• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.31 no.6B
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• pp.565-575
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to quantitatively evaluate the expression of both multi-metric qualitative habitat evaluation index (QHEI) and biological integrity index (IBI) for artificial structures eco-artificial fish reef (EAFR) for fishes asylum and habitat. Especially, both experimental evaluation and biological verification were performed in Water and Environmental Center's outdoor test-bed of Korea Institute of Construction Technology located in Andong-city, Gyeongsangbuk-do. The experimental conditions reflecting the situation of domestic river include the flow rate (e.g., $0.0{\sim}1.5m\;s^{-1}$), the width (e.g., 1.0~3.0 m), the depth (e.g., 0.05~0.70 m), and variable bed materials. Both QHEI and IBI were monitored for 8 months from May to December 2010. Whereas QHEI values were highest at experimental points of the E~F with an average of 83.1, those were lowest at B~C with an average of 78.1. However, QHEI values inside EAFR were more than 98.9, regardelss of space and time, and indicated more than the highest good of the state (Good) in the habitat. Overally, IBI values showed similar trend with QHEI, but were 44.2 in the winter dry season, compared to 32.8 of QHEI values. IBI values Also, IBI values inside EAFR were greater than those at the experimental channel by 5.7 to 11.4% and 18.7 to 34.8% in flow and stagnant conditions, respectively, indicating that EAFR can secure asylum and habitat for fish during the dry season. For comprehensive aquatic ecosystem assessment, the experimental channel showed generally fair conditions (Fair~Good), whereas EAFR showed good conditions (Good), suggesting that EAFR can be applied to aquatic ecosystem restoration and improvement.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.36-51
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• 2012

Objectives: This study was conducted to implement Health Plus Happiness Plus projects in Gyeongsangnam-Do and assess the policy implications of initiatives to address regional health inequalities. Methods: Health Plus Happiness Plus projects were started as strategies to address regional health inequalities in Gyeongsangnam-Do. The principles of these projects are taken from the Health Action Zones initiatives in England: participation, partnership, resource concentration in project areas. The time period for these projects is from 2010 to 2017, and the total budget is 5.6 billion won. In 2010, a 6.8 hundred million won total budget was invested in 17 project areas. Such investments fell into four broad categories: establishment of the means and local framework; survey development to analyze the health determinants; development of an education and training center; and establishment of a technical support center. Results: Education and training programs for practitioners and coordinators were provided, and project teams and project promotion committees were established in project areas. Health survey result briefing meetings were held, and 17 health committees were established in project areas. Conclusions: Health Plus Happiness Plus projects have some problems in relation to participation and partnerships, however, if these principled projects are performed continuously, they will contribute to a reduction of standardized mortality rate and regional health inequalities in Gyeongsangnam-Do and the improvement of residents' well-being in project areas.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.87-100
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• 2014

Environmental problems and the shortage of natural resources are currently gathering more attention in Korea and international countries. With these problems, it is reported that most current domestic buildings are emitting approximately 138 million tons of greenhouse gas. According to a recent report from the investigation of Korean housing population, the total number of households is approximately 12.9 millions, and the apartments that were built more than 15 years ago amounted to 3.1 millions. This shows that the rates of old apartment housings are increasing. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the deteriorated facilities and environmental improvement. Also, the construction industry is benefited by improving these housings which may need either remodeling or reconstruction. Environmental friendly buildings are a rising consideration for remodeling and reconstruction projects; it helps to determine many business matters in construction. The main purpose of this research is to improve environmental condition in apartments with comparison analysis between remodeling and reconstruction alternatives. This research is focused on characteristics of remodeling and reconstruction and it sets up the same condition with each level in order to evaluate the value of environmental friendliness and analyze its definition. The result of this research provides a unique emitting rate at a novel framework and this will cause the reduction of $CO_2$. It is analyzed that the remodeling construction can reduce the great amount of $CO_2$. Therefore, it will be a good decision guideline in selecting the most eco-friendly alternative to improve environment for building construction. Although reconstruction is a popular alternative nowadays in Korea, this research can provide a reason why decision makers should put more emphasis on remodeling as an environment-friendly alternative.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.81-94
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• 2006

The water quality impacts of forest fragmentation at the Doam-dam watershed were evaluated in this study. For this ends, the watershed scale model, Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model was utilized. To exclude the effects of different magnitude and patterns in weather, the same weather data of 1985 was used because of significant differences in precipitation in year 1985 and 2000. The water quality impacts of forest fragmentation were analyzed temporarily and spatially because of its nature. The flow rates for Winter and Spring has increased with forest fragmentations by $8,366m^3/month$ and $72,763m^3/month$ in the S1 subwatershed, experiencing the most forest fragmentation within the Doam-dam watershed. For Summer and Fall, the flow rate has increased by $149,901m^3/month$ and $107,109m^3/month$, respectively. It is believed that increased flow rates contributed significant amounts of soil erosion and diffused nonpoint source pollutants into the receiving water bodies. With the forest fragmentation in the S1 watershed, the average sediment concentration values for Winter and Spring increased by 5.448mg/L and 13.354mg/L, respectively. It is believed that the agricultural area, which were forest before the forest fragmentation, are responsible for increased soil erosion and sediment yield during the spring thaw and snow melts. For Spring and Fall, the sediment concentration values increased by 20.680mg/L and 24.680mg/L, respectively. Compared with Winter and Spring, the increased precipitation during Summer and Fall contributed more soil erosion and increased sediment concentration value in the stream. Based on the results obtained from the analysis performed in this study, the stream flow and sediment concentration values has increased with forest fragmentation within the S1 subwatershed. These increased flow and soil erosion could contribute the eutrophication in the receiving water bodies. This results show that natural functionalities of the forest, such as flood control, soil erosion protection, and water quality improvement, can be easily lost with on-going forest fragmentation within the watershed. Thus, the minimize the negative impacts of forest fragmentation, comprehensive land use planning at watershed scale needs to be developed and implemented based on the results obtained in this research.

• The Journal of Korean society of community based occupational therapy
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.33-42
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• 2019

Objective : The aim of this study was to evaluate the current knowledge regarding constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT) and its application in clinical practice by physiatrists and therapists in pediatric rehabilitation area in Korea. Methods : Online survey via E-mails was sent to a total of 510 members (204 physiatrists and 306 therapists) of the Korean Society of Pediatric Rehabilitation and Developmental Medicine (KSPRDM). Results : The response rate was 35.1% (179 of 510). A total of 179 questionnaires was completed by 39 physiatrists, 89 physiotherapists, 48 occupational therapists, and 3 speech therapists. 45.8% of responders had worked over 6 years in the pediatric rehabilitation setting and a total of 58.1% (n=104) of the sample had used CIMT. The main limitations of clinically applying CIMT included limited staff and inappropriate clinical setting (35.1%, n=61), lack of understanding (19.5%, n=34), and developmental issues of function on the unaffected side (13.8%, n=24). The cooperation of patients (77.6%, n=76), cognitive/behavioral factors (42.9%, n=42), and cooperation of caregivers (25.5%, n=25) were the 3 major concerns that could be limitations with CIMT. Conclusions : Although considerable evidence supports the use of CIMT, many of physiatrist and therapists do not apply this method in practice. The improvement of limitations is necessary for wide use of CIMT in clinical practice in Korea.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.9
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• pp.203-215
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• 2017

Delirium is an acute confused state associated with poor outcomes among hospitalized long-term care hospital elderly patients. This study was conducted to examine the effects of acomfort promotion program based on Kolcaba's comfort theory for prevention of delirium among elderly patients who have been hospitalized in long-term care hospitals. The study used was a quasi-experimental type, with two groups of patients; those who received their usual care plus comfort nursing intervention (n=34) and those who only received usual care methods. Using the IBMSPSS/PC (Version 21), the homogeneity of the control and intervention group wereevaluated by the chi-squared test and an independent t-test, and all collected data wereanalyzed. Hypotheses were tested by independent t-tests and repeated measures of ANOVA. Delirium occurred at a rate of 2.9% (1/34) in the intervention group and 14% (5/34) -in the control group ($x^2=3.98$, p=0.047). The severity of the delirium in theintervention group was lower than that of the control (t=2.27, p=.027). The duration of delirium was 2days in the intervention group and 2-10days in the control group, indicating delirium in the intervention group lasted for a significantly shorter period ($x^2=3.22$, p=0.048). According to the change of time, the intervention group showed improvement in all areas including comfort scores (F=108.85, p<0.001), anxiety scores (F=63.39, p<0.001), depression scores (F=89.78, p<0.001), quality of sleep scores (F=63.63, p<0.001), and pain scores (F=93.64, p<0.001). In conclusion, elderly patients who were admitted to nursing homes were advised to participate in nursing intervention,which effectivelyprevented delirium based on the Kolcaba's comfort theory of physical, psychological, spiritual, social, cultural and environmental approaches to prevent delirium. Therefore, it is necessary to extend the program for prevention of delirium in the physical, psychological, spiritual, social, cultural, and environmental contexts to prevent delirium in geriatric hospitalized elderly patients.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.141-149
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• 2018

In this study, compacting, passing performance, segregation resistance and rheological properties were tested to improve the stability of fresh concrete in the production and construction of self-compacting concrete (SCC) using hollow glass powder(GB). As a result, T50 reaching time was shortened up to amount of GB $2.0kg/m^3$. The compacting according to the amount of GB was improved by ball bearing effect of GB. However, T50 reaching time was slightly increased at $4.0kg/m^3$. In the case of passing performance, the result showed that plain was Class 1, GB $0.5{\sim}2.0kg/m^3$ was Class 0, GB $4.0kg/m^3$ was Class 1. Therefore, the passing performance was improved with 'No blocking' up to amount of GB $2.0kg/m^3$. Passing performance Block step (PJ) number by J-ring method was also best at GB $1.0kg/m^3$. In the case of segregation resistance according to the amount of GB, dynamic segregation resistance was increased compared to plain regardless of the amount of GB. And static segregation resistance showed 2.5% of segregation rate at GB $1.0kg/m^3$. Therefore, it was greatly improved compared to plain (12.5%). In the case of rheology property according to the amount of GB, plastic consistency by increasing of GB content didn't show big difference. However, yield stress by increasing of GB content was decreased with GB $1.0kg/m^3$. In conclusion, GB $1.0kg/m^3$ was effective for improvement of compacting, passing performance and yield stress. Also, it will be useful for stability of SCC by improving segregation.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.96-110
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• 2017

Most of vehicle detection studies using the existing general lens or wide-angle lens have a blind spot in the rear detection situation, the image is vulnerable to noise and a variety of external environments. In this paper, we propose a method that is detection in harsh external environment with noise, blind spots, etc. First, using a fish-eye lens will help minimize blind spots compared to the wide-angle lens. When angle of the lens is growing because nonlinear radial distortion also increase, calibration was used after initializing and optimizing the distortion constant in order to ensure accuracy. In addition, the original image was analyzed along with calibration to remove fog and calibrate brightness and thereby enable detection even when visibility is obstructed due to light and dark adaptations from foggy situations or sudden changes in illumination. Fog removal generally takes a considerably significant amount of time to calculate. Thus in order to reduce the calculation time, remove the fog used the major fog removal algorithm Dark Channel Prior. While Gamma Correction was used to calibrate brightness, a brightness and contrast evaluation was conducted on the image in order to determine the Gamma Value needed for correction. The evaluation used only a part instead of the entirety of the image in order to reduce the time allotted to calculation. When the brightness and contrast values were calculated, those values were used to decided Gamma value and to correct the entire image. The brightness correction and fog removal were processed in parallel, and the images were registered as a single image to minimize the calculation time needed for all the processes. Then the feature extraction method HOG was used to detect the vehicle in the corrected image. As a result, it took 0.064 seconds per frame to detect the vehicle using image correction as proposed herein, which showed a 7.5% improvement in detection rate compared to the existing vehicle detection method.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.65-88
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• 2004

In general, empowerment is defined as the motivational concept of autonomy and self-efficacy. Recently, the concept of empowerment is applied to improve organizational staff's job satisfaction and organizational commitment in many organizations. Empower-ment in service organizations, i.e., hospitals, has certainly generated more publicity than any other organizations. The objectives of this study are, first, to measure the degree of hospital employees' empowerment using Spreitzer(1995)'s empowerment theory, second, to analyze the causal relationship of organizational and job characteristics, a degree of empowerment, and organizational performance(job satisfaction and organizational commitment), and third, to offer the strategy for the improvement of job satisfaction and organizational commitment. Spreitzer insists that the empowerment is composed of 4 dimensions(meaning, competence, self-determination, and impact). And he argues that various work-related characteristics is a direct cause of empowerment and the indirect cause of job satisfaction and organizational commitment, mediated by the empowerment latent variable. In order to perform this study, data were collected by self-administered questionnaires from hospital employees working in administrative department of 3 university hospitals in Inchon and Kyunggi-Do region. The number of cases is 181(response rate; 86%). The Collected data were analyzed with SPSS Ver. 10.0 and AMOSV Ver. 4.0. First, to test validity of variables, the factor analysis was used. Second, to test reliability, Cronbach's alpha coefficients was calculated. Cronbach's alpha of empowerment variable is 0.8323 showing that there's no problem in regard to the internal consistency. Also the Cronbach's alpha of other variables are 0.8301 of the degree of perceived control, 0.6705 of job characteristics, O.8787 of compensation, 0.9254 of job satisfaction, and 0.8389 of organizational commitment, respectively. Among the questions of job characteristics, two survey questions are deleted due to lowering the reliability. Third, to test multicollinearity and correlation of variables, the correlation analysis was performed. There was no problem of multicollinearity. Finally structural equation modelling (SEM) analysis was conducted to find the causal relationship of organizational and job Characteristics, empowerment, job satisfaction and organizational commitment. The 16 variables are included for the SEM analysis. The major results of this study are as follows: First, in the case of model fitness, the condition of x$^2$ statistic(92.187) is not fully satisfied, but the indices of GFI(0.912), AGFI(0.863), NFI(0.917) and CFI(0.928) are partially satisfied, which needs to upper 0.90. Second, in the result of hypotheses testing, all hypotheses are accepted and have a positive effect in 95% or 99% confidence interval(P<0.05 or P<0.001) except the effect of compensation variable on empowerment(P=0.082). Third, in regard to the direct, indirect, and total effect of variables, the direct effect of perceived control, task characteristics, and compensation on job satisfaction are 0.728, 2.264, 0.328 and on organizational commitment are 0.094, 1.411, 0.418, respectively. Also the indirect effect of perceived control, task characteristics, and compensation on job satisfaction are 0.311, 0.196, 0.028 and on organizational commitment are 0.210, 0.132, 0.019, respectively. Thus, these findings imply that various work-related factors are direct effect of empowerment and indirect effect of result variables, job satisfaction and organizational commitment. Also These results showed that the workplace empowerment is significant mediating factor of employee's job satisfaction and organizational commitment.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.77-84
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• 1972

A field experiment was conducted to determine the factors responsible in limiting nutrient up take and root activity in low productive paddy fold. Radiosotope of phosphorus-32 was used as a tracer. Results of the study were as follows: 1. On yield components responsible for increase yield indicated that number of ears per panicle and ripening ratio were closely related to increase yield. 2. Root volume or root feeding area has significant influence in increasing rice yield. 3. Root volume indicative of root activity and nutrient uptake can be effected by reasonable water control. 4. The combined application of calcium, silica, and magnesium(as a fused magnesium phosphate. the Kyun-gi Chemical Co. products.) with water control, although under conditions of large amount application of nitrogen, was found to be increased the maturing rate. 5. In the plots of water control, the number of roots per one volume were less than that of the continuous flooding plots, but the weight per root was heavier than the flooding plot ones. 6. Improvement of the present native culture method could effectively increase paddy rice yield.