• Title/Summary/Keyword: Incidence

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Estimation of Time Trends of Incidence of Prostate Canner - an Indian Scenario

  • Lalitha, Krishnappa;Suman, Gadicherla;Pruthvish, Sreekantaiah;Mathew, Aleyamma;Murthy, Nandagudi S.
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • v.13 no.12
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    • pp.6245-6250
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    • 2012
  • Background: With increase in life expectancy, adoption of newer lifestyles and screening using prostate specific antigen (PSA), the incidence of prostate cancer is on rise. Globally prostate cancer is the second most frequently diagnosed cancer and sixth leading cause of cancer death in men. The present communication makes an attempt to analyze the time trends in incidence for different age groups of the Indian population reported in different Indian registries using relative difference and regression approaches. Materials and Methods: The data published in Cancer Incidence in Five Continents for various Indian registries for different periods and/or publications by the individual registries served as the source materials. Trends were estimated by computing the mean annual percentage change (MAPC) in the incidence rates using the relative difference between two time periods (latest and oldest) and also by estimation of annual percentage change (EAPC) by the Poisson regression model. Results: Age adjusted incidence rates (AAR) of prostate cancer for the period 2005-2008 ranged from 0.8 (Manipur state excluding Imphal west) to 10.9 (Delhi) per $10^5$ person-years. Age specific incidence rates (ASIR) increased in all PBCRs especially after 55 years showing a peak incidence at +65 years clearly indicating that prostate cancer is a cancer of the elderly. MAPC in crude incidence rate(CR) ranged from 0.14 (Ahmedabad) to 8.6 (Chennai). Chennai also recorded the highest MAPC of 5.66 in ASIR in the age group of 65+. Estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) in the AAR ranged from 0.8 to 5.8 among the three registries. Increase in trend was seen in the 55-64 year age group cohort in many registries and in the 35-44 age group in Metropolitan cities such as Delhi and Mumbai. Conclusions: Several Indian registries have revealed an increasing trend in the incidence of prostate cancer and the mean annual percentage change has ranged from 0.14-8.6.

Cancer Incidence in the Korean Air Force Aircrew (한국 공군 공중근무자 암 발생 조사)

  • Lim, Jeong-Ku
    • Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
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    • v.19 no.4
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    • pp.99-104
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    • 2011
  • Pilots are exposed to carcinogenic substances like radiation, ozone, exhaust gas from jet engine, and electromagnetic wave, their environment can be very hazardous. I designed this study to know if there is any difference between pilots and general people in cancer incidence. I analyzed cancer cases between 1999 and 2008, and investigated their age, site, aircraft types, and sex. I compared pilot's cancer incidence with general people during same periods. Statistical analysis was performed with standardized incidence ratio (SIR). 10 cases were high performance pilots, 5 cases were low performance pilots. The average age when the diagnosis had been made was $39{\pm}7.8$. Pilot's incidence ratio was lower than people's, the most common cancer was kidney, and there was no lung cancer. Cancer is influenced by gene and environment, each country has different patterns. The low incidence ratio in Korean pilots might be due to "healthy worker effect". I think we should perform further investigation on kidney cancer.

Trend of Cancer Incidence in Nepal from 2003 to 2012

  • Poudel, Krishna Kanta;Huang, Zhibi;Neupane, Prakash Raj
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • v.17 no.4
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    • pp.2171-2175
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    • 2016
  • Trends in cancer incidence is a key tool to identify the pattern of cancer of any country. This retrospective study was performed to present the trends of change in cancer incidence in Nepal.The total number of cancer cases in males was 26,064 while the total number of females cancer cases was 29,867 throughout the 10 years from 2003 to 2012. The cancer incidence per 100,000 in males was 12.8 in 2003 and 25.8 people in 2012. Similarly, in females, the crude incidence rate was 15.1 in 2003 and 26.7 per 100,000 in 2012. Cancer incidence was low at early age but it was increased with age in both sexes in Nepal. Lung cancer was the most common cancer in males throughout, while it was the third most common cancer in females. Cervix uteri was the most common site of cancer in females throughout the 10 years, with a clear trend for increase in breast cancer within this time.

Numerical Study on Reverse Flow Charcteristics in an Axial Compressor Cascade (축류압축기 익렬에서의 역류 유동 특성에 대한 수치적 연구)

  • Sohn, Chang-Hyun;Longley, John Peter
    • Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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    • v.24 no.5
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    • pp.615-622
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    • 2000
  • Numerical simulation is performed with Denton's code to get pressure loss coefficients in wide range of reverse flow incidence(from -90 degree to +85 degree) for an axial compressor cascade. As a results, it is found that the pressure loss coefficient is increased with incidence and there exist critical incidence which corresponds to the maximum pressure loss coefficient. Pressure loss coefficient with bigger incidence than its critical value is decreased. The effect of increasing incidence in a cascade extremely reduce the mass flow rate by the large flow separation region. Consequently this effect reduce the portion of dynamic pressure in the total pressure loss and beyond the critical incidence the pressure loss coefficient decrease.

Studies on incidence of Bovine Brucellosis in Cheju-Do (제주도내 축우 부루셀라병 발생상황 조사)

  • 김우택;이완수;김공식
    • Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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    • v.14 no.2
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    • pp.104-109
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    • 1991
  • Tile present study was carried out to investigate the incidence of bovine brucellsis in Cheju-do during the period from 1985 to 1990. The results were summarized as follows. 1. In the total 239,238 cattles tested. 1180(0.49%) were positive by standard tube agglutination test during the period from 1985 to 1990. 2. The major causes of incidence on brucellosis was grazing with carriers and repeated incidence in a herd. 3. The 13 Brucella abortus biotype 1 isolated from 10(50%) of 20 cattles slaughtered on brucellosis in 1990.

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The study on the estimation of diffuse field absorption coefficient by using normal incidence impedance (수직입사 임피던스를 이용한 난입사 흡음율 예측 연구)

  • 유승국;김영찬;김두훈
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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    • 1998.04a
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    • pp.643-649
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    • 1998
  • This paper is to compare the absorption coefficient with normal incidence waves and it with diffuse incidence waves of glass wool which the most used absorption material and multi layer fiber. The absorption coefficient with normal incidence waves is calculated by surface impedance that measured by using an acoustic tube. Based on this data, the absorption. coefficient with diffuse incidence waves is predicted and is compared with measured the absorption coefficient in reverberation room.

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CENTER SYMMETRY OF INCIDENCE MATRICES

  • Lee, Woo
    • Communications of the Korean Mathematical Society
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    • v.15 no.1
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    • pp.29-36
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    • 2000
  • The T-ideal of F(X) generated by $x^{n}$ for all x $\in$ X, is generated also by the symmetric polynomials. For each symmetric poly-nomial, there corresponds one row of the incidence matrix. Finding the nilpotency of nil-algebra of nil-index n is equivalent to determining the smallest integer N such that the (n, N)-incidence matrix has rank equal to N!. In this work, we show that the (n, (equation omitted)$^{(1,....,n)}$-incidence matrix is center-symmetric.

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Distribution and incidence of potato virus Y in burley tobacco, (Burley종 잎담배 산지의 PVY 발생상황)

  • 박은경
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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    • v.5 no.1
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    • pp.19-23
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    • 1983
  • Potato virus Y (PVY) distribution, areas where the virus occurred, and incidence, Percentage of plants infected, on burley tobacco in Korea was surveyed in 1982. Most of the fields Investigated were infected with PVY. The virus incidence was 12.5%. District)union and incidence generally were sporadic, but Onyang, Hongseung and Iksan area virus incidence was higher than that of other areas. For strain identification, approximately 95% was nonnecrotic (PVY-VB) and 5olo necrotic strain (PVY-VN) .

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Estimation of the Projections of the Incidence Rates, Mortality and Prevalence Due to Common Cancer Site in Isfahan, Iran

  • Moradpour, Farhad;Fatemi, Zeinab
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • v.14 no.6
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    • pp.3581-3585
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    • 2013
  • Background: Accurate statistics on the cancer burden are essential, both for purposes of research and for setting priorities in healthcare management. So that in vast countries with partial registration coverage, such as Iran, local data are more useful. We here estimated the incidence, prevalence and mortality time trend of four major cancer site, lung, stomach, breast and prostate, over the period 2001-2010 and provided short-range projections to 2015 in Isfahan. Materials and Methods: Estimates were derived by applying the mortality-incidence analysis method, a back-calculation approach to estimate and project incidence, prevalence and mortality of chronic degenerative disease, starting from knowledge of mortality and relative survival information. Results: Age adjusted incidence, mortality and prevalence rates in Isfahan exhibited a clear upward trend for all four sites during the period 2001-2015, with marked increasees in prostate and breast predicted for the future. Difference in incidence trends between males and females might be attributable to the difference in risk factors specific to certain cancer sites, with smoking being the main risk factor. Conclusions: In this study, males and females displayed an increasing pattern for incidence and mortality rate over the entire study period until 2015. This information can be used as basis for planning healthcare management and allocating recourses in public health.

Epidemiology and Trends in Incidence of Kidney Cancer in Iran

  • Mirzaei, Maryam;Pournamdar, Zahra;Salehiniya, Hamid
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • v.16 no.14
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    • pp.5859-5861
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    • 2015
  • Background: Kidney cancer has shown an increasing trend in recent decades. This study aimed to determine change in the incidence rate between 2003 and 2009 in Iran. Materials and Methods: In this study, national cancer registry data were used. Crude incidence rates were calculated per 100,000 and age-standardized incidence rates (ASRs) were computed using the direct standardization method and the world standard population. Significant trend of incidence rates was examined by the Cochran-Armitage test for linear trend. Results: A total of 6,944 cases of kidney cancer were reported. The incidence cases increased from 595 patients in 2003 to 1,387 patients in 2009. Sex ratio (male to female) was 1.67. ASR also increased from 1.18 in 2003 to 2.52 in 2009 per 100,000, but the increasing trend was not significant. Conclusions: A slow increasing trend of incidence rate was observed in the study population. This may be due to an increase of risk factors. It is suggested to perform a study on risk factors for the cancer.