당류와 중성 점액다당류 그리고 단백질성 분비물을 형성하는 세포들로 구성되어 있었다. 수정실(fertilization chamber)을 구성하는 내강 상피는 불규칙한 단층섬모원주상피와 위중층섬모원주상피세포가 3대 1의 비율로 구성되어 있으며, 결합조직에서 형성된 산성점액다다류성 과립들이 상피세포를 거쳐 내강 속으로 분비되었다. 또한 수정실의 외측표면은 기능은 알 수 없으나 산성 점액다당류를 분비하는 대형 세포들로 둘러싸여 있었다 . 수란관(oviduct)의 내강은 크로 작은 돌기로 인해 별모양을 나타내었다. 내강은 위중층원주상피세포로 구성되었으며 그들 사이에서 분비세포의 존재는 확인되지 않았다.질(vagina)의내강은 덮은 세포는 해면조직 형태의 세포와 단층섬모원주상피세포 그리고 위중층섬모원주상피세포 등 다양한 종류로 구성되어 있었으며, 잘 발달된 두터운 근육층은 질의 신축성을 높여 주었다. 정자낭(spermatheca)은 그 형태와 크기, 색깔 등이 종에 따라 다양하고, 질과 연결되는 자성생식기관으로 알려져 있다.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.135-145
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• 1995

A morphological andk histochimical study on the amterior tintacular antenna of Korean sulg, Incilaria fruhstorferi was conducted under the light microscopic observations. The histological sturctures of the antenna were apparently divided into three parts such as the epithelium, the connective tissues and the muscular layers. The cells forming the antenna were classified into several types on the basis of their morphological and histochemical characteristics. The simple columnar epithelium cotering the whole antenna was composed of supporting cells, sensory neurons and type-a clear cells. The connective tissue was consisted of dispersed large cells, type-b clear cells and 7 types of secretory cills such as type-A, type-B, type-F, thpe-G, type-H, type-J and type-K. The large cells found in the form of group situated only in the stalk of the antenna. The large cells possessed relatively small nuclei as compared with their cytoplasm. The cytoplasm positively reacted upon alcian blue, and the nucleus was PASpositive. The type-a and type-b clear cells which were irregular in shape showed no evident reaction against various stains employed in the present study. The secrtory cells were observed mainly in the connective tissues and in the muscular layers. Histochemical components of the type-A, type-B and K were identified as acid mucopolysaccharides and those of type-F and H were neutral mucopolysaccharides. The muscular layders supporting the epithelium possessed the type-B and F secretory cells which were also observed in the connective tissues.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.139-146
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• 1996

A studv on the ultrastructural changes of the hermaprodite duct epithelium in spring and summer specimens of a Korean slug Incirovia fruhstorferi was conducted. In spring specimen, the hermaphrodite duct was 0.3 H 0.2 mm in diameter and seemed to be a little bit abnormal feature, due to shrinkage. The epithelium of the duct was composed of cells containing various-sized vacuoles and their cytoplasm showed high electron density. In summer specimen, the hermaphrodite duct was 0.4 $\times$ 0.23 mm in diameter and seemed to be more voluminous than that of the spring specimen. The lumen of the duct in the summer specimen was lined by a epithelium composed of several cell types such as ciliated cuboidal, pseudostratified cuboidal, ciliated columnar and irregular cells. Phasocvtotic activities of the duct epithelium are observed only in the summer specimen. Both of the duct epithelia in the spring and summer specimens were surrounded by connective tissues at their bases. The results obtained suggest that the duct epithelia of the slugs experience seasonal variation in relation to their reproductive cycles.