• 대한한의학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.88-99
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• 1996

Impotence is defined as a consistent inability to achieve or maintain penile erection that is adequate for completion of sexual intercourse. In oriental midicine, the chief cause of impotence is the decline of the fire from the gate of life, and in western medicine that is psycogenic and organic. Because of the increase aging people and psycologic stress that modern people get, impotence became common. This bibliographic study on impotence in the oriental and western medicine books has come to the following conclusions. 1. The main cause of impotence in the oriental medicine is the decline of the fire from the gate of life(命門火衰), followed by the deficiency of both heart and spleen(心脾兩虛), the depression of Liver energy(肝氣鬱結), and attack of blended wetness and heat to the lower wanner(濕熱下注). 2. The theraphics of impotence in oriental medicine are warming and strenghthening Kidney. softness of Liver energy, tonifying the Kidney to relieve mental strain, clear away the wetness-heat, and infairment of Heart and Spleen. 3. The prescriptions of impotence are Yugyeyum, Gyibitang, Soyosan, Sunjitang, and Yongdamsagantang. 4. In the western medicine, psycotherapy, medical therapy and surgical therapy are the major way to treat impotence.

• 생물정신의학
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.278-282
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• 1998

Various neurotransmitters have been proposed as possible mediators of penile erection. Especially, norepinephrine and serotonin might have a important role in sexual arousal and penile erection. And it could be hypothesized that the psychogenic impotence is associated with the depletion or imbalance of norepinephrine and serotonin from evidences, such as the symptomatic manifestation of depression and the antidepressantinduced sexual dysfunction. The authors investigates the association of norepienphrine and serotonin with psychogenic impotence. The psychogenic impotent group(PIG) consisted of twenty-three patients with psychogenic impotence and the controlled group(CG) consisted of twenty-seven patients without psychogenic impotence. PIG had no organic cause accounting for their erectile dysfunction. The Beck Depression Inventory(BDI) and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory(STAI) were applied to each subject to assess mood, state anxiety(SA) and trait anxiety(TA). Plasma norepinephrine level from systemic blood and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid(HIAA) levels from 24-hours urine were measured in each subject. The mean score of BDI of PIG was significantly higher than that of CG(p=0.015). PIG had a tendency of higher TA compared with CG(p=0.054). And also SA was higher in PIG, but did not show significant difference(p=0.193). The level of norepinephrine was significantly lower in patient with psychogenic impotence(p=0.000). And the level of 24-hours urine 5-HIAA was lower in PIG but did not show significant difference(p=0.494). Although the authors did not exclude depressive disorders in PIG, the present findings suggest that psychogenic impotence might have higher depressive mood and trait anxiety, and be associated with the depletion of norepinephrine in systemic blood.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.209-214
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• 1989

Yasculogenic impotence is produced by abnormalities of vascular blood supply or drainage, and is the most common cause of various organic impotences. An increasing awareness of vascular causes of impotence has resulted from development of various diagnostic tests, but precise measurement of penile blood flow is difficult. Radionuclide penogram has been introduced recently to diagnose vasculogenic impotence. Forty-one impotent patients and 12 normal men were studied with radionuclide erection penogram using Tc-99m pertechnetate and an intracavernous injection of papaverine. We defined arteriogenic impotence as arterial index less than 0.66, and venogenic impotence as venous index greater than 0.09. By this criteria, the false positive ratio in normal men was 17%, and the false negative ratio in radically cystectomized patients was 0%. Side effects were small purpura of the penile shaft and dull pain during injection of papaverine. The radionuclide erection penogram was noninvasive and gave a dynamic evaluation of the arterial supply, venous drainage, and blood flow in the corporeal bodies. This method should be considered as a valuable adjunct to evaluate patients with vasculogenic impotence.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.336-340
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• 1995

Impairment of erectile function, although normally a benign disorder, has a profound impact on the well-being of many men. Penile erection is produced by a complex series of events involving cognition, peripheral sensory input, central and peripheral autonomic nervous events and hormonal vascular events. The multiplicity of potential determinants identified suggest that impotence does not inexorably accompany age, but it is an arugmented significantly modifiable paraaging phenomena. A 53 year old male patients developed sudden impotence. The patients did not respond to intracavernous injection of papaverine. This patient was successfuly treated with 4 repeated stellate ganglion blocks.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.92-98
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• 2014

경기도내 유통되고 있는 발기부전치료제 유사제품 51건(유사비아그라 26품목, 유사시알리스 25품목)에 대하여 발기부전치료제성분 및 그 유사물질을 조사하여 안전성을 평가하였다. 발기부전치료제성분 4종과 그 유사물질 17종에 대하여 HPLC/PDA, LC-MS/MS를 이용하여 정량 및 정성시험을 실시하였다. 유사비아그라의 경우에는 sildenafil 성분이 40~199 mg/정의 범위를 나타냈으며, 함량이 150 mg/정 넘는 제품이 65% 이상 이었다. Tadalafil과 sildenafil을 동시에 사용한 경우는 3개 제품에서 나타났다. 유사시알리스의 경우에는 주성분인 tadalafil이 모두 검출되지 않았고 비아그라의 주성분인 sildenafil만 102 mg/정~249 mg/정 검출되었다. 이 중 sildenafil 함량이 150 mg/정 넘는 제품이 88% 이상 이었으며, 1개 제품에서 발기부전치료제유사물질인 demethylhongdenafil이 90 mg/정 검출되었다. 이러한 발기부전치료제 유사제품은 권장 복용량보다 3배가 넘는 고 함량 제품이 대부분이었으며, 지속적인 감시와 유통차단이 요구된다고 본다.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.181-185
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• 1986

To estimate the penile blood flow changes during artificial with erection intracorporeal papaverine injection, we injected 99 m Technitium-Human Serum Albumin via antecubital vein simultaneously and calculate the radioisotope activity of the penis using computerized Gamma Camera. We classified the results into 3 groups according to the transit time, erection persistent time and venous index in 67 impotence patients. We defined the arteriogenic impotence with the delayed transit time (more than 600 seconds) in 13 patients and venogenic with the shortened erection persistant time (less than 200 seconds) and decreased venous index (less than 0.8) in 11 patients. The rest of them (43 patients) were regarded as equivocal impotence, probably nonvasculogenic or psychogenic.

• 분석과학
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.65-83
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• 2008

식품에 첨가할 수 없는 의약품이나 화학합성물질이 함유된 부정유해식품이 증가하고 있는 실정이다. 특히 발기부전치료제 성분인 실데나필, 바데나필 및 타다라필의 화학구조를 변형한 미지의 물질이 검출되고 있다. 또한 기존 식품의 기준규격 검사에 따른 단속을 피하기 위하여 성기능강화 등 치료효능을 지닌 의약품 성분의 화학구조를 변형한 불법으로 합성한 부정유해물질은 안전성이 전혀 입증되지 않았으므로 그 위해성이 우려되고 있다. 따라서 식품의 안전성을 확보하기 위하여 발기부전치료제의 화학구조를 변형한 호모실데나필, 홍데나필, 슈도바데나필, 아미노타다라필, 하이드록시호모실데나필, 하이드록시홍데나필, 디메틸실데나필, 잔소안트라필, 하이드록시바데나필, 노르네오실데나필, 데메틸홍데나필, 피페리디노홍데나필, 카보데나필, 치오실데나필, 디메틸치오실데나필, 아세틸바데나필의 총 16개의 발기부전치료 성분의 유사물질 관련 자료와 식품 중 부정유해물질의 규명 및 분석 현황을 정리하였다.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.371-376
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• 1994

저자들은 파파베린유도 음경발기촬영술이 발기부전 원인의 선별검사로서 유용한지를 알아보고자 정상인 12예와 제반검사에서 확진된 동맥성 발기부전 5예, 정맥성 발기부전 12예, 심인성 발기부전 11예, 혼합형 발기부전 8예 및 신경성 발기부전 19예를 대상으로 하여 파파베린의 국소 주사로 발기를 유도하고 $^{99m}Tc$-HSA를 정주하여 관심영역의 시간방사능곡선을 구한 다음 발기유발시간, 발기지속시간 및 정맥성 계수를 비교하였다. 동맥성 발기부전군에서 발기유발시간이 정상 대조군에 비해 지연되어 있었고, 정맥성 발기부전군에서는 정상대조군과 동맥성 발기부전군에 비하여 발기지속시간이 단축되었으며 정맥성계수는 더 낮았다. 심인성 발기부전군에서는 발기지속시간이 정상 대조군 및 동맥성 발기부전군에 비해 지연되어 있었다. 이상의 결과로 파파베린유도 음경발기촬영술은 동맥성과 정맥성 발기부전 뿐만 아니라 심인성 발기부전도 선별할 수 있는 좋은 검사법으로 생각되나 혼합형과 신경성 발기부전을 감별하지 못하는 단점이 있었다.

• 수완나부미
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.147-173
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• 2024

Nguyễn Huy Thiệp is a pillar in Vietnamese cultural life after the Second Indochina War, and the fates of men and women at the beginning of Đổi mới (Renovation) is one of the prominent themes in his short stories. To show off sexual power, seek glory, and maintain his dominant position, Thiệp's heroes engage in a game of oppressing the weak, hunting animals, and harassing women. However, due to the complex changes in social life, moral values, and gender inequality, men in the postwar period quickly experienced the feeling of humiliation, impotence, and failure. In turn, the sophisticated aspects of masculinity demonstrate the cultural and ethical concerns of contemporary Vietnamese society. By exploring the multidimensional nature of masculinity expressed in Thiệp's stories, this study aims to resolve misconceptions about gender and the relationship between men and women in his work.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.89-96
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• 2007

To determine 8 anti-impotence drug/drug-like compounds such as sildenafil, vardenafil, tadalafil, homosildenafil, hydroxyhomosildenafil, aminotadalafil, pseudovardenafil and hongdenafil in foods, simultaneously, high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC/MS) were used. The HPLC/UV analysis was performed on a column of capcellpak $C_{18}$ with 0.1% sodium-1-hexansulfonate in 0.2M ammonium formate/acetonitrile as a mobile phase. Mass spectra of the compounds by LC/MS were investigated with SCAN mode(Mass range and Fragment voltage) and SIM(Selected Ion Monitoring) mode (Ion target and Fragment voltage). The results follow as; 1. The HPLC/UV analysis was detected from 5 out of 63 samples. The content of sildenafil was in the range of 32.80 ppm ${\sim}$ 60.13 ppm from 4 out of 5 samples. The contents of sildenafil, vardenafil, homosildenafil were in the range 47.14 ppm from 1 out of 5 samples. 2. The conformed result of LC/MS was equal of detected from 5 out of 63 samples in HPLC/UV analysis. An easily available, simultaneous determination of 8 standards in adulterated health related foods was established by using a combination of LC/MS methods.