• Applied Microscopy
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.9-16
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• 2012

The goal of this study was to identify neurotransmitters in endings (p-endings) presynaptic to low-threshold mechanoreceptive vibrissa afferents in the laminae III/IV of cat trigeminal caudal nucleus (Vc). Rapidly-adapting vibrissa afferents were intra-axonally labeled after electrophysiological identification, and postembedding immunogold staining with antisera against ${\gamma}$-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glycine was performed, followed by quantitative ultrastructural analysis of p-endings presynaptic to the labeled vibrissa afferent terminals. Sixteen p-endings, which are presynaptic to the HRP-labeled vibrissa afferent terminals, were analyzed in this study: Eight p-endings (50%, 8/16) were immunopositive to GABA but immunonegative to glycine (GABA+ p-ending), and remaining 8 p-endings (50%, 8/16) exhibited immunoreactivity to both GABA and glycine. Bouton volume of the p-endings was not significantly different between the two groups. However, the p-endings differed from each other in relative content of GABA and glycine. These findings suggest that low-threshold mechanoreceptive information conveyed through vibrissa afferent at Vc is presynaptically modulated by GABA and/or glycine, and that degree of presynaptic modulation may differ among each vibrissa afferent terminal.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.51-72
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• 2009

Objectives : This study was designed to evaluate the effects of Ohyaksungi-san(Wuyaoshungi-san) and Jungsongouhyul pharmacopuncture on pain reduction and nerve regeneration after crush injury in rat sciatic nerve. Methods : Animal model was produced through crush injury of right sciatic nerve and they were divided into four groups; Group I: no treatment control group; Group II: experimental group treated with Ohyaksungi-san(Wuyaoshungi-san); Group III: experimental group treated with Jungsongouhyul pharmacopuncture; Group IV: experimental group treated with Ohyaksungi-san(Wuyaoshungi-san) and Jungsongouhyul pharmacopuncture. For the assessment of pain, this study was observed the paw withdrawal latency(PWL) and immunoreactivity on the substance-P. For the assessment of nerve regeneration, the sciatic functional index(SFI) and immunoreactivity on the BDNF were measured. Results : 1. In the assessment of pain, the PWL of experimental groups was significantly higher than control group and group IV was significantly higher than other groups at the all days. 2. In immunohistochemical response of substance-P, as time passes, the immunoreactivity of all groups were decreased gradully. Especially, group IV had the lowest immunoreactivity. 3. In the assessment of SFI, the SFI of experimental groups were significantly higher than control group. 4. In immunohistochemical response of BDNF, the BDNF immunoreactivity of all groups was significantly higher than control group and especially, group IV had the highest immunoreactivity at the 14 days after injury. 5. H & E stain was used on the liver and kidney to investigate toxic effect of Jungsongouhyul pharmacopuncture and Ohyaksungi-san(Wuyaoshungi-san) on on 21 days after injury. However there were no any toxic effects both control group and experimental groups. Conclusions : On the basis of these results, we propose that Ohyaksungi-san(Wuyaoshungi-san) and Jungsongouhyul pharmacopuncture were related to pain reduction and motor nerve recovery, also decreased substance-P expression and increased BDNF expression after crush injury of sciatic nerve, especially these two treatments could be more effective when they were combined simultaneously.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.683-691
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• 2006

This study is an analysis of distribution of patients who installed Implantium implant in Yonsei University Dental Hospital and types of implant site for about 1 years recall check and success rate. 164 implants were installed to 52 patients in this study. It shows the conclusion below. 1. Patients at the age of 40s and 50s were 65% of all implant cases and average number of implant was 4 (man), and 2.7 (woman). 75 implants were operated on maxilla and 89 were mandible. 19 implants on anterior region and 145 implants on posterior region. 2. Most distribution of bone qaulity for implant site was type III(37.2%) and bone quantity was type C(61. 7%) 3. The majority of implants were those of 10, 12mm in length (85%) and regular diameter in width (48.8%). 4. 30 implants were installed with the advanced technique-GER, window opemng, osteotome technique. 5. Two implants were removed before prosthodontic treatment due to the osseointegraton failure. The success rate was 98.8% in 15.2 months follow up period and the marginal bone loss was 0.28mm. The results provided us with basic data on patient type, implant distribution, bone condition, and survival rate. Within the limit of present study, It was concluded that Implantium implant could be used satisfactorily in various clinical situations.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.53-57
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• 2014

Purpose: Neonatal neuroblastoma (NBL) is the most common malignant tumor in neonates, but there have been few studies about it. The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical features of NBL and to compare prenatal and postnatal diagnosed groups. Methods: Nineteen patients who were diagnosed with NBL prenatally or within 28 days after birth from February 1986 to February 2013 in Seoul National University Hospital were enrolled in the study. The patients were categorized according to the International Neuroblastoma Staging System (INSS) and Children's Oncology Group (COG). Retrospective medical-record reviews were performed on these patients. The operative date, complication, pathological stage, and overall survival of the prenatally diagnosed group and the postpartum diagnosed group were compared. Results: Tumor was detected via prenatal ultrasonography in 8 patients (42.1%), and 11 patients (57.9%) were diagnosed within 28 days after birth. Based on INSS, the patients were divided into the stage I (n=8), stage II (n=1), stage III (n=3), stage IV (n=4), and stage IVs (n=3) groups, respectively. Based on COG, on the other hand, the patients were divided into the low-risk (n=8), intermediate-risk (n=8), and high-risk (n=3) groups. The postoperative complication rate was 29%. One patient died from complications from chemotherapy. The other 18 patients' mean follow-up period was 77.7 months. The differences between the postoperative complication rate, proportion of early-stage tumor, and overall survival of the prenatal and postnatal groups were not statistically significant (p=0.446, p=0.607, p=0.414). Conclusion: NBL showed favorable outcomes but relatively higher postoperative complications. There seem to be no significant statistical differences in the postoperative complications, proportion of early-stage tumor, and overall survival between the prenatally diagnosed group and the postpartum diagnosed group.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.31-40
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• 2009

The rheologic properties of elastic impression materials is a very important role as taking high accuracy impression. But, the studies that are focused on the rheologic properties of Korean elastic impression materials are not sufficient. The purpose of this study is to help clinical high accuracy impression taking by testing rheologic properties of elastic impression material that is made by Korea and other countries. Six type III elastic impression materials are tested. Subjects are 2 Korean polyvinylsiloxane(PVS), 2 imported PVS, 1 polyether, and 1 polysulfide. HAAKE RheoStress $1^{(R)}$(Thermo Electron Co. Germany)is used in measuring. HAAKE RheoStress $1^{(R)}$ is plate to plate type rheometer. All subjects is tested 3 times and measuring time is 900 seconds. We measured G′ and loss tangent after mixing. All elastic impression materials had a sigmoid shape on increasing G′ by time and decreasing loss tangent after setting, maximum G' is appeared highest in polyether, and lowest in polysulfide. Initial loss tangent is highest in polyether, and is lowest in Koreans PVS. Significant difference is showed in initial loss tangent between Korean PVS and imported PVS.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.240-252
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• 2015

In the original licensing application for the prototype fast-breeder reactor, MONJU, the event progression during an unprotected loss of flow (ULOF), which is one of the technically inconceivable events postulated beyond design basis, was evaluated. Through this evaluation, it was confirmed that radiological consequences could be suitably limited even if mechanical energy was released. Following the Fukushima-Daiichi accident, a new nuclear safety regulation has become effective in Japan. The conformity of MONJU to this new regulation should hence be investigated. The objectives of the present study are to conduct a preliminary evaluation of ULOF for MONJU, reflecting the knowledge obtained after the original licensing application through CABRI experiments and EAGLE projects, and to gain the prospect of in-vessel retention for the conformity of MONJU to the new regulation. The preliminary evaluation in the present study showed that no significant mechanical energy release would take place, and that thermal failure of the reactor vessel could be avoided by the stable cooling of disrupted-core materials. This result suggests that the prospect of in-vessel retention against ULOF, which lies within the bounds of the original licensing evaluation and conforms to the new nuclear safety regulation, will be gained.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.298-303
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• 2007

To examine taxonomic relationships among 24 leaf mustard allies (Brassica juncea) derived from domestic collections and introduced species, principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis on 16 morphological characters were carried out. Of 16 characters, total fresh weight, total dry weight, shoot fresh weight and leaf length were useful characters for the understanding of taxonomic relationships among them. Cluster analysis using scores of the principal components indicated that 24 leaf mustards could be grouped into domestic collections and introduced species at 1.0 of average distance in UPGMA. Moreover, in experiment of $F_{1}$ recombination test, heterosis appeared greatly in Sanchiohbachirimen takana A ${\times}$ Akaohba takana, Goheung namyang ${\times}$ Sanchiohbachirimen takana B, and Goheung namyang ${\times}$ Akaohba takana cross combinations. Sanchiohbachirimen takana A and Akaohba takana have a high parent combining ability for breeding cultivars using cytoplasmic male sterility.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.39-50
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• 1999

This research was carried out to investigate the development of fire-retardancy treatment technology and performance evaluation of fire-retardant treated plywoods. Radiata pine, keruing, dillenia, calophyllum and terminalia veneers were treated by normal(conventional) pressure soak(NPS) and vacuum-pressure-soak(VPS) using 20% water solution of diammonium phosphate. Then, 4.8mm thick, 3ply plywoods were fabricated with combination of fire-retardant treated, untreated or water-immersion types and several composition types of radiata pine and keruing veneers, i,e. the uniform and the mixed types in species composition, and the homogenious and the alternate layer types in veneer treatment. In composed species, the retention and the treatment effects of fire-retardant chemicals III radiata pine was still greater than those of keruing. The effect of VPS treatment was larger than that of NPS treatment, however, adhesive bonding strength and bending strength of plywoods treated by these two methods were not necessarily lowered, compared to those of untreated plywood. And also, fire endurance performance of the urea melamine resin-bonded plywood was greater than that of the phenol resin-bonded plywood. In result, the appropriate combination in veneer species and layer as well as alternate fire-retardant treatments would be more efficiently available in service.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.273-278
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• 2000

The aacCl, aacC2, aacC3, and aacC4 genes, which encode aminoglycoside acetyltransferase AAC(3)-I, AA(3)-II, AAC(3)-III, and AAC(3)-IV, respectively, and aerolysin genes in water samples from Juam lake were surveyed by polymerase chain reaction. Surface water was collected from January 1996 to December 1998, and then bacterial DNA was extracted from the water. Twelve samples were tested by PCR to servey the genes for aminoglycoside acetyltransferase and aerolysin in the lake water. The aacC2 gene was detected in 9 of 12 DNA samples. Among 9 samples showing aacC2 positive, 7 samples were associated with Tn3 sequence. However, none of the twelve samples amplified the expected DNA fragment for aacC1, aacC3, and aacC4 genes. PCR primer to detect the aerolysin gene was designed using the conserved region of the genes for aerolysin and hemolysin of Aeromonas spp. This primer set successfully amplified the expected 414 bp PCR product with the DNA samples from the lake water. The aerolysin gene was detected in 7 of 12 DNA samples. When Southern hybridization of the gel with probe was performed, the aerolysin gene was detected in 10 of 12 DNA samples. However, the seasonal fluctuation of these genes was not found.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.301-307
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• 2011

Oil pollution was world-wide prevalent treat to the environment, and the physic-chemical remediation technology of the TPH (total petroleum hydrocarbon) contaminated soil had the weakness that its rate was very slow and not economical. Bioremediation of the contaminated soil is a useful method if the concentrations are moderate and non-biological techniques are not economical. The aim of this research is to investigate the influence of additives on TPH degradation in a diesel contaminated soil environment. Six experimental conditions were conduced; (i) diesel contaminated soil, (ii) diesel contaminated soil treated with microbial additives, (iii) diesel contaminated soil treated with microbial additives and the mixture was titrated to the end point of pH 7 with NaOH, (iv) diesel contaminated soil treated with microbial additives and accelerating agents and (v) diesel contaminated soil treated with microbial additives and accelerating agents, and the mixture was titrated to the end point of pH 7 with NaOH. After 10 days, significant TPH degradation (67%) was observed in the DSP-1 soil sample. The removal of TPH in the soil sample where microbial additives were supplemented was 38% higher than the control soil sample during the first ten days. The microbial additives were effective in both the initial removal rate and relative removal efficiency of TPH compared with the control group. However, various environmental factors, such as pH and temperature, also affected the activities of microbes lived in the additives, so the pH calibration of the oil-contaminated soil would help the initial reduction efficiency in the early periods.