• Journal of Gifted/Talented Education
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.381-399
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to investigate teachers' perception of Advanced Placement Program. Participations of this study were 111 teachers from science high schools and gifted science high schools. The results showed as follows. First, teachers perceived positively regarding AP program and were willing to teach AP program. However, teachers perceived that schools were not ready to start AP program. Also, They perceived that teaching materials development, more teachers to teach AP programs, and teacher training programs were needed to set up AP Programs in science high schools. For the professional development, 60-hours teacher training program and incentive system for the AP teachers were needed. Implications of the study were discussed in depth based on the results.

• The Journal of shipping and logistics
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.657-675
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• 2018

This study examines various policy programs for the creation of green harbors in major ports in the Northwest of the United States and suggests ways to apply them to major ports in Korea. Based on the fuzzy analysis process, the importance of major policy programs for the development of green ports in Korea was compared and analyzed. As a result of importance analysis, the Green Ship Incentive Program and the Carbon Footprint Program were identified as the most important policies. The first policy programs that should be introduced to Incheon Port are the AMP installation operation program and a vessel slowing program around the seaport. In case of Busan Port, the AMP installation operation program, the vessel slowing program around the seaport, carbon footprint, and installation of DPF were found to be excellent policies. These results may provide practical implications for policy makers of port authorities which has conducted environmental projects.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.68-90
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• 2007

Nurse staffing level is an important factor that influences the quality of health service and patient outcomes. This study was carried out to examine the current state of acute hospital nurse staffing and find out factors that affect the nurse staffing level. Nurse staffing of individual hospitals was measured using the number of registered nurses per 100 beds. Descriptive and multiple regression analyses were conducted using 592 acute care hospitals' data. Regression model included structure factors such as referral level, ownership, medical and general staffing, and financial outcome factors such as occupancy rate, inpatient and outpatient revenues. Market characteristics included strength of competition, supply of nurses, and income and health status level of consumers. The average number of nurses per 100 beds was 28 and showed a great variation according to the referral level. Regression model explained this variation as much as 76.87%. Hospital structure variables which affecting the hospital nurse staffing level positively were ICU bed ratio, the staffing level of specialist, training doctor and employees except doctor and nursing personnel, while the negative factor was nurse aid staffing level. General hospitals employed more nurses than hospitals. Among outcome characteristics, occupancy rate and the amount of health insurance inpatient revenue affected positively on the hospital nurse staffing level. The more supply of the new nurse and the higher consumer income and health status in the medical service markets, the more nurses were employed by the medical institutes. According to the study result, hospitals employed more nurses when they had more financial incentive by increasing nurses. This means appropriate hospital incentive policy and regulation policy, which hospital violate nurse staffing level have to pay penality, should be needed. Clarifying job description between nurses and nurse aids and the reentry program for unemployed experienced nurses will be helpful to increase nurse staffing level.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.423-432
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• 2014

Purpose: This study was done to evaluate effectiveness of deep breathing exercise as a postoperative intervention to prevent pulmonary complications. Methods: A search of databases from 1990 to 2012 was done including MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Cochrane Library and eight Korean databases. Ten studies met eligibility criteria. Researchers trained in systematic review, independently assessed the methodological quality of selected studies using the Cochrane's risk of bias tool. Data were analyzed using RevMan 5.2 program. Results: Among ten RCTs in four studies, deep breathing exercise was compared with an instrument using interventions such as incentive spirometry, in the other four studies deep breathing exercise was compared with non-intervention, and in last two studies bundles of interventions including coughing and early ambulation were assessed. A significant difference was found between deep breathing exercise group and non-intervention group. The odds ratio (OR) of occurrence of pulmonary complications for deep breathing exercise versus non-intervention was 0.30. However, there was no significant difference between deep breathing exercise group and incentive spirometry group (OR=1.22). Conclusion: Deep breathing exercise is vital to improving cost-effectiveness and efficiency of patient care in preventing postoperative pulmonary complications. For evidence-based nursing, standardized guidelines for deep breathing in postoperative care should be further studied.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of IIIuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers Conference
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• 2009.10a
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• pp.163-167
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• 2009

Although the domestic electric power consumption of lighting have shared 20${\sim}$30 % of the national electric power consumption, the spread of lighting control system which can reduce the electric power consumption have been insignificant. The government have set the demonstration project and given the incentive to promote the spread of lighting control system since 2008. The M&V (Measurement and Verification) methodology for lighting control system have not been set yet in our country, but the direct measurement was suggested in US. The direct measurement methodology can increase the accuracy of measurement, but it cost much money to burden a customer. This study have suggested a new M&V methodology which cost low and is simple relatively. I had measured the amount of electric consumption through both the direct measurement and the new M&V program computation, and have analyzed the deviation. The amount of electric consumption measured by the new M&V program computation have agreed with one by the direct measurement within the error range of the instrumentation in case of lab scale test, and the 4${\sim}$8 % deviation have existed in case of field evaluation.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.279-288
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of breathing exercises performed using panflutes in elderly patients undergoing spinal surgery. Methods: The study design was a nonequivalent control group non-synchronized pre-post test. The study included 24 patients in both the experimental group and the control group. The experimental group completed a daily breathing exercise regimen using panflutes for 30minutes after meals, whereas the control group was provided standard preoperative education, including breathing exercises using incentive spirometers. After the exercise regimen, breathing exercise compliance, pulmonary infections, and life satisfaction were measured in both groups, and the data were analyzed using the SPSS/WIN program. Results: The compliance rate of breathing exercises was significantly higher in the experimental group. The experimental group presented no pulmonary infections in the later period, whereas the control group presented higher pulmonary infection rates in the same period. In addition, the life satisfaction score in the experimental group significantly increased. Conclusion: The breathing exercise program using panflutes for elderly patients undergoing spinal surgery enhanced their breathing exercise compliance and their daily life satisfaction in addition to reducing their pulmonary infection rates.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.127-136
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• 2012

The challenge facing the Korean National Health Insurance includes what to spend money on in order to elevate the 'value for money.' This article reviewed the changing issues associated with quality of care in the Korean health insurance system and envisioned a picture of an effective pay-for-performance (P4P) system in Korea taking into consideration quality of care and P4P systems in other countries. A review was made of existing systematic reviews and a recent Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development survey. An effective P4P in Korea was envisioned as containing three features: measures, basis for reward, and reward. The first priority is to develop proper measures for both efficiency and quality. For further improvement of quality indicators, an electronic system for patient history records should be built in the near future. A change in the level or the relative ranking seems more desirable than using absolute level alone for incentives. To stimulate medium- and small-scale hospitals to join the program in the next phase, it is suggested that the scope of application be expanded and the level of incentives adjusted. High-quality indicators of clinical care quality should be mapped out by combining information from medical claims and information from patient registries.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.78-84
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• 2017

Subcontractors have an increased risk of accidents compared to large contractors. Subcontractors' safety management system is in close association with workers in construction sites. Contractors should strengthen subcontractors' roll and responsibility and provide continual support to prevent an accident. And also these supporting system should be provided to subcontractors' headquarters as well as construction site. Contractors' priority management for subcontractors safety should be transferred from the post management for disciplinary action to the preventive management to improve subcontractors participation and safety performance. Subcontractors can not establish the safety management system with just a one time supporting only. Contractors support and monitoring should be provided to subcontractors regularly and continuously to establish their self safety management system. The subcontractors safety management system improvement program(SSMSIP) suggested in this study will be a effective supporting system for subcontractors to establish and improve their safety management system. If we carry out the objective and quantitative evaluations and supporting system such as SSMSIP and provide the consequential incentive program to subcontractors, it can contribute to the accident reduction.

• Journal of Engineering Education Research
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.59-68
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• 2015

This study was implemented for the purpose of analyzing the effects of Engineering Education Accreditation. Now, 15 years has passed adopting the engineering education system. We need to analyze the effect that this system has changed on the ground of engineering education, and it cultivated the human resource. In order to achieve the purpose of this study, the survey were done on the professors, graduates, and workers. The results and conclusions of this study are summarized as follows: First, it is urgent need to change the system of accreditation, and to get the public trust on assessment. Second, it is necessary to make circumstance that engineering education accreditation is advertised to the industries, and the industry can join the development, consulting, evaluation of curriculum. Third, government needs to make the policy that gives the incentive to the industries, if they give some merits to the accreditation graduates. Fourth, certificate of program graduate is desired to spread the accreditation proliferation. Fifth, government should systemize that accreditation program can get advantage to be selected for the public finance business(e.g. BK, LINC).. It will impact the quality Improvement and accountability of engineering programs.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.7-16
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• 2021

Purpose: This study intends to examine how VMI with consignment performs over time and find out its on-going impacts on the individual supply chain member's achievement. Research design, data, and methodology: This study formulates the mathematical model that represents two-stage supply chain system. By analyzing the numerical examples, this study compares VMI with consignment with the traditional system. Results: VMI with consignment eventually makes higher supply chain profit than the traditional system, even though it's early performance is poor. The influence of VMI with consignment on the performance of the supply chain member is distinct depending on the individual member and time. The consignment may not be helpful to increase the system profit, but it reduces the manufacturer's burden of costs. Conclusions: VMI with consignment improves the supply chain performance after all, and it still takes times until its benefit becomes fully realized. To be a successful collaboration program, VMI with consignment requires a carefully designed incentive scheme that provides the timely compensation to the individual supply chain members. This study also finds out that the consignment contract of this collaboration program plays a role of financially supporting the manufacturer at the early stage of its implementation.