• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.264-270
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• 2007

Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is defined by sleep apnea with decreased oxygen saturation, excessive snoring with daytime sleepiness, and frequent awakening during the night time sleep. The present study was performed to investigate how apnea-hypopnea, that possibly causes breathing disturbance during sleep, can affect sleep pattern in patients with OSAS. We included 115 patients (92 men, 23 women) who underwent a polysomnography from January 2006 to May 2007. As the frequency of sleep apnea-hypopnea increases, the proportion of non-rapid eye movement (REM) sleep (p<0.001), and stage I sleep (p<0.001) increased, while that of stage II sleep (p<0.001), stage III and IV sleep (p<0.01), and REM sleep (p<0.05) decreased. Furthermore, sleep apnea-hypopnea was closely correlated with REM sleep (r=0.314, p<0.001), stage I sleep (r=0.719, p<0.001), stage II sleep (p=-0.342, p<0.05), stage III and IV sleep (r=-0.414, p<0.001), and REM sleep (r=-0.342, p<0.05). Stage I sleep could account for the 51% of the variance of apnea-hyponea. Our study shows sleep apnea-hypopnea affects sleep pattern in pattern with OSAS significantly, and the change of stage I sleep is the most important factor in estimating the disturbance of sleep pattern.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.46 no.5
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• pp.653-662
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the influences of oral health behaviors, depression, and stress on periodontal disease in pregnant women. Methods: The participants in this study were 129 pregnant women. Data were collected using questionnaires which included individual characteristics, oral health care behaviors, the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression scale (CES-D), a global measure of perceived stress, and pregnancy stress. A dentist measured periodontal probing depth and classified stages of periodontal disease according to the Community Periodontal Index (CPI). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression. Results: Periodontal disease had significant correlations with oral health care behaviors (r=-.56, p <.001), perceived stress (r=.44 p <.001), pregnancy stress (r=.37 p <.001), diet (r=-.33, p <.001) and depression (r=.18 p =.046). Factors influencing periodontal disease for these pregnant women were being in the 2nd (${\beta}=.27$, p <.001) or 3rd trimester (${\beta}=.45$, p <.001), having a pregnancy induced disease (${\beta}=.20$, p =.002), performing higher oral health behaviors (${\beta}=-.30$, p <.001), and having higher perceived stress (${\beta}=.17$, p =.028). The explanation power of this regression model was 61.6% (F=15.52, p <.001). Conclusion: The findings of this study indicated that periodic assessment of periodontal disease is essential for pregnant women who are in 2nd or 3rd trimester and have pregnancy induced diseases. Enhancing oral health care behaviors and reducing perceived stress are indicated as effective strategies to reduce periodontal disease in pregnant women.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.653-664
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• 2017

This study added stevia leaf powder at ratios of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 percent to Omija-pyun (Schisandra chinensis Jelly) as a natural low-calorie sweetener instead of sugar which is added to Omija-pyun in considerable amounts to evaluate quality characteristics and antioxidant activities compared to the control group with the addition of sugar. Moisture content of Omija-pyun expanded by increasing the measurement of stevia leaf powder (p<0.001), pH (p<0.01) and sugar content (p<0.001) decreased. L-values and b-values revealed a tendency to increase by adding more stevia leaf powder, but a-value revealed a tendency to decrease (p<0.001). Hardness (p<0.001) and chewiness (p<0.05) decreased by adding more stevia leaf powder. Based on the consumer preference evaluation, Omija-pyun with the addition of 0.5 percent stevia leaf powder was the most preferable in terms of color and flavor (p<0.001). The control group and Omija-pyun with the addition of 0.5 percent stevia leaf powder was the most preferable in terms of taste and texture (p<0.001). There were significant differences in the organoleptic properties except hardness between the samples by quantitative descriptive analysis. The control group revealed the highest preference in terms of redness and transparency, and redness and transparency tended to decrease by adding more stevia leaf powder (p<0.001). Organoleptic properties on bitterness and sourness were enhanced by adding more stevia leaf powder in the principal component analysis (PCA). Regarding antioxidant properties, total phenol compounds and flavonoid contents of Omija-pyun increased by adding more stevia leaf powder, and DPPH radical scavenging capacity also increased (p<0.001). Based on results, it is preferable to serve Omija-pyun with the addition of 1.0 percent stevia leaf powder instead of sugar within the context of quality and antioxidant activity.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.145-153
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• 2022

Purpose : This study aimed to investigate the effects of blended learning on learning satisfaction in nursing students. Methods : This study was conducted with 160 current nursing students in the department of nursing at K university located in city B. All students included in the study understood the purpose of the study and provided informed consent to participate. Data were collected between May 3 and July 9, 2021 and analyzed using SPSS/WIN 22.0. The frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation were created, and t-test, ANOVA, and Scheffé test for post hoc analysis were performed. Correlations were analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient. The factors influencing learning satisfaction were analyzed using multiple regression. Results : Significant differences were observed for academic stress according to the online classes environmental satisfaction (F=4.10, p=.001), online classes experience (t=4.11, p=.001) and self-directed learning ability according to the grade (F=4.10, p=.001), online classes environmental satisfaction (t=4.11, p=.001). The academic stress of nursing students who experienced blended learning was significantly negatively correlated with self-directed learning ability (r=-.480, p<.001), and learning satisfaction (r=-.236, p<.001). self-directed learning ability showed a significant positive correlation with learning satisfaction (r=.524, p<.001). The regression model for the factors affecting the learning satisfaction of the subjects was statistically significant (F= 3.027, p<.001). The major influential factors of learning satisfaction were grade (𝛽=.154, p=.013), satisfaction with school life (𝛽=.168, p=.032), and satisfaction with non-contact learning environment (𝛽=-.141, p=.028). The explanatory power was 28 %. Conclusion : These results indicate that it is necessary to reduce academic stress and increase self-directed learning ability to enhance learning satisfaction in nursing students through blended learning. In addition, the development and operation of a tailored intervention program is required to help improve learning satisfaction.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.7
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• pp.4318-4328
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• 2014

This study examined the relationship between the emotional labor, job stress and eating attitudes among clinical nurses. The data was collected from 434 clinical nurses in G city, from February 21 to March 31, 2013 and analyzed using the SPSS 17.0 program. The mean levels of the clinical nurse's emotional labor, job stress and eating attitudes were 3.53, 3.81 and 2.27, respectively. The emotional labor showed a significant positive correlation between job stress (r= .570, p=<.001) and eating attitudes (r= .114, p<.05). In addition, the factors affecting the eating attitude were BMI (${\beta}$=262, p<.001), weight loss exercise (${\beta}$=.203, p<.001), internal medicine (${\beta}$=178, p<.001), surgery (${\beta}$ =.102, p=.043), and emotional labor (${\beta}$=106, p=0.49). These variables accounted for 16.8% of the variance in eating attitudes among clinical nurses. Therefore, working with differentiated departmental programs will be required to improve the eating attitudes and the BMI.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.27-33
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of clinical nurses' sleep disorder, organizational support, and health promotion behaviors on professional quality of life. The subjects were 256 nurses working in hospitals in more than 200 and less than 300 beds hospital in B and G cities. The data were collected from September 4, 2017 to September 11, 2017. The collected data were analyzed by frequency analysis t-test, ANOVA, Scheffé test, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and multiple regression analysis using SPSS WIN 20.0. Burnout rate was 28.90± 4.00, burnout was associated with sleep disorder(r=-.321, p<.001), organizational support(r=-.321, p<.001), health promoting behavior(r=-,519 p<.001) showing a negative correlation. The factors affecting burnout were organizational support(β=-.113, p=.045), sleep disorder(β=-.129, p<.040), gender(β=-.131, p=.024), health promotion behaviors(β=-.423, p<.001) and the explanatory power was 32.2%. Based on these results, we aim to provide basic data for the development of various programs that can control burnout of nurses.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.22 no.7
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• pp.432-442
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• 2022

This study aimed to investigate depression, fatigue, and role-overload in nurses caring for COVID-19 patients and identify factors affecting depression. Data were collected from 142 nurses caring for COVID-19 patients at four designated COVID-19 hospitals using self-report questionnaires, from September 8, 2020, to September 17, 2020. The subjects' scores for depression, fatigue, and role-overload were 14.51±9.54, 3.19±0.64, and 3.30±0.64 points, respectively. Depression was positively correlated with fatigue (r=.40, p<.001) and role-overload (r=.30, p<.001), and fatigue was positively correlated with role-overload (r=.54, p<.001). Factors affecting depression included fatigue (β=.23, p=.014), health status (moderate: β=.28, p=.001; unhealthy: β=.26, p=.002), and hospital type (university hospital: β=.18, p=.024). The explanatory power (R²) of the model was 28.1%. In order to manage the nurse's depression level, a strategy for lowering the fatigue level and a strategy for improving the nurse's health statue are needed.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.361-368
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• 2023

Objectives: This study investigated the oral health and quality of life of patients with hypertension using the raw data of the 8th National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, the second year (2020) and 1,269 subjects were analyzed. Methods: The data underwent frequency analysis, descriptive statistics, general linear model analysis, and linear regression analysis using SPSS Statistics 26.0. Results: The quality of life (EuroQol-5 dimension: EQ-5D) of patients with hypertension was surveyed at 0.92 points/1 point. Quality of life according to general characteristics showed significant differences in gender (p<0.001), age (p<0.001), household income (p<0.001), and education level (p<0.001). Quality of life according to oral health showed significant differences in chewing discomfort (p<0.001), speaking discomfort (p<0.001), oral examination (p=0.004), toothache experience (p=0.020), subjective oral health (p<0.001) and oral care product use (p=0.006). Factors affecting quality of life were gender, age, household income, education level, chewing discomfort (B=-0.027, p=0.018), speaking discomfort (B=-0.049, p=0.026), toothache experience (B=-0.018, p=0.027) and subjective oral health (B=0.022, p<0.001). Conclusions: Based on the above results, it was confirmed that the oral health of patients with hypertension is a factor influencing the quality of life; thus, it is considered that it will be used as basic data for research on measures to improve oral health and quality of life.

• Annals of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.63-69
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• 2023

Methods: Patients who underwent cholecystectomy were classified into two groups according to their GBWT status (GBWT+ vs. GBWT-). Results: Among 1,211 patients who underwent cholecystectomy, GBWT+ was seen in 177 (14.6%). The GBWT+ group was significantly older with more males, higher ASA score, higher alkaline phosphatase level, higher international normalized ratio, and lower albumin level than the GBWT- group. On ultrasound, GBWT+ patients had larger stone size, more pericholecystic fluid, more common bile duct stone, and more biliary pancreatitis. Compared with the GBWT- group, the GBWT+ group had more urgent surgeries (12.4% vs. 3.2%, p = 0.001), higher conversion rate (4.5% vs. 0.3%, p = 0.001), prolonged operative time (67 ± 38 vs. 54 ± 29 min; p = 0.001), more bleeding (3.4% vs. 0.5%, p = 0.002), and more need of drain (21.5% vs. 10.5%, p = 0.001). By multivariate analysis, factors associated with increased length of hospital stay were GBWT+ (HR: 1.97, 95% CI: 1.19-3.25, p = 0.008), urgent surgery (HR: 10.2, 95% CI: 4.07-25.92, p = 0.001), prolonged surgery (HR: 1.01, 95% CI: 1.0-1.02, p = 0.001), and postoperative drain (HR: 11.3, 95% CI: 6.40-20.0, p = 0.001). Conclusions: Variables such as GBWT ≥ 5 mm, urgent prolonged operation, and postoperative drains are independent predictors of extended hospital stay. GBWT+ patients are twice likely to stay in hospital for more than 72 hours and more prone to develop complications than GBWT- patients.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.103-111
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• 2020

This study investigated how the awareness about marriage, the value of children, and the motivation for childrearing influences childbirth will in nursing students. The data was collected from May 1 to May 30, 2019, and 248 data samples were finally used for analysis. The collected data was analyzed using the SPSS /WIN 22.0 program. Descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation coefficients, t-tests, ANOVA, Scheffe's test and multiple regression analysis were all calculated. The average of awareness about marriage was 3.39±.38, the average of the value of children was 2.72±0.39, the average motivation of childrearing was 2.73±0.78 and the average of childbirth will was 3.12±0.48. The childbirth will according to the general characteristics, was significantly different according to age (F=6.002, p=.003). Among the awareness about marriage, conservative view on marriage(r=.207, p=.001), active view on marriage(r=.226, p<.001), instrumental view on marriage(r=.181, p=.004), and motivation of childrearing(r=.283, p<.001) showed positive correlation ed with childbirth will. Childbirth will was negatively correlated with passive view on marriage (r=-.292, p<.001), and the value of children (r=-.226, p<.001). The factors affecting childbirth will of the study subjects were age(β=.155, p=.007), passive view on marriage(β=-.383, p<.001), motivation of childrearing (β=.315, p<.001), and the explanatory power was 23.6%. According to this study, it is necessary to confirm the effects of developing an intervention program and applying this program to improve the decisions of nursing students concerning marriage and having children.