• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.56-66
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• 2010

Objectives: The study aimed to explore dental status and denture satisfaction in some rural elderly people. Methods: A total of 546 participants aged over 65 years was surveyed cross-sectionally. The subjects were surveyed with regard to their denture satisfaction by a structured questionnaire. The Wilcoxon or Kruskal-Wallis test was used for analysis. Results: As for respondents' satisfaction for dentures by the Likert scale of 5 score, aesthetic satisfaction (3.73) was highest, followed by general satisfaction (3.56) and masticatory functions satisfaction (3.45). In addition, the educational level, occupation, monthly income, the number of remaining teeth, use of denture variables have statistically significant difference in the denture satisfaction of those elderly people interviewed. Conclusions: The results showed that denture satisfaction in some rural elderly people was different in each categories. Consequently, providing tailor-made oral health education programs for the effective denture management of the elderly people should be needed in order to improve the quality of life of the aged.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.838-850
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• 2015

In this study, dilute acid pretreatment was operated using small-diameter Quercus mongolica for evaluating the yield change of furfural and levulinic acid depending on pretreatment factors. The dilute acid pretreatment was conducted depending on reaction temperature ($140-180^{\circ}C$), reaction time (10-30 min), and sulfuric acid concentration (0-2%, w/w). Then, glucose, XMG (xylose + mannose + galactose), furfural, and levulinic acid contents in the liquid hydrolyzate were measured and analyzed after pretreatment. Glucose content increased to 16.02% as reaction temperature, reaction time, and sulfuric acid concentration increased, but it decreased at the sulfuric acid concentration of 2% (reaction temperature: > $170^{\circ}C$, reaction time: > 20 min). On the other hand, reaction temperature had a strong influenced on XMG content, and XMG content decreased to 1.63% through increasing of reaction temperature and sulfuric acid concentration, but XMG content was less affected by changes of reaction time. Furfural content increased with the increase of reaction temperature, reaction time, and sulfuric acid concentration, and maximum furfural content was 7.61% (reaction temperature: $180^{\circ}C$, reaction time: 20 min, sulfuric acid concentration: 1%) based on a weight of raw material, while furfural content was dropped in more severe condition than in maximum furfural content condition. Levulinic acid content also increased with higher reaction temperature, reaction time, and sulfuric acid concentration. Especially, the sharp increase of levulinic acid content was observed above $170^{\circ}C$, and maximum levulinic acid content was 10.98% (reaction temperature: $180^{\circ}C$, reaction time: 30 min, sulfuric acid concentration: 2%). However, less than 1% of furfural and levulinic acid content was obtained in non-acidic catalyst condition that in whole conditions of reaction temperature and reaction time.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.24 no.10
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• pp.1102-1109
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• 2014

Chungkookjang has several functional properties, such as fibrinolytic activity, anticancer effects, and antioxidant effects. However, children do not like Chungkookjang because of its foul odor. A mixed culture of Bacillus subtilis MC31 and Lactobacillus sakei 383 was used to improve the production of GABA in Chungkookjang and its flavor. Most of the foul odor of Chungkookjang was removed. The slime content and viscosity of Chungkookjang fermented in the mixed culture were similar to those of commercial Chungkookjang when B. subtilis MC31 and Lactobacillus sakei 383 were inoculated in a 1:1 ratio. The maximum GABA content was obtained when Chungkookjang was fermented with B. subtilis MC31 and L. sakei 383, which was fermented at $37^{\circ}C$ for 72 hr. During the period of fermentation, the viable cell number of B. subtilis MC31 reached a peak (log 9.13 CFU/g) at six days, and L. sakei 383 reached a peak (log 6.78 CFU/g) at two days. The moisture, crude ash, crude protein, crude fat, and crude fiber contents were 61.71%, 2.05%, 17.54%, 8.36%, and 1.95%, respectively. The amino-type nitrogen content of Chungkookjang fermented by B. subtilis MC31 and L. sakei 383 was less than Chungkookjang fermented by B. subtilis MC31 alone. The ammonia-type nitrogen and reducing sugar content of the Chungkookjang fermented by B. subtilis MC31 and L. sakei 383 were higher than that of steamed soybean. The glutamic acid and GABA content detected with an amino acid analyzer were 1.40 mg/g and 0.47 mg/g, respectively. These results suggest that fermentation with B. subtilis MC31 and L. sakei 383 in a 1:1 ratio removes more of the foul odor and increases the GABA content compared with single fermentation.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.255-264
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• 2017

To evaluate the water quality changes in agricultural reservoir covered with floating photovoltaic solar-tracking systems, the water quality variations with time and depth were monitored on both six sites for light blocking zones and four sites for light penetration zones after the installation of floating photovoltaic solar-tracking systems in Geumgwang reservoir at Anseong-si, Kyeonggi province. For one year with 16 monitoring events, water quality parameters [i.e., water temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), chlorophyll-a (Chl-a), and blue-green algae (BGA)] were monitored at depths of 0.3 m, 1 m, 3 m, and 5 m, while chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP) were monitored at depths of 0.3 m. Statistically, the difference in all water quality parameters was not significantly different (p > 0.05) at the level of significance of 0.05. Based on these results, the water quality data from light blocking zones (site 1~6) and light penetration zones (site 7~10) were clustered, and were compared with time and depth. As a result, the difference in water temperature, pH, DO, COD, TN, TP, Chl-a, and BGA between light blocking zones and light penetration zones was not significant (p > 0.05) with different time and depth. For Chl-a and BGA, some data from light blocking zones greater than light penetration zones were temporary observed due to the severe drought, low water storage rate, and over growth of periphyton. However, this temporal phenomenon did not impact the water quality. Considering the small water surface area (${\leq}0.5%$) covered by floating photovoltaic solar-tracking systems, the mixing effect of whole Geumgwang reservoir caused by Ekman current and continuous discharge were more dominant than the effect of reduced solar irradiance. Further study is warranted to monitor the changes in water quality and aquatic ecosystems with greater water surface area covered by floating photovoltaic solar-tracking systems for a long time.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.693-702
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• 2015

In order to identify the species and to reveal the phylogenetic relationship of rook populations found in Jeju-do Province in winter seasons, we determined the sequences of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) gene and analyzed the genetic structure of maternal lineages and phylogenetic relationship. The rook DNAs were isolated from the post-mortem specimens and plumages collected from agricultural farms in Jeju-do Province including U-do Island. The obtained COI sequences (n=41) showed over 97.0% identities with those previously reported from Corvus frugeligus. Three COI haplotypes (J01-J03) were detected from COI sequences of the rooks obtained in Jeju-do Province but those did not show the site-specific patterns, showing that they might be derived from a common maternal origin. Eight maternal haplotypes were detected from all COI sequences obtained. Among those three haplotypes contained the COI sequences from Northeast Asia including eastern Russia, Mongolia and South Korea. On the other hand, the other five haplotypes contained the COI sequences reported from Central Asia, Middle East, western Russia and European countries. The COI sequences from Jeju-do Province were located on three haplotypes (CF01-CF03) belonging to Northeast Asian rook lineages. The NJ tree showed the distinct branch patterns suggesting two different maternal lineages of C. frugilegus, which proposed as two parapatric subspecies, C. f. frugilegus (Western) and C. f. pastinator (Eastern). These findings using DNA barcoding approaches will be contributed to provide the information about avian fauna for understanding the genetic structure of maternal lineage, phylogenetic relationship and their molecular ecology.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2010

Purpose : Recently, vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) have become one of the major nosocomial pathogens in Korea. However, there have been few studies on the epidemiology of VRE colonization among neonates. In this study, we investigated the prevalence of VRE colonization, risk factors for VRE, and how to control the spread of VRE infection in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) of Pusan National University Hospital (PNUH). Methods : We retrospectively reviewed medical records of 192 neonates who were admitted to the NICU of PNUH from March 2006 to March 2007. Surveillance cultures from rectal swabs for detecting VRE were obtained weekly during the study period. We analyzed the prevalence of VRE and various risk factors. Results : The rate of VRE colonization among NICU patients was 25% (48/192). Thirty five of these VRE colonized patients were transferred to the NICU from other local hospitals. Compared with the non-VRE group, the risk factors associated with VRE colonization were lower birth weight, congenital heart disease, applied mechanical ventilation, use of a central venous catheter, chest tubing, a history of surgery, and use of antibiotics. Conclusion : VRE colonization among patients admitted to the NICU is rapidly increasing. Monitoring and managing premature neonates from the beginning of the birth process, avoiding many invasive procedures, avoiding antibiotics such as vancomycin and third generation cephalosporin are important for preventing the emergence and spread of VRE colonization in the NICU.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.48 no.12
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• pp.1324-1329
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• 2005

Purpose : The aim of this study was to evaluate recent improvements in the survival rate of extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants and to identify perinatal and management factors that are associated with improved survival. Methods : Two groups of ELBW infants who were admitted to our neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) during two distinct eras : November 1994-December 1999 (Period 1 : n=100) and January 2000-April 2004 (Period 2 : n=166) were retrospectively reviewed. Results : Despite the younger gestational age and smaller birth weight of the ELBW infants in period 2, not only did their survival rate increased to 75 percent from 60 percent in period 1, but their incidence of morbidities such as bronchopulmonary dysplasia, confimed sepsis and intraventricular hemorrhage (${\geq}$Grade III) also declined. Factors significantly associated with improved survival included the use of antenatal steroids, a longer duration of nasal continuous positive airway pressure and the absence of intraventricular hemorrhage (${\geq}$Grade III). Conclusion : We believe that optimized clinical practice, that emphasized less invasive care, contributed to the recent improvements in the survival rate of ELBW infants.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.38-45
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• 2005

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to analyze the therapeutic effect of plasmapheresis in various pediatric diseases. Methods : Therapeutic plasmapheresis was performed by COBE Spectra centrifugation. Nine cases were included in this study. The number an[;. method of plasmapheresis, together with the progress and prognosis of each case were retrospectively reviewed. Results : The patients' ages ranged from 26 mont]Is to 16 years of age, and the mean age was 9.9 years. There were S males and 4 females. The underlying diseases requiring plasmapheresis included 2 cases of hemolytic uremic svndrome(HUS), 1 case of lupus nephritis, 2 cases of rapidly Progressive glomerulonephritis(RPGN), 1 case of focal segmental glomorulosclerosis(FSGS), 1 case of systemic vasculitis after pulmonary hemorrhage, 1 case of acute renal failure associated with pulmonary hemoIThage, and 1 case of acute rejection after renal transplantation. The average number of plasmapheresis performed was 6.2 times with a range of 3 to 13 times. The patients with HUS, lupus nephritis, ANCA positive systemic vasculitis induced by pulmonary hemorrhage and ARF-associated pulmonary hemorrhage showed a good response to therapeutic plasmapheresis, but the patients with RPGN, refractory FSGS, and acute rejection after renal transplantation were not responsive to treatment. The most common side effect was hypocalcemia which was rarely symptomatic. Vital signs were not compromised. Conclusion : Although it is presumptuous to generalize the therapeutic effects of plasma pheresis in different diseases due to the small number of study subjects, this study shows that plasmapheresis may be an effective therapeutic modality in various pediatrics diseases and should be considered as a therapeutic option.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.582-591
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• 2022

This study was conducted to eliminate Myocastor coypusMolina, 1782 (Nutria) from Jeju Special Self-Governing Province, South Korea. Habitat identification and eradication were carried out from September to November 2013, and a survey was carried out until June 2022 to check whether the eradication was successful. The habitat was identified with unmanned cameras, interviews, and literature surveys, and the capture was performed using the trapping method with food to attract nutria to the habitat area. The study area for the follow-up survey, which was set relatively wide considering nutria's home range, included wetlands and rivers within 4.0 km² of the habitat area (eradication area). As a result, nutria's habitat was confirmed only at Songdang Ranch, Songdang-ri, of Jeju Island, with traces of habitat (footprints, excrement, and burrows) confirmed in waterways and ponds within the pasture. Eight individuals were captured, including four females, three males, and one individual in too advanced a state of decay to identify the sex. The follow-up survey thoroughly investigated the habitat and its surroundings, focusing on three areas with permanent water, Seongeup Reservoir, Cheonmi Creek, and Molsuni Pond, but no signs of habitat were identified. Therefore, it is determined that nutria inhabiting Jeju Island has been completely eradicated. It is believed that the successful eradication of nutria in the Jeju Special Autonomous Region was possible due to a synergy between 1) the eradication of nutria at the beginning of the settlement phase through rapid capture after confirming the nutria habitat and 2) the delayed expansion period because of rare presence of wetlands, where water is constantly stagnant, on Jeju Island. These results imply that quickly identifying the ecological characteristics of the species and preventing disturbances before they or at the beginning of the ecological disturbance through control and eradication at the initial stage of settlement before the expansion stage is an effective measure to cope with the influx of alien species.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.301-306
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• 2004

This study was conducted to develop new markers at the region that was related to QTL affecting intramuscular fat and backfat thickness on chromosome 6q28 - 6q32 in pigs. Dozens of repeated sequences were founded using shotgun sequencing of several BAC clones corresponding to that region, of which five new microstellite markers that identified polymorphism were discovered. The mean number of alleles at each locus observed 2.13(KP0290F2), 4.63(KP0248Cll), 7.38(KP1231C91), 2.75(KPI23IC92) and 6.2S(KP1231C93) in 8 breeds(Landrace, Korean native pig, Duroc, Yorkshire, Berkshire, Wuzhishan pig, Xiang pig, Min pig). The average estimated heterozygosity values at each locus varied from 0.2100(KP0290F2) to 0.8304(KPI23IC91) in all populations. In other hand, the average allele of all loci WlL'I within range of 0.4517(Berkshire) and 0.6957 (Yorkshire). Of these markers, KP0248C11, KP1231C91 and KP1231C93 were identified to have optimal number of alleles, high heterozygosity values and low standard deviation values. Especially, KPI23IC91 and KPI231C93 might be considered as a useful marker for genetic mapping and diversity study.