• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.61-72
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• 2011

Micropropagation is an alternative mean of propagation that can be employed in mass multiplication of plants in relatively shorter time. Recent modern techniques of propagation have been developed which could facilitate large scale production of true-to-type plants and for the improvement of the species using genetic engineering techniques in the next century. An overview on the in vitro propagation via meristem culture, regeneration via organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis is presented. The usefulness of the plants in commercial industry as well as propagation techniques, screening for various useful characteristics and the influence of different cultural conditions in the multiplication, rooting and acclimatization phases on the growth of tissue cultured plant discussed.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.224-234
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• 2018

An efficient method to select drought tolerant Korean native plants using in vitro culture system was established in this study. While the plant growths and root inductions of each plant were proportionately affected by concentrations of mannitol on in vitro culturing seven plant species to test tolerance to osmotic stress, growth index (GI) and number of root induction of Chrysanthemi zawadskii var. latilobum and Dianthus chinensis var. semperflorens plantlets were higher than the others in 125mM mannitol. In test with polyethylene glycol (PEG), plantlets of C. zawadskii var. latilobum and D. chinensis var. semperflorens showed higher GI and number of root induction than the others in 33.3mM. On testing whether the well grown plants under osmotic stress are tolerant to virtual drought stress, there were significant differences in the withering rates of C. zawadskii var. latilobum and D. chinensis and those of were Aster yomena and Centaurea cyanus after 12 days without watering. It was found that significantly lower stomata numbers were shown in both drought tolerant plants than the sensitive plants. Averages of the stomata circumferences and the stomata area in the plantlets of the tolerant species were larger than those of the sensitive plants D. chinensis var. semperflorens showed the lowest transpiration level per unit area. The highest stomatal area per unit area was found in C. zawadskii, followed by D. chinensis var. semperflorens, Aster yomena and C. cyanus. In conclusion, C. zawadskii var. latilobum and D. chinensis var. semperflorens were more tolerant to drought than other two species. Furthermore in vitro selection was successfully used to screen drought tolerance species of native plant species.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 1999.10a
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• pp.84-89
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• 1999

The present study has been undertaken to detect edible medicinal plants with antineoplastic property on the basic of a number of traditional Korean medical literatures, besides studies on development of anti-cancer medical wild plants growing in Korea and to prove experimentally their efficacy by in vitro and in vivo tests.235 species from 45 family 79 genus were screened primarily as edible sources of antitumor effect. Among those the crude. extracts of 40 spp. showed considerable cytotoxicity in vitro and especially Pegangkuen(Patrinia scabiosaefolia), Deod-eog(Codonopsis lanceolata), Okssusu(Zea may), and Geureong(Eragrositis ferru-ginea) exhibited significant antitumor activity against sarcoma 180 asites mice. However, additional researches should be mode for the confirmation of their availability as antitumor plants.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Life Science Conference
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• 2005.04a
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• pp.23-36
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• 2005

Bax, a mammalian pro-apoptotic member of the Bcl-2 family, induces cell death when expressed In yeast. To investigate whether .Bax expression can induce cell death in plant, we produced transgenic Arabidopsis plants that contained murine Bax cDNA under control of a glucocorticoid-inducible promoter. Transgenic plants treated with dexamethasone, a strong synthetic glucocorticoid, induced Bax accumulation and cell death, suggesting that some elements of cell death mechanism by Bax may be conserved among various orgarusms. Therefore, we developed novel yeast genetic system, and cloned several Plant Bax Inhibitors (PBIs). Here, we report the function of two PBIs In detail. PBIl is ascorbate peroxidase (sAPX). Fluorescence method of dihydrorhodamine123 oxidation revealed that expression of Bax in yeast cells generated reactive oxygen species (ROS), and which was greatly reduced by co-expression with sAPX. These results suggest that sAPX inhibits the generation of ROS by Bax, which in turn suppresses Bax-induced cell death in yeast. PBI2 encodes nucleoside diphosphate kinase (NDPK). ROS stress strongly induces the expression of the NDPK2 gene in Arabidopsis thaliana (AtNDPK2). Transgenic plants overexpressing AtNDPK2 have lower lovels of ROS than wildtype plants. Mutants lacking AtNDPK2 had higher levels of ROS than wildtype. H$_{2O2}$ treatment induced the phosphorylation of two endogenous proteins whose molecular weights suggested they are AtMPK3 and AtMPK6. In the absence of H2O2 treatment, phosphorylation of these proteins was slightly elevated in plants overexpressing AtNDPK2 but markedly decreased In the AtNDPK2 deletion mutant. Yeast two-hybrid and in vitro protein pull-down assays revealed that AtNDPK2 specifically interacts with AtMPK3 and AtMPK6. Furthermore, AtNDPK2 also enhances the MBP phosphorylation activity of AtMPK3 i'n vitro. Finally, constitutive overexpression of AtNDPK2 in Arabidopsis plants conferred an enhanced tolerance to multiple environmental stresses that elicit ROS accumulation In situ. Thus, AtNDPK2 appears to play a novel regulatory role in H2O2-mediated MAPK signaling in plants.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.245-251
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• 2009

Aldose reductase (AR) has been reported to play an important role in sugar-induced cataract. In the present study, the AR inhibitory activity of Enicostemma hyssopifolium (EH), Gymnema sylvestre, Eclipta alba, and Tinospora cordifolia (TC) were studied along with their effect on sugar-induced cataractogenic changes in sheep lenses in vitro. AR inhibitory activity of the aqueous extracts of plants and their anticataract potentials were evaluated in vitro in sheep lenses, considering the activity of normal sheep lenses as 100%. The concentration of the plant extract that showed maximum activity was selected to further study its effect on galactose-induced polyol accumulation in vitro. The $IC_50$ values of EH and TC were calculated to be 102 and 85 ${\mu}g$/ml, respectively. EH showed a significant inhibition (61.3%) in polyol accumulation followed by TC (53.1%). EH and TC possesses a significant anticataract activity in vitro and its anticataract potential could be related with its AR inhibitory effect.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2019.10a
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• pp.30-30
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• 2019

Pea (Pisum sativum) is one of important legume crops in the world. It is commonly used as a protein source for animal and human diet, and also used as a natural nitrogen source which is produced by a symbiotic bacterium in their root nodule and helpful for terrestrial ecosystem. The successful in vitro manipulation is depended on three main factors including physiology of plant donor, in vitro manipulation approach, and stress physiology during plant cultivation. Moreover, genotype is an important for plant manipulation; different genotype gives the different response to regeneration efficiency. An efficient condition of shoot induction for pea (Pisum sativum cv. 'Sparkle') was developed by using optimum explant, plant growth regulator concentrations, and pretreatment of BA onto explant. The average shoot number per explant showed the highest on two kinds of shoot induction media (MSB5 media containing 2 mg/L BA and a combination of 2 mg/L BA and 1 mg/L TDZ) with cotyledonary node explants culture. Moreover, the pretreatment of explant in 200 mg/L BA solution was found to be more effective in shoot induction than that of non-pretreatment. The analysis of genetic stability of regenerants by using 13 ISSR markers presented that in vitro regenerated plants showed polymorphism with 8.3% compared with their mother plants.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.23 no.7
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• pp.897-904
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• 2013

Seven bacterial isolates (viz., AB05, AB10, AB11, AB12, AB14, AB15, and AB17) were derived from the rhizosphere and evaluated in terms of plant growth-promoting activities and the inhibition of Phytophthora infestans affecting tomatoes in Korea. According to 16S rDNA sequencing, a majority of the isolates are members of Bacillus, and a single isolate belongs to Paenibacillus. All seven isolates inhibited P. infestans by more than 60% in vitro. However, AB15 was the most effective, inhibiting mycelial growth of the pathogen by more than 80% in vitro and suppressing disease by 74% compared with control plants under greenhouse conditions. In a PGPR assay, all of the bacterial isolates were capable of enhancing different growth parameters (shoot/root length, fresh biomass, dry matter, and chlorophyll content) in comparison with non-inoculated control plants. AB17-treated plants in particular showed the highest enhancement in fresh biomass with 18% and 26% increments in the root and shoot biomass, respectively. However, isolate AB10 showed the highest shoot and root growth with 18% and 26% increments, respectively. Moreover, the total chlorophyll content was 14%~19% higher in treated plants.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.37-41
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• 2006

In vitro mass multiplication of Vanilla planifolia was investigated using node as explant. Multiple shoots were developed in MS medium supplemented with $2.0mgl^{-1}$ 6-benzylaminopurine and $1.0mgl^{-1}$ $\alpha$-naphthalene acetic acid. Multiple shoots were maintained for 6-T weeks with regular subculturing at the end of $3^{rd}$ week onto fresh medium. The maximum number of shoots at the rate of 12.8 per node segment was achieved over a period of four weeks. The elongated shoots were separated from the shoot clusters and were transferred onto half strength MS medium supplemented with indole-3-acetic acid ($1.0mgl^{-1}$) over a period of 28 days for induction of roots. The development of roots was observed on $7^{th}$ day of incubation. The in vitro raised plantlets were transferred to poly-cups, covered with polyethylene sheets and maintained under shade net for 25 days for hardening. Finally these plants were transferred to field and recorded that 85 % of tissue cultured plants were survived. From the present study, a simple and efficient micropropagation protocol was developed for Vanilla planifolia using single node segments as explants.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.65-79
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• 2011

Reactive oxygen species potentially cause damage to cellular components including lipids, protein and DNA; this oxidative damage plays a key role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disease, cardiovascular disease, metabolic disease and cancer. On the basis of the oxidative stress hypothesis, a number of studies have been performed to search for an efficient and safe antioxidant. Although in vitro studies have provided promising results, only a limited number of natural and synthetic antioxidants have been developed for clinical application due to their low efficacy and side-effects. Thus, the discovery of new antioxidants with marked efficacy and safety has attracted worldwide attention in recent decades. Since plants are recognized as important sources of natural antioxidants, our research has focused on the discovery of new naturally occurring antioxidants from medicinal plants. The purpose of this review is to open a new prospect in the field of search for natural antioxidants from medicinal plants by summarizing our recent findings. Using in vitro bioassay systems such as 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, superoxide radical scavenging tests and lipid peroxidation models, we have tested over than 350 species of medicinal plants for their antioxidant activity and selected several of them for further investigation. During the research on the discovery of effective natural antioxidants from the medicinal plants selected, we have isolated several new and known antioxidant compounds that include stilbene glycosides, phenolic glycosides, flavonoids, oligostilbenes, and coumarins. Our results suggest that the presence of antioxidant compounds in the medicinal plants might be associated with the traditional use to treat inflammation, cardiovascular disease and various chronic diseases.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.13-22
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• 2012

Plant regeneration has been optimized increasingly by organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis using a range of explants with tissue culture improvements focusing on factors, such as the age of the explant, genotype, media supplements and $Agrobacterium$ co-cultivation. The production of haploids and doubled haploids using microspores has accelerated the production of homozygous lines in Brassicaceae crop plants. Somatic cell fusion has facilitated the development of interspecific and intergeneric hybrids in sexually incompatible species of $Brassica$. Crop improvement using somaclonal variation has also been achieved. Transformation technologies are being exploited routinely to elucidate the gene function and contribute to the development of novel enhanced crops. The $Agrobacterium$-mediated transformation is the most widely used approach for the introduction of transgenes into Brassicaceae, and $in$ $vitro$ regeneration is a key factor in developing an efficient transformation method in plants. Although many other Brassicaceae are used as model species for improving plant regeneration and transformation systems, this paper focuses on the recent technologies used to regenerate the most important Brassicaceae crop plants.