• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 1997

This paper reviewed models to explain memory and neuropsychological tests to assess memory. Memory was explained in cognitive and neuroanatomical perspectives, Cognitive model describes memory as structure and process. In structure model, memory is divided into three systems: sensory memory, short-term memory(working memory), and long-term memory. In process model, there are broadly three categories of memory process: encoding, storage, and retrieval. Memory process work in memory structure. There are two prominent models of the neuroanatomy of memory, derived from the work of Mishkin and Appenzeller and that of Squire and Zola-Morgan. These two models are the most useful for the clinician in part because they take into account the connections between the limbic and frontal cortical regions. The major difference between the two models concerns the role of the amygdala in memory processess. Mishkin and his colleagues believe that the amygdala plays a significant role while Squire and his colleagues do not. The most popular and widely used tests of memory ability such as WMS-R, AVLT, CVLT, HVLT. RBMT, CFT, and BVRT-R, were reviewed.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.1170-1180
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• 2000

This study was a quasi-experimental study to confirm the effects of a memory training program using efficacy sources. The purpose was to develop an effective memory training program for elderly people and to identify the effects of the memory training program. This study was carried out between February 24 and July 18, 1999 and the subjects of the study were 102 elderly people who were participants at a welfare institute in Seoul. The experimental group (51) and the control group (51) were assigned by means of participation order. The control group was matched to the experimental group and was selected considering age, sex, and religion. The experimental group participated in the memory training program. The memory training program was based on the literature of Fogler & Stern (1994), Wang & Lee (1990), Lee (1991) and Lee (1993). The memory training program was given twice a week for two weeks with each program lasting two hours. Task centered memory self-efficacy was measured using the Memory Self-Efficacy Scale developed by Berry & Dennehey (1989) and Meta Memory was measured by the MIA developed by Dixon et al. (1988) Memory performance was measured by the word list developed by Cho Sung Won (1995) and the face recognition task (Face Recognition Task developed for this study). Data were analyzed by SPSS PC and the results are described below. 1. The experimental group which participated in the Memory Training Program showed higher task centered memory self-efficacy scores as compared to the control group (t=4.354, P=.0001). 2. The experimental group which participated in the Memory Training Program showed higher metamemory scores as compared to the control group (t=4.733, P=.0001). 3. The experimental group which participated in the Memory Training Program showed higher memory performance scores as compared to the control group (t=7.500, P=.0001). The memory performance involved an immediate word recall task, a delayed word recall task, a word recognition task, and the face recognition task. 4. In the experimental group, there was significant correlation between the task centered memory self-efficacy scores and the metamemory scores (r=.382, P=.006), but the correlation between the task centered memory self-efficacy scores and the memory performance scores and between the metamemory scores and the memory performance scores were not significant. The results showed that task centered memory self-efficacy, meta memory and memory performance improved following the Memory Training Program including the memory process, changes in memory with aging, and appropriate use of memory strategies. Memory Training Program is an effective nursing intervention for improving memory in elderly people and, also, in people with complaints of memory loss.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.293-296
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• 2012

Memory reconsolidation is ubiquitous across species and various memory tasks. It is a dynamic process in which memory is modified and/or updated. In experimental conditions, memory reconsolidation is usually characterized by the fact that the consolidated memory is disrupted by a combination of memory reactivation and inhibition of protein synthesis. However, under some experimental conditions, the reactivated memory is not disrupted by inhibition of protein synthesis. This so called "boundary condition" of reconsolidation may be related to memory strength. In Pavlovian fear conditioning, the intensity of unconditional stimulus (US) determines the strength of the fear memory. In this study, we examined the effect of the intensity of US on the reconsolidation of contextual fear memory. Strong contextual fear memory, which is conditioned with strong US, is not disrupted by inhibition of protein synthesis after its reactivation; however, a weak fear memory is often disrupted. This suggests that a US of strong intensity can inhibit reconsolidation of contextual fear memory.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• v.19 no.7
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• pp.1460-1468
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• 2005

Two possible shape memory processes, austenite to detwinned martensite transformation and twinned martensite to detwinned martensite transformation of a shape memory alloy have been modeled and examined. Eshelby's equivalent inclusion method with Mori-Tanaka's mean field theory is used for modeling of the shape memory processes of TiNi shape memory alloy reinforced aluminum matrix composite. The shape memory amount of shape memory alloy, plastic strain and residual stress in the matrix are computed and compared for the two processes. It is shown that the shape memory amount shows differences in a small prestrain region, but the plastic strain and the residual stress in the matrix show differences in the whole prestrain region. The shape memory process with initially martensitic state of the shape memory alloy would be favorable to the increase in the yield stress of the composite owing to the large compressive residual stress and plastic strain in the matrix.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.79-89
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• 2014

It has been an increase in consumers who want a high-capacity and fast speed by the newly diffused mobile device(Smart phones, Ultra books, Tablet PC). As a result, the demand for Flash Memory is constantly increasing. Flash Memory is separated by a NAND-type and NOR-type. NAND-type Flash Memory speed is slow, but price is cheaper than the NOR-type Flash Memory. For this reason, NAND-type Flash Memory is widely used in the mobile market. So Fault Detection is very important for Flash Memory Test. In this paper, Proposed PMBIST for Pattern Test of NAND-type Flash Memory improved Fault detection.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.26 no.7
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• pp.982-992
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to investigate the clothing memory which affects apparel purchase behavior. The construction of clothing memory, the relationship between clothing memory and apparel purchase behavior, and the difference of clothing memory among persons by demographic variables are examined 746 female apparel consumers answer the questionnaire and data are analyzed by factor analysis, canonical correlation, Pearson correlation, and t-test. The result of this study are as follows; 1. There are three dimensions in the clothing memory which memory apparel purchase behavior; general memory about clothing, memory of appropriate clothing for oneself and memory of apparel purchase. 2. nothing memory affects apparel purchase behavior. General memory about clothing plays the most important role in the apparel purchase behavior especially in the amount of apparel purchase. 3. Unmarried young women with high income, high education level, and decent job have large amount of clothing memory.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.3-11
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• 1997

Disturbances in memory are the most common problem in patients with an organic mental syndrome. Other patients with significant psychiatric disorders also often have difficulty with memory. So it is very important in the clinical practice of psychiatry to understand the biological and neurocognitive mechanisms of memory proessing, and to develop the assessment tools with which memory function can be evaluated reliably and validly. Moreover, memory researches provide an important viewpoint from which we can understand the pathophysiological mechanisms of major neuropsychiatric illnesses. This article focuses on our understanding of memory functions in clinical and neurobiological aspects. The relevant material will be presented in four parts : 1) terminologies needed in defining major stages of various types of memory processing : 2) neurochemical and neuroanatomical basis of memory processing : 3) brief bed-side screening tests and more comprehensive neuropsychological tests for the evaluation of memory function : 4) the characteristics of memory dysfunction in several major psychiatric illnesses.

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.185-196
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• 2002

MRAM(magnetic random access memory) is a promising candidate for a universal memory with non-volatile, fast operation speed and low power consumption. The simplest architecture of MRAM cell is a combination of MTJ(magnetic tunnel junction) as a data storage part and MOS transistor as a data selection part. This article will review the general development status of MRAM and discuss the issues. The key issues of MRAM technology as a future memory candidate are resistance control and low current operation for small enough device size. Switching issues are controllable with a choice of appropriate shape and fine patterning process. The control of fabrication is rather important to realize an actual memory device for MRAM technology.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.12 no.8
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• pp.1448-1455
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• 2008

This paper designs Shared Memory on the Dual Core system so that it operates a general System V IPC on the Linux O.S. Shared Memory is the technique that many processes can access to identical memory area. We treat Shared Memory in this paper among big two branches of Shared Memory which are SVR in a kernel step format. We design a share memory facility of Linux operating system on the Dual Core System. In this paper the suggesting design plan of share memory facility in Dual Core system is enhancing the performance in existing unity processor system as a dual core practical use. We attempt a performance enhance in each CPU for each process which uses a share memory.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.136-146
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• 1998

Objectives : This study was performed to evaluate the effects of PTSD on memory function, to investigate the difference of memory function between PTSD and non-PTSD patients, and to identify major variables correlated to PTSD scale and Memory Assessment Scale. Methods: The authors used PTSD-scale(Mississippi scale and Combat Exposure Scale) for measuring PTSD severity. And, Beck Depression Inventory was also used. Memory assessment scale was assessed by well trained psychologist. Thirty one Vietnam veterans who had been hospitalized were collected consecutively. These patients were evaluated by psychiatrists with interview and measurement for fifteen months since March, 1997. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS and the stastistic methods used for analysis Chi-square, t-test, and Pearson's correlation. Results : 1) There were significant differences in short-term memory and verbal memory between PTSD and non-PTSD in Vietnam veterans. 2) Mississippi scale and Combat Exposure Scale were negatively correlated to short-term memory and verbal memory(Pearson's correlation). 3) Religion status was a significant variable between PTSD and non-PTSD in Vietnam veterans. 4) There is no significant difference in visual memory and total memory scale between PTSD and Non-PTSD in Vietnam veterans Conclusions : Neuropsychological changes were found in the posttraumatic stress disorder. There were significant differences in short-term memory and verbal memory between PTSD and non-PTSD in Vietnam veterans. Mississippi scale and Combat Exposure Scale were negatively correlated to short-term memory and verbal memory. We suggest that neuropsychological test might be used for an objective assessment of patients with the combat related PTSD and be considered helpful in the assessment of patients with the diagnosis. And we also suggest rehabilitation strategies would be used to compensate for memory deficits in PTSD patients.