• 조명전기설비학회논문지
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.75-81
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• 2013

In this paper, protection coordination between residual current devices and surge protective devices in low-voltage consumer's distribution systems are presented. In the case that a surge protrctive device(SPD) is located on the load side of an residual current device(RCD), when the surge is injected from the source side of the RCD, most of injected surge currents are split into the RCD and the protection coordination between the SPD and RCD is improper, three of 6 specimens experience unintended operation due to test impulse currents. Also when the surges is injected from the load side, a lot of the surge currents is split into the SPD, but a half of test specimens causes nuisance trip. Coordination between SPD and RCD is not valid. When installing SPD, it is important to select SPD after due consideration of the protection voltage level of metal oxide varistor embedded in RCD. It is expected that the results obtained from this work could be useful to improve the protection effects of SPD in low-voltage distribution systems.

• 조명전기설비학회논문지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.117-123
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• 2011

Lightning and switching surges propagating through the grounding conductors lead to transient overvoltages, and electronic circuits in information technology systems are very susceptible to damage or malfunction from the electrical surges. Surge damages or malfunctions of electrical and electronic equipment may be caused by potential rises. To solve these problems, it is very important to evaluate the ground surface potential rises and hazardous voltages such as touch and step voltages at or near the grounding systems energized by electrical surges. In this paper, the performance of grounding systems against the surge current containing high frequency components on the basis of the actual-sized tests is presented. The ground surface potential rises and hazardous voltages depending on impulse currents for vertical or horizontal grounding electrodes are measured and analyzed. Also the touch and step voltages caused by the impulse currents are investigated. As a result, the ground surface potential rises, the touch and step voltages near the grounding electrodes are raised and the conventional grounding impedances are increased as the front time of the injected impulse currents is getting faster.

• 한국철도학회논문집
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.357-361
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• 2006

This paper dealt with the performance evaluation and the diagnostic techniques of lightning arresters for DC electric traction vehicle. Field Measurements on the protective operation of lightning arresters against surge currents were carried out on running vehicles to acquire the data necessary for the diagnosis. The frequency and the magnitude of surge events were analyzed. Surge currents of $1\sim3$ times were recorded in one running service route and their magnitudes were ranges of $150A\sim2kA$. Also, an acceleration experiment on a lightning arrester by the standard lightning impulse current of 8/20 us and 5 kA was performed to know the aging characteristics. After the surge current application of 3,000 times, the reference voltage decreased by 4.5 %, and the leakage current was below 10 uA at the continuous operating voltage and about 50 uA at the rated voltage. From the experimental results, we propose a decision level of leakage current for the arrester used in this paper and designed an arrester tester which analyzes arrester condition by the magnitude of leakage current.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2003년도 하계학술대회 논문집 Vol.4 No.2
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• pp.744-746
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• 2003

A ZnO varistor with reference voltage 250V/mm was fabricated through the control of particle size in slurry and the variation of sintering conditions. It was found that to measure the flatness of the V-I characteristic curve in the small-current region and the flatness of the V-I characteristic curve in a large-current region was improved nonlinearity of the fabricated ZnO varistor. According to the IEC 60099-4 was measured the accelerated aging test and high current test of the distribution class surge varistor which is excellent in respect to the property of ZnO varistor.

• 조명전기설비학회논문지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.100-108
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• 2008

접지전극의 형태, 크기, 재질 및 임펄스전류의 형상에 따라 변화하는 과도접지임피던스는 접지시스템의 성능에 중요한 영향을 미친다. 본 논문은 기존의 실효임펄스임피던스가 실제 과도접지임피던스를 얼마나 효과적으로 나타내고 있는가에 대한 분석과 보다 효과적인 과도접지임피던스 평가방법에 대하여 실험적인 결과를 제시하였다. 실험에 사용된 접지전극은 저항성분과 인덕턴스를 포함한 모의 접지전극과 1[m] 탄소접지봉, 9[m] 일반동봉 그리고 40[m] 매설지선이며, 가변주파수 전류와 임펄스전류에 의한 접지임피던스를 각각 측정하였다. 각각의 값을 비교 했을 때 기존의 실효임펄스임피던스의 값보다는 전압의 최대 값과 전류의 최대 값을 이용하여 과도접지임피던스를 구한 임피던스 값($Z_1$)이 등가주파수에 해당하는 가변주파수 전류에 의해 구해진 접지임피던스에 근접함을 확인하였다.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제57권10호
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• pp.1822-1828
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• 2008

This paper presents design parameter calculation methodology and its realization to construction for the 10/350${\mu}s$ lightning impulse current generator(ICG) modelled as double exponential function waveform with characteristic parameters ${\alpha},{\beta}$. Matlab internal function, "fzero" was applied to find ${\lambda}={\alpha}/{\beta}$ which is solution of nonlinear equation linearly related with two wave parameter $T_1$ and $T_2$. The calculation results for 10/350${\mu}s$ lightning impulse current show very good accuracy with error less 0.03%. Two type of 10/350${\mu}s$ ICGs based on the calculated design circuit parameters were fabricated by considering the load variation. One is applicable to the MOV based Surge protective device(SPD) for less 15 kA and the other is to test small resistive devices such as spark gap arrester and bonding device with maximum current capability 30 kA. The tested waveforms show error within 10% in comparison with the designed estimation and the waveform tolerance recommended in the IEC 61643-1 and IEC 60060-1.

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.317-322
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• 2015

The metal oxide varistor (MOV) is a major component of the surge protection devices (SPDs) currently in use. The device is judged to be faulty when fatigue caused by the continuous inflow of lightning accumulates and reaches the damage limit. In many cases, induced lightning resulting from lightning strikes flows in to the device several times per second in succession. Therefore, the frequency or the rate at which the SPD is actually exposed to stress, called a surge, is outside the range of human perception. For this reason, the protective device should be replaced if it actually approaches the end of its life even though it is not faulty at present, currently no basis exists for making the judgment of remaining lifetime. Up to now, the life of an MOV has been predicted solely based on the number of inflow surges, irrespective of the magnitude of the surge current or the amount of energy that has flowed through the device. In this study, nonlinear data that shows the damage to an MOV depending on the count of surge and the amount of input current were collected through a high-voltage test. Then, a failure prediction algorithm was proposed by preparing a look-up table using the results of the test. The proposed method was experimentally verified using an impulse surge generator

• 조명전기설비학회논문지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.44-50
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• 2005

본 논문에서는 산화아연(이하 ZnO) 피뢰기 열화진행의 한 요인으로 예측되는 전극과 ZnO소자 사이에서 발생하는 방전광 현상에 관한 연구를 수행하였다. 이를 위해 $8/20[{\mu}s]$, 최대 10[kA]의 뇌임펄스전류를 발생시키는 뇌임펄스전류 발생장치를 설계${\cdot} $제작하였다. 실험결과, 상${\cdot}$하부의 전극 부근에서 발생하는 방전광의 형상은 인가되는 뇌임펄스의 극성에 따라 다르게 나타났으며 상대적으로 (-)극의 전극부근에서 방전광이 더 강하고 활발하게 발생하는 것으로 관찰되었다. 또한 전극의 면적에 따른 방전광의 세기는 전극의 면적이 증가할수록 감소하는 것으로 관측되었다. 동시에 전극과 소자의 접촉상태도 방전광의 발생과 매우 밀접한 관계가 있는 것으로 확인되었다. 따라서 배전급 ZnO피뢰기의 기존 전극구조는 보완이 필요하며 ZnO피뢰기 제품의 성능향상 및 지속적인 성능유지를 위해서는 환형구조 대신 내부면적이 있는 원판구조로 교체하는 것이 바람직하다고 판단된다.

• 조명전기설비학회논문지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.118-124
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• 2007

본 논문에서는 임펄스전류의 크기와 인가횟수가 ZnO바리스터의 수명에 미치는 영향에 관한 것으로 뇌임펄스전류가 ZnO바리스터의 성능에 미치는 영향을 분석하기 위하여 $8/20[{\mu}s]$임펄스전류가 인가되기 전후 ZnO바리스터의 상용주파수 교류전압에 대한 저항성 누설전류와 손실전력을 측정하였다. 그 결과 $8/20[{\mu}s]$임펄스전류의 인가횟수가 증가함에 파라 ZnO바리스터에 흐르는 저항성 누설전류는 증가하고 통과시간은 길어졌다. ZnO바리스터의 수명은 뇌임펄스전류의 크기와 인가횟수에 대해서 평가하는 것이 바람직하다.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2002년도 하계학술대회 논문집 Vol.3 No.2
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• pp.890-893
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• 2002

Since 1970s, varistors using metal-oxide resistors have been applied to Gapless surge arresters for power system. In the paper, the structure of metal-oxide surge arresters without gaps for 362kV GIS which is developed the first in korea has been introduced. And the main evaluation items for the metal-oxide resistors which are reference voltage test, residual voltage test, long duration current impulse withstand test and operating duty test is tested and evaluated.