• 한국ITS학회 논문지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.46-56
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• 2021

돌발상황으로 인한 비반복정체로 발생하는 높은 교통비용과 혼잡을 효과적으로 해소하기 위해서 돌발상황 처리시간을 예측하는 것은 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 인공신경망을 활용한 예측모델 개발을 위해 국내 도로상황에 적합한 돌발상황 처리시간 영향요인을 분석하고, 이를 학습데이터로 생성하였다. 기존 연구에서 장시간 소요되는 돌발상황 처리시간에 대한 과소 예측 문제가 발생하여 이에 대한 해결방안으로 본 연구에서는 SMOGN기법을 적용한 오버샘플링 학습데이터를 생성하여 이를 모델에 적용하였다. 그 결과 SMOGN기법을 적용한 DNN모델이 MAE 18.3분으로 연구 과정에서 구축된 모델 중 가장 높은 정확도로 돌발상황 처리시간을 예측하여, 기존에 개발된 예측모델의 한계점을 보완할 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제44권5호
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• pp.498-504
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• 2006

고밀도 $CHF_3$ 플라즈마를 이용한 식각에서 photoresist(PR)의 식각속도 및 $SiO_2$의 PR에 대한 식각 선택도가 이온의 입사 각도에 따라 변화하는 특성을 관찰하였다. 플라즈마 내에 파라데이 상자를 설치하여 이온의 입사 각도를 조절하였으며, 바이어스 전압을 변화시켜 이온의 입사 에너지를 조절하였다. 대부분의 바이어스 전압에서 $SiO_2$의 식각속도는 이온입사각도가 증가함에 따라 단조 감소함에 비해 PR의 식각속도는 중간각도 영역까지 일정하다가 그 이후에 감소하기 시작하였다. 이온입사각도가 $0^{\circ}$인 조건에서의 식각속도를 기준으로 정규화된 식각속도(NER)는 $SiO_2$의 경우 cosine함수와 거의 일치하였으나 PR의 경우 중간각도영역에서 over-cosine 형태를 보였다. PR에 대한 $SiO_2$의 식각선택도는 이온입사각도에 따라 점차로 감소하였는데, 이는 PR이 $SiO_2$에 비해 중간각도에서 물리적 스퍼터링에 의해 식각 수율이 크게 증가하였기 때문이다. 또한, 바이어스 전압의 증가에 따라 PR에 대한 식각선택도는 대부분의 이온입사각도에서 감소하였다.

• 대한교통학회지
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.105-118
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• 2001

혼잡은 반복정체와 비반복(돌발상황)정체로 나눌 수 있다. 고속도로의 효율적인 교통관리를 위해서는 사전 예측이 불가능한 돌발상황으로 인한 비 반복정체를 신속·정확하게 검지하여 대응함이 매우 중요하다. 이러한 목적으로 국내외적으로 많은 노력을 기울여 왔으나, 기존에 개발된 많은 돌발상황검지알고리즘들은 검지율 증가시 수반되는 오보율증가에 대한 문제점을 극복하는데 어려움을 겪고 있는 실정이다. 이로 인해 고속도로 운영자에게 실질적으로 적용이 가능한 돌발상황검지알고리즘을 제공하지 못하고 있다. 이와 같은 현 여건을 감안하여 본 연구에서는 돌발상황 검지율과 오보율을 모두 향상시킬 수 있는 기존에 개발된 방법론을 응용하고, 운영자측면에서 돌발상황검지의 효용성을 증대할 수 있는 기법을 개발하는데 주안점을 두고 있다. 본 연구에서 제안한 알고리즘은 교통량, 속도, 점유율 등 세 교통변수간 관계식에 근거하여 일차적으로 돌발상황을 검지하고, 다음 단계에서 검지된 교통상황의 돌발상황 여부를 McMaster 알고리즘에서 적용한 반복 및 비반복정체 구분을 위한 교통상황판단 방법론을 응용하여 구축하였다. 본 연구에서 제안한 알고리즘의 구성체계와 연구에 적용된 방법론의 적합성 평가를 위해 미국 캘리포니아에 위치한 I-880고속도로에서 수집된 교통자료를 이용하였다. 평가결과, 돌발상황 검지율과 오보율 측면에서 본 연구에서 제시한 알고리즘의 적용가능성이 매우 긍정적으로 판단된다. 본 연구에서는 캘리포니아 알고리즘에 대한 평가결과도 참고적으로 제시하였다.

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.117-126
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• 2015

PURPOSES : This study aims to investigate the direct and indirect influence areas from incidents on urban interrupted roadways and to develop traffic management strategies for each influence area. METHODS : Based on a literature review, various traffic management strategies for certain incidents were collected. In addition, the relationship between the measure of effectiveness and the characteristics of incidents was explored using an extensive simulation study. RESULTS : From the simulation studies, traffic delays increased as the number of lane closures increased, and the impact of lane closures was reduced to the direction upstream from the incident site. However, the magnitude of the delay change depended on the degree of saturation. Using these characteristics, the direct and indirect influence areas resulting from incidents were defined, and traffic management strategies were established for each direct and indirect influence area and for each level of incident. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study will contribute to the improvement of national traffic safety by preventing secondary incidents and by effective adaptation to incident events.

• 한국기계가공학회지
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.96-101
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• 2020

In this paper, we present the results of our research to perform 3D laser scanning functions by adding a focusing lens to a conventional 2D laser scanner. For the optical design, the ray-tracing technique was used along with a total of four lenses as the variable incident focusing lens, the collimating lens, and the F-Theta lens. As design variables, the curvature of the incident focusing lens (Lens #1) was assumed to be us, l mm and sumed mm, and the incident angles were set at 0cidenus, l. In addition, the distance between the focusing lens and the collimating lens was set to vary from 5 mm to 15 mm. When the incident focal length was varied from 5 mm to 15 mm, the exit focal length was calculated to vary from 67.5 mm to 56.8 mm for the lens with R = 100 mm and from 108.5 mm to 99.0 mm for the lens with R = 150 mm. When the incident angle was 0°, the focal aberration was only slightly observable at 10㎛ in both the x- and y-direction. At 7.5° was the focal aberration of approximately 20~50㎛ was measured at 20㎛. To investigate the chromatic aberration of the designed optical device, the distortion of the focus was observed when the 550 nm beam was simulated on lens designed for a 980 nm wavelength.

• 한국의사학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.17-30
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• 2011

King Hyeonjong, the 18th king of the Chosun Dynasty, reigned for 15 years. During his reign, he underwent a political incident named the Controversy about the Confucian Funerary Rituals. This incident was carried out 2 times: 1 time during early days of his reign and 1 time during later days. Although it started out as a trivial dispute over the period Queen Dowager Ja-eui(stepmother of King Hyojong, Hyeonjong's father) had to wear a mourning dress, it advanced to a political incident concerning the acknowledgement of King Hyeonjong's legitimacy and political pride of the king and the vassals. Although existing researches focus on the historical context of this incident, this study focuses on the relationship between this incident and King Hyeonjong's disorders. During the First Controversy about the Confucian Funerary Rituals, King Hyeonjong was treated for various symptoms concerning hypochondria. During the Second Controversy, he suffered from septicemia as well as diabetic complications. This study is based on the texts of "The Daily Records of Royal Secretariat of Chosun Dynasty".

• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.283-289
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• 2013

Wave profiles coming with oblique angle to trapezoidal submerged breakwater on the porous seabed are computed numerically by using a boundary element method. The analysis method is based on the wave pressure function with the continuity in the analytical region including fluid and structure. When compared with the existing results on the oblique incident wave, the results of this study show good agreement. The fluctuation of wave profiles is increased in the rear of the submerged breakwater due to the increase of the transmission coefficient, as the incident angle increases. In addition, in the case of the wave profiles passing over the submerged breakwater on porous seabed, it is able to verify that the attenuation of wave height occurs more significantly due to the wave energy dissipation than that of passing over the submerged breakwater on the impermeable seabed. The results indicate that wave profile own high dependability regarding the change of oblique incident waves and porous seabed. Therefore, the results of this study are estimated to be applied as an accurate numerical analysis referring to oblique incident waves and porous seabed in real sea environment.

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.163-173
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• 2012

PURPOSES : The purpose of this study is to check the possibilities of traffic pattern analysis using MatSIM for urban road network operation in incident case. METHODS : One of the stochastic dynamic models is MatSIM. MatSIM is a transportation simulation tool based on stochastic dynamic model and activity based model. It is an open source software developed by IVT, ETH zurich, Switzerland. In MatSIM, various scenario comparison analyses are possible and analyses results are expressed using the visualizer which shows individual vehicle movements and traffic patterns. In this study, trip distribution in 24-hour, traffic volume, and travel speed using MatSIM are similar to those of measured values. Therefore, results of MatSIM are reasonable comparing with measured values. Traffic patterns are changed according to incident from change of individual behavior. RESULTS : The simulation results and the actual measured values are similar. The simulation results show reasonable ranges which can be used for traffic pattern analysis. CONCLUSIONS : The change of traffic pattern including trip distribution, traffic volumes and speeds according to various incident scenarios can be used for traffic control policy decision to provide effective operation of urban road network.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.25-48
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• 2002

Wind flow and pressure on the roof of the Texas Tech Experimental Building are studied along with the incident wind in an effort to understand the wind-structure interaction and the mechanisms of roof pressure generation. Two distinct flow phenomena, cornering vortices and separation bubble, are investigated. It is found for the cornering vortices that the incident wind angle that favors formation of strong vortices is bounded in a range of approximately 50 degrees symmetrical about the roof-corner bisector. Peak pressures on the roof corner are produced by wind gusts approaching at wind angles conducive to strong vortex formation. A simple analytical model is established to predict fluctuating pressure coefficients on the leading roof corner from the knowledge of the mean pressure coefficients and the incident wind. For the separation bubble situation, the mean structure of the separation bubble is established. The role of incident wind turbulence in pressure-generation mechanisms for the two flow phenomena is better understood.

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.61-66
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• 2013

교통관리 시스템에서 돌발상황 관리시스템은 매우 중요한 역할을 차지하고 있다. 여러 종류의 알고리즘이 사용되고 있는데 이 중에서 APID, DELOS가 가장 많이 사용되고 있다. 검지알고리즘의 경우는 localization이 중요하며 교통상황에 적합한 파라미터의 검증과, 검지기 자료의 유효성 문제가 지적되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 APID, DELOS 돌발상황 검지알고리즘의 평가를 위해 방법론 및 시나리오를 구성하여 교통여건별, 시나리오별로 평가하였다. 특히, 알제리의 실제 도로망을 이용하여 평가를 진행하였다. 모든 조건을 만족하는 하나의 돌발상황 검지알고리즘을 개발한다는 것은 어려우며 각 도로 및 교통조건에 맞추어 최적의 알고리즘을 적용하는 것이 바람직할 것으로 판단된다.