• The International Journal of Costume Culture
• /
• v.9 no.2
• /
• pp.104-112
• /
• 2006

The studies on impression formation usually have focused on the effect of certain appearance features which elevates perceptual evaluation. This study tried to find out whether there is a consensus on impression formation between the perceived person and the perceiver and if the gender is any significant variable to cast any difference on the impression evaluation. Seven photos of voluntary students in ppt file were projected to 143 students attending a university psychology class and were subjected to a impression evaluation questionnaire consisting of 28 adjective scales. The analysis of result revealed: 1) There was a significant difference between the impression evaluation scores of the perceivers and the perceived; the self evaluation of the perceived person was higher than the perceivers' evaluation. 2) There was also a significant evaluation score difference between the genders of the perceivers; the female perceivers rated the stimuli higher than the male perceivers. There was no interaction effect between the genders of the perceivers and the perceived.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
• /
• v.24 no.5
• /
• pp.724-735
• /
• 2000

The objectives of this study were to identify the dimensional structure of female impression formation based on silhouettes and necklines of wedding dresses, and to analyze the effect of silhouettes, necklines, and perceiver's gender on impression formation. The experimental design was 3$\times$6$\times$2 (silhouettes$\times$necklines$\times$gender) factorial design by 3 independent variables. Samples were 432 males and females. Four factors derived to account for the dimensions of impression formation. These were attractiveness, neatness, feminity, and prettiness. Dome silhouette had a positive effect on impression of attractiveness. Bell silhouette increased the impression of femininity and prettiness. Tubular silhouette had a negative effect on the impressions of attractiveness, femininity, and prettiness. Neckline had a significant effect on impression of attractiveness and negative on prettiness. Sweet-heart neckline has a positive effect on impression of attractiveness and negative on prettiness. Off-shoulder neckline increased the impression of prettiness. Round neckline decreased the impression of attractiveness. On the interaction effect according to the neckline and perceiver's gender, the men perceived high-necklines to be more feminine than did women, while the women perceived off-shoulder necklines to be more feminine than did men. There was interaction effect between silhouette and neckline on prettiness. In dome silhouette, heart-shape neckline was perceived to be prettier than the others, while in bell silhouette, off-shoulder neckline was perceived as prettier than the others.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
• /
• v.20
• /
• pp.17-31
• /
• 1993

The purpose of this study is to inquire into the influence of appearance cues on the intellectual impression formations, whether there are differen-ces in the impression formation between the case which the appearance is partially percepted and the case wholely percepted. The study consists of the experiment of the factorial design with 5 independent variables of Face (intellectual and social), Hair Style (intellec-tual and social), Clothing Style (intellectual and social), Textile Pattern(single, color, dot, and stri-pe), and Presentation Level of stimuli (upper-half and full-length). The outcomes of study are as follows : 1) The intellectual impression formation was influenced by face, clothing style, and textile pat-tern, but clothing style and textile pattern were more influential than face. When the models with intellectual face wore in intellectual clothing style, they gave more additional intellectual impression. And when intellectual clothing was in single color, it conveyed more intellectual impression. Hair style had no main effect but it influenced on the impression formation through interaction with other variables. 2) There were differences in the formation of the intellectual impressions between the case the appearance was partially percepted and the case wholely percepted. The case of full-lenth pressen-tation was more influential than that of upper-half presentation.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
• /
• v.7 no.1
• /
• pp.117-127
• /
• 1999

Clothes are a kind of silent language that tells someone who has in wear and has great influence on person perception and impression formation. Present paper aims, therefore, to investigate the tendency of its study to offer information that my assist future studies. Doctorial dissertations, master\`s theses and journal articles related with clothing and textiles in domestic are categorized according to period and subject. Analysed results are as follows: First, as for the periodic vicissitude, the number of study on impression formation was before 1990, but tend to increase in 1990\`s. Second, as for the subject, while the studies focused on impression formation wearer on the first half of 1990\`s, they were segmented and presented wearer\`s form and appearance in detail ; computer simulation was also made use of in various papers. In conclusion, impression formation seems to become a rather important subject for further study.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
• /
• v.37
• /
• pp.119-132
• /
• 1998

Niveteen stimulus photographs varied in hue and color scheme of one clothing style of Korean dress worn by a female were used to explore the differences in perceptive effect of clothing cues(color, color scheme, structure) on impression formation and graduate students. The data were analyzed by factor analysis, factor score, ANOVA and Scheffe-test. Results indicate perceptive effects of clothing cues on impression formation are influenced by gender-differences and major-difference of perceivers. Significant gender differences were found in perception of clothing cues on impression effect. Interaction effects were found between clothing cues and gender. Significant major differences were found in perception of clothing cues on impression effect. Interaction effects were found between clothing cues and perceiver's major. Female perceivers and perceivers of major-ing in Liberal Arts reacted to clothing cues on impression formation with greater sensitivity than male perceivers and perceivers of majoring in Natural Sciences. Frequent interaction effects between gender and color of China (cool-warm color), between major difference and color scheme(related color harmony-contrasting color harmony) appeared on factors of impression effect. The influence of perceiver variables on their perception of clothing cues for impression effcet has important implications for gender difference and perceiver's maforing backgroung in a social situation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
• /
• v.22 no.8
• /
• pp.1111-1121
• /
• 1998

The objectives of this study were to identify the dimensional structure of female impression formation based on ornaments and color of jacket, and to analyze the effect of ornaments, color of jacket, and perceiver's gender on impression formation. The experimental design was 3$\times$4$\times$2(ornaments$\times$color of jacket$\times$gender) factorial design by 3 independent variables. The stimuli of color photographs of female model and the semantic differential scale were used. Samples were 288 college males and females. The data were analyzed by factor analysis, ANOVA, duncan's multiple range test, and t-test. Four factors derived to account for the dimensions of impression formation. These were potency, elegance, evaluation, youthfulness, and feminine. Wearing of large ornaments(a necklace and earrings) had a negative effect on impression of elegance and positive on potency. Red jackets increased the impression of positive evaluation, potency, feminity, and youthfulness. On the jackets of achromatic color such as white and black, wearing of large ornaments increased the effect of potency, and large ornaments increased matured impression on black jacket. The results of this study mean that perceiverss used large ornaments and red jackets as a salient cue.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
• /
• v.30 no.7 s.155
• /
• pp.1012-1024
• /
• 2006

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of color, shirt tone, tie tone, perceiver's gender on impression formation by applying tone on tone coloration of shirt and necktie: coloration of two colors. The experimental materials developed for this study were a set of stimulus and response scales. The stimuli were 32 upper body photographs which were color outputs by CAD system(4D-box program). We unified those colors of shirts and neckties same, then made shirt and necktie tone differently. 27 bi-polar adjectives, each of which was graded into seven in its degree, were used to evaluate the impression. The subjects of this research were 192 male and 192 female college students in Gyeongnam province including Jinju City. The data was analyzed by using SPSS program. Analysis methods were four-way ANOVA. The items of the adjectives were classified into 5 impression dimension. - potency, activity, attractiveness, visibility and tenderness. Color, shirt tone, tie tone, and perceiver gender influenced on 5 impression formation by interaction as well as independently. Blue tie with vivid, light or dull tone had an effect on the formation of potency impression, vivid or light tone of shirt affected activity regardless of color or tie tone. As shirt and tie had different tone, effect on the formation of attractiveness impression, light tone had a negative effect on visibility but positive effect on tenderness. red color were more effective than blue expressed on visibility and tenderness in shirt or tie.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
• /
• v.19 no.6
• /
• pp.984-994
• /
• 1995

The dimensional structure of impression formed of a female figure in specific attire was identified and significant influence of skirt length and suit color on impression formed of figures in suits were researched in the part I of this study. In part ll, the effect of identical elements of apparel design on impression formation of a female figure in dress and pants- blouse were studied. The experimental matirals consisted of two sets of stimuli and 7 point semantic differential response scale developed in part 1. Each set of stimuli was composed of 20 drawings representing female figures in each attire. Three independent variables, which were the length of bottom, color of dress or pants and collar type of blouse, were manipulated in each stimulus. The experiment was arranged by 3 factorial design, and the data were analyzed by 3-way ANOVA and by Multiple Classification Analysis. To summarize, in impression formation of figure in dress, the most dominant design element was identified as bottom length and the second most dominant one was color of dress. In contrast, in perception of figure in pants-blouse, the most important design element was color of pants and secondly important one was bottom length. The collar type of top didn't have critical effect on impression formation of figures in both type of attire.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
• /
• v.31 no.8
• /
• pp.1297-1309
• /
• 2007

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of shirt color, tie color, tone, perceiver' gender on impression formation by applying tone-in-tone coloration of shirt and necktie: coloration of two colors. This experiment was designed to utilize the $2{\times}6{\times}4{\times}2$ factorial designs. and they are shirt color(red, blue), tie color(red, yellow red, yellow, green, blue, purple), tone(vivid, light, dull, dark), and perceiver' gender(a male, a female). The experimental materials developed for this study were a set of stimulus and response scales. The stimuli were 48 upper body photographs which were color outputs by CAD system(4D-box program). The subjects of this research were 288 male and 288 female college students. There were established impression dimension from factor analysis 27 bi-polar adjectives and investigated the effect of interaction between each variable affected impression formations. The items of the adjectives are classified into 4 Impression dimensions: activity, potency, attractiveness, and tenderness. Shirt color, tie color, tone, and perceiver' gender influenced on impression formation. Specially, tie color and tone influenced on the 4 impression dimension greatly by interaction as well as independently. As a result tie is very important clue of impression formation in tone-in-tone coloration of shirt and necktie. Even though tie occupies only a small area in men's clothes it has great effect since it is close to the face.

• Journal of Fashion Business
• /
• v.5 no.3
• /
• pp.73-84
• /
• 2001

The purpose of this study is to apply fundamental data of impression formation research by analysing and observing the various facial image that can be effected from hair style as well as be helpful for choosing suitable hair style for T.P.O in modern society. This study targeted 305 college women in Daegu and Gyung-book area. Hair Style Image Scale(HSIS)was used the scale of seven point modified the S-D(Semantic Differential) method. The analysis of impression formation effect of hair style using SPSS WIN package have completed from the principal component analysis by Varimax perpendicular rotation method and ANOVA was used to recognize the difference in impression formation according to hair style change. In the case of statistical difference was appeared, LSD post-verification was applied for that. The conclusions of this study is as followed ; 1. The factors of impression formation effected by hair style were classified as goodwill factor, refinement factor, elegance factor and individuality factor. 2. In terms of goodwill factor, long hair style showed highest level and short cut hair, bobbed hair in an order. In refinement factor, there was no difference between short cut hair and bobbed hair and both of them was higher than long hair. In elegance factor, long hair was highest and bobbed hair was lowest. In individuality factor, short cut hair and bobbed hair higher than long hair and no difference between short cut hair and bobbed hair.