• 수면정신생리
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.1-14
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• 1997

This paper reviewed models to explain memory and neuropsychological tests to assess memory. Memory was explained in cognitive and neuroanatomical perspectives, Cognitive model describes memory as structure and process. In structure model, memory is divided into three systems: sensory memory, short-term memory(working memory), and long-term memory. In process model, there are broadly three categories of memory process: encoding, storage, and retrieval. Memory process work in memory structure. There are two prominent models of the neuroanatomy of memory, derived from the work of Mishkin and Appenzeller and that of Squire and Zola-Morgan. These two models are the most useful for the clinician in part because they take into account the connections between the limbic and frontal cortical regions. The major difference between the two models concerns the role of the amygdala in memory processess. Mishkin and his colleagues believe that the amygdala plays a significant role while Squire and his colleagues do not. The most popular and widely used tests of memory ability such as WMS-R, AVLT, CVLT, HVLT. RBMT, CFT, and BVRT-R, were reviewed.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.1170-1180
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• 2000

This study was a quasi-experimental study to confirm the effects of a memory training program using efficacy sources. The purpose was to develop an effective memory training program for elderly people and to identify the effects of the memory training program. This study was carried out between February 24 and July 18, 1999 and the subjects of the study were 102 elderly people who were participants at a welfare institute in Seoul. The experimental group (51) and the control group (51) were assigned by means of participation order. The control group was matched to the experimental group and was selected considering age, sex, and religion. The experimental group participated in the memory training program. The memory training program was based on the literature of Fogler & Stern (1994), Wang & Lee (1990), Lee (1991) and Lee (1993). The memory training program was given twice a week for two weeks with each program lasting two hours. Task centered memory self-efficacy was measured using the Memory Self-Efficacy Scale developed by Berry & Dennehey (1989) and Meta Memory was measured by the MIA developed by Dixon et al. (1988) Memory performance was measured by the word list developed by Cho Sung Won (1995) and the face recognition task (Face Recognition Task developed for this study). Data were analyzed by SPSS PC and the results are described below. 1. The experimental group which participated in the Memory Training Program showed higher task centered memory self-efficacy scores as compared to the control group (t=4.354, P=.0001). 2. The experimental group which participated in the Memory Training Program showed higher metamemory scores as compared to the control group (t=4.733, P=.0001). 3. The experimental group which participated in the Memory Training Program showed higher memory performance scores as compared to the control group (t=7.500, P=.0001). The memory performance involved an immediate word recall task, a delayed word recall task, a word recognition task, and the face recognition task. 4. In the experimental group, there was significant correlation between the task centered memory self-efficacy scores and the metamemory scores (r=.382, P=.006), but the correlation between the task centered memory self-efficacy scores and the memory performance scores and between the metamemory scores and the memory performance scores were not significant. The results showed that task centered memory self-efficacy, meta memory and memory performance improved following the Memory Training Program including the memory process, changes in memory with aging, and appropriate use of memory strategies. Memory Training Program is an effective nursing intervention for improving memory in elderly people and, also, in people with complaints of memory loss.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.293-296
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• 2012

Memory reconsolidation is ubiquitous across species and various memory tasks. It is a dynamic process in which memory is modified and/or updated. In experimental conditions, memory reconsolidation is usually characterized by the fact that the consolidated memory is disrupted by a combination of memory reactivation and inhibition of protein synthesis. However, under some experimental conditions, the reactivated memory is not disrupted by inhibition of protein synthesis. This so called "boundary condition" of reconsolidation may be related to memory strength. In Pavlovian fear conditioning, the intensity of unconditional stimulus (US) determines the strength of the fear memory. In this study, we examined the effect of the intensity of US on the reconsolidation of contextual fear memory. Strong contextual fear memory, which is conditioned with strong US, is not disrupted by inhibition of protein synthesis after its reactivation; however, a weak fear memory is often disrupted. This suggests that a US of strong intensity can inhibit reconsolidation of contextual fear memory.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제19권7호
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• pp.1460-1468
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• 2005

Two possible shape memory processes, austenite to detwinned martensite transformation and twinned martensite to detwinned martensite transformation of a shape memory alloy have been modeled and examined. Eshelby's equivalent inclusion method with Mori-Tanaka's mean field theory is used for modeling of the shape memory processes of TiNi shape memory alloy reinforced aluminum matrix composite. The shape memory amount of shape memory alloy, plastic strain and residual stress in the matrix are computed and compared for the two processes. It is shown that the shape memory amount shows differences in a small prestrain region, but the plastic strain and the residual stress in the matrix show differences in the whole prestrain region. The shape memory process with initially martensitic state of the shape memory alloy would be favorable to the increase in the yield stress of the composite owing to the large compressive residual stress and plastic strain in the matrix.

• 전자공학회논문지
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• 제51권1호
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• pp.79-89
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• 2014

최근 새롭게 보급되는 휴대기기(스마트폰, 울트라북, 태블릿 PC)로 인하여 고용량과 빠른 속도를 원하는 소비자가 증가하고 있다. 이에 따라 Flash Memory의 수요도 지속적으로 증가하고 있다. Flash Memory는 NAND형과 NOR형으로 구분되어 있다. NAND형 Flash Memory는 NOR형 Flash Memory에 비해 속도는 느리지만 가격이 저렴하다. 그렇기 때문에 NAND형 Flash Memory는 Mobile 시장에서 많이 사용되어지고 있다. 그래서 Flash Memory Test를 위한 Fault 검출은 메우 중요하다. 본 논문에서는 Fault 검출 향상을 위한 NAND형 Flash Memory의 Pattern Test를 위한 PMBIST를 제안한다.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제26권7호
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• pp.982-992
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to investigate the clothing memory which affects apparel purchase behavior. The construction of clothing memory, the relationship between clothing memory and apparel purchase behavior, and the difference of clothing memory among persons by demographic variables are examined 746 female apparel consumers answer the questionnaire and data are analyzed by factor analysis, canonical correlation, Pearson correlation, and t-test. The result of this study are as follows; 1. There are three dimensions in the clothing memory which memory apparel purchase behavior; general memory about clothing, memory of appropriate clothing for oneself and memory of apparel purchase. 2. nothing memory affects apparel purchase behavior. General memory about clothing plays the most important role in the apparel purchase behavior especially in the amount of apparel purchase. 3. Unmarried young women with high income, high education level, and decent job have large amount of clothing memory.

• 생물정신의학
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.3-11
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• 1997

Disturbances in memory are the most common problem in patients with an organic mental syndrome. Other patients with significant psychiatric disorders also often have difficulty with memory. So it is very important in the clinical practice of psychiatry to understand the biological and neurocognitive mechanisms of memory proessing, and to develop the assessment tools with which memory function can be evaluated reliably and validly. Moreover, memory researches provide an important viewpoint from which we can understand the pathophysiological mechanisms of major neuropsychiatric illnesses. This article focuses on our understanding of memory functions in clinical and neurobiological aspects. The relevant material will be presented in four parts : 1) terminologies needed in defining major stages of various types of memory processing : 2) neurochemical and neuroanatomical basis of memory processing : 3) brief bed-side screening tests and more comprehensive neuropsychological tests for the evaluation of memory function : 4) the characteristics of memory dysfunction in several major psychiatric illnesses.

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.185-196
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• 2002

MRAM(magnetic random access memory) is a promising candidate for a universal memory with non-volatile, fast operation speed and low power consumption. The simplest architecture of MRAM cell is a combination of MTJ(magnetic tunnel junction) as a data storage part and MOS transistor as a data selection part. This article will review the general development status of MRAM and discuss the issues. The key issues of MRAM technology as a future memory candidate are resistance control and low current operation for small enough device size. Switching issues are controllable with a choice of appropriate shape and fine patterning process. The control of fabrication is rather important to realize an actual memory device for MRAM technology.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제12권8호
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• pp.1448-1455
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• 2008

본 논문은 대부분의 Linux 운영체제에서 지원해 주는 System V의 IPC 중 하나인 Shared Memory를 Dual Core 시스템 상에서 동작하도록 설계한다. Linux에서 사용되는 Shared Memory는 동일한 메모리 영역에 여러 개의 프로세스가 접근할 수 있도록 해 주는 기술이 다. 본 논문에서는 Shared Memory의 큰 두 갈래 중 커널 단계에서 처리되는 SVR(System V Release) 형식의 Shared Memory를 다룬다. 본 논문에서는 리눅스 운영체제의 공유 메모리 기능을 Dual Core 시스템에서 동작하도록 설계한다. 본 논문에서 제안하는 Dual Core 시스템에서 공유 메모리 기능 설계 방안은 듀얼 코어를 활용하여 기존의 단일 처리기 시스템에서보다 성능을 향상시킬 수 있도록 한다. 공유 메모리를 이용한 프로세스의 동작이 별개의 CPU에서 동작되도록 함으로써 성능 향상을 꾀한다.

• 정신신체의학
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.136-146
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• 1998

Objectives : This study was performed to evaluate the effects of PTSD on memory function, to investigate the difference of memory function between PTSD and non-PTSD patients, and to identify major variables correlated to PTSD scale and Memory Assessment Scale. Methods: The authors used PTSD-scale(Mississippi scale and Combat Exposure Scale) for measuring PTSD severity. And, Beck Depression Inventory was also used. Memory assessment scale was assessed by well trained psychologist. Thirty one Vietnam veterans who had been hospitalized were collected consecutively. These patients were evaluated by psychiatrists with interview and measurement for fifteen months since March, 1997. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS and the stastistic methods used for analysis Chi-square, t-test, and Pearson's correlation. Results : 1) There were significant differences in short-term memory and verbal memory between PTSD and non-PTSD in Vietnam veterans. 2) Mississippi scale and Combat Exposure Scale were negatively correlated to short-term memory and verbal memory(Pearson's correlation). 3) Religion status was a significant variable between PTSD and non-PTSD in Vietnam veterans. 4) There is no significant difference in visual memory and total memory scale between PTSD and Non-PTSD in Vietnam veterans Conclusions : Neuropsychological changes were found in the posttraumatic stress disorder. There were significant differences in short-term memory and verbal memory between PTSD and non-PTSD in Vietnam veterans. Mississippi scale and Combat Exposure Scale were negatively correlated to short-term memory and verbal memory. We suggest that neuropsychological test might be used for an objective assessment of patients with the combat related PTSD and be considered helpful in the assessment of patients with the diagnosis. And we also suggest rehabilitation strategies would be used to compensate for memory deficits in PTSD patients.