• Advances in Energy Research
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.97-106
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• 2013

This study designs and tests a photovoltaic system with distributed maximum power point tracking (DMPPT) methodology using a field programmable gate array (FPGA) controller. Each solar panel in the distributed PV system is equipped with a newly designed DC/DC converter and the panel's voltage output is regulated by a FPGA controller using PI control. Power from each solar panel on the system is optimized by another controller where the quadratic maximization MPPT algorithm is used to ensure the panel's output power is always maximized. Experiments are carried out at atmospheric insolation with partial shading conditions using 4 amorphous silicon thin film solar panels of 2 different grades fabricated by Chi-Mei Energy. It is found that distributed MPPT requires only 100ms to find the maximum power point of the system. Compared with the traditional centralized PV (CPV) system, the distributed PV (DPV) system harvests more than 4% of solar energy in atmospheric weather condition, and 22% in average under 19% partial shading of one solar panel in the system. Test results for a 1.84 kW rated system composed by 8 poly-Si PV panels using another DC/DC converter design also confirm that the proposed system can be easily implemented into a larger PV power system. Additionally, the use of NI sbRIO-9642 FPGA-based controller is capable of controlling over 16 sets of PV modules, and a number of controllers can cooperate via the network if needed.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제25권9호
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• pp.692-701
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• 2012

Recently, many lead-free piezoelectric materials have been investigated for the replacement of existing Pb-based piezoelectric ceramics because of globally increasing environmental interest. There has been remarkable improvement in piezoelectric properties of some lead-free ceramics such as $(Bi,Na)TiO_3-(Bi,K)TiO_3-BaTiO_3$, $(Na,K)NbO_3-LiSbO_3$, and so on. However, no one still has comparable piezoelectric properties to lead-based materials. Therefore, new lead-free piezoelectric ceramics are required. $BiFeO_3$ has a rhombohedrally distorted perovskite structure at room temperature and a very high Curie temperature ($T_C$= 1,100 K). And a very large electric polarization of 50 ~ 60 ${\mu}C/cm^2$ has been reported both in epitaxial thin film and single crystal $BiFeO_3$. Therefore, a high piezoelectric effect is expected also in a $BiFeO_3$ ceramics. The recent research activities on $BiFeO_3$ or $BiFeO_3$-based solid solutions are reviewed in this article.

• 센서학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.103-111
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• 2003

$Si_3N_4/SiO_2/Si_3N_4$ 열차단막을 이용한 크로멜-알루멜(chromel-alumel) 열전(thermoelectric) 유량센서를 제작하였다. 백금 박막 히터의 저항온도계수는 약 $0.00397/^{\circ}C$이었고, 크로멜-알루멜 열전쌍(thermocouple)의 Seebeck 계수는 약 $36\;{\mu}V/K$이었다. 기체의 열전도도가 증가할수록 유량센서가 나타내는 열기전력은 감소하였으며, 히터의 온도가 증가하거나 히터와 열전쌍 사이의 간격이 감소할수록 유량센서의 $N_2$ 유량에 대한 감도는 증가하였다. 히터 전압을 약 2.5 V로 하였을 때 유량센서의 $N_2$ 유량에 대한 감도는 약 $1.5\;mV/sccm^{1/2}$이었고, 열 응답시간은 약 0.18초이었다. 크로멜-알루멜 열전 유량센서의 유량감도에 있어서 선형 범위가 Bi-Sb 유랑센서의 것보다 더 넓게 나타났다.