• Journal of The Korean Dental Society of Anesthesiology
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.116-118
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• 2009

The automatic implantable cardioverter defibrillator (AICD) has been widely used to treat recurrent malignant ventricular arrhythmia. Here, we case report 18 yr old patients implanted with Automatic implantable cardioverter defibrillator (AICD) who underwent surgical extraction under intravenous sedation and discuss the anesthetic implications for surgery.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.45-51
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• 2023

Andersen-Tawil syndrome (ATS) is a rare genetic disease characterized by a triad of episodic flaccid muscle weakness, ventricular arrhythmias, and physical anomalies. ATS patients have various cardiac arrhythmias that can cause sudden death. Implantation of an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) is required when life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias do not respond to medical treatment. An 11-year-old girl underwent surgery for an ICD implantation. For general anesthesia in ATS patients, anesthesiologists should focus on the potentially difficult airway, serious cardiac arrhythmias, such as ventricular tachycardia (VT), and delayed recovery from neuromuscular blockade. We followed the difficult airway algorithm, avoided drugs that can precipitate QT prolongation and fatal cardiac arrhythmias, and tried to maintain normoxia, normocarbia, normothermia, normoglycemia, and pain control for prevention of sympathetic stimulation. We report the successful application of general anesthesia for ICD implantation in a pediatric patient with ATS and recurrent VT.

• The Journal of the Korean life insurance medical association
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.12-15
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• 2011

Background: The beneficial effects of implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) in primary and secondary prevention patients are well established. However, data on potential differences between both groups in mortality are scarce. The aim of this study was to assess extra risk differences between primary and secondary prevention ICD recipients. Methods: Comparative mortality figures were calculated from a source article using mortality analysis methods. Results: Mortality ratio (MR) of primary and secondary prevention ICD recipients were 393% and 373%. Excess death rates (EDR) of both groups were 42 and 38 per 1,000. Discussion: MR and EDR were higher in primary prevention group. But, there was no significant difference.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.594-598
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• 2019

Overall complication rates of 9.1% have been reported following implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) placement. Brachial plexus injury is infrequently reported in the literature. We describe a 26-year-old female experiencing left arm nerve pain, a positive Tinel's sign, numbness in the median nerve distribution of the hand and biceps muscle weakness following revision ICD via subclavian vein approach. Nerve conduction studies identified severe partial left brachial plexopathy, which remained incompletely resolved with conservative management. Surgical exploration revealed lateral cord impingement by the ICD generator and a loop of the ICD lead, along with fibrosis, necessitating surgical neurolysis and ICD generator repositioning. As increasing numbers of patients undergo cardiac device implantation, it is incumbent on practitioners to be aware of potential increases in the prevalence of this complication.

• Korean Circulation Journal
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.13-27
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• 2024

Background and Objectives: Comprehensive epidemiological data are lacking on the incident atrial fibrillation (AF) in patients with cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs). This study aimed to examine the incidence, risk factors, and AF-related adverse outcomes of patients with CIEDs. Methods: This was an observational cohort study that analyzed patients without prevalent AF who underwent CIED implantation in 2009-2018 using a Korean nationwide claims database. The subjects were divided into three groups by CIED type and indication: pacemaker (n=21,438), implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD)/cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) with heart failure (HF) (n=3,450), and ICD for secondary prevention without HF (n=2,146). The incidence of AF, AF-associated predictors, and adverse outcomes were evaluated. Results: During follow-up, the incidence of AF was 4.3, 7.3, and 5.1 per 100 person-years in the pacemaker, ICD/CRT with HF, and ICD without HF cohorts, respectively. Across the three cohorts, older age and valvular heart disease were commonly associated with incident AF. Incident AF was consistently associated with an increased risk of ischemic stroke (3.8-11.4-fold), admission for HF (2.6-10.5-fold), hospitalization for any cause (2.4-2.7-fold), all-cause death (4.1-5.0-fold), and composite outcomes (3.4-5.7-fold). Oral anticoagulation rates were suboptimal in patients with incident AF (pacemaker, 51.3%; ICD/CRT with HF, 51.7%; and ICD without HF, 33.8%, respectively). Conclusions: A substantial proportion of patients implanted CIED developed newly diagnosed AF. Incident AF was associated with a higher risk of adverse events. The importance of awareness, early detection, and appropriate management of AF in patients with CIED should be emphasized.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2002.10b
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• pp.1001-1006
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• 2002

1 적용범위와 배경 각종 전동차에서 발생하는 자계의 발생을 살펴보고, 객실에서의 시뮬레이션과 측정결과를 바탕으로 인공심장박동기 및 이식형제세동기를 장착한 승객의 안전을 자속밀도에 대한 국제적인 요구사항 및 검토결과와 비교하여 이들 기준치의 안전성여부를 상세히 고찰해 보고자 한다. (중략)

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2008.04a
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• pp.127-128
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• 2008

현대인의 생활 습관 및 고령화 사회의 도래에 따라 심장질환자의 수는 기하급수적으로 늘어가고 있으며 특히 정맥 환자는 그 중에서 가장 큰 분포를 차지하고 있다. 따라서 심장질환의 검출 및 치료를 위한 기기의 개발 및 발전이 시급하다고 볼 수 있다. 그 중 본 고에서는 인체 이식형/삽입형 Pacemaker인 ICD(Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator)의 알고리즘을 소개하고자 한다. 본 고의 전체적인 구조는 ICD 기술의 필요성을 제시하고 본론에서는 부정맥(Arrhythmia) 소개 및 구현 대상, ICD 알고리즘 관련 국내외 현황, 빈맥의 검출 및 치료, 서맥의 검출 및 치료, 시뮬레이터 구현의 내용을 담았다 또한 알고리즘의 모듈 단위 구성도와 시뮬레이터(Simulator) UI(User Interface)를 제시하였다.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 1999.06a
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• pp.1063-1066
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• 1999

The delay of cardiac depolarization wave detection in the conventional pacemakers or AICD (automatic implantable cardioverter/ defibrillator, or ICD) has been overlooked. However, it is known that the delay may cause hemodynamic problems and may prevent the proper operation of a new automatic feature, automatic capture verification, that is to be appeared in the near-future devices. In order to reduce the effects of the delay, a delay prevention algorithm was developed and tested by applying three human electrograms. The algorithm set the sensing threshold just above the measured noise level to reduce the detection delay. It is found that the low threshold was able to reduce the delay by 20msec(average) In most cases. The implementation results showed reliability and efficacy of the algorithm, and the algorithm could be applicable to the existing hardware and software of the conventional pacemakers and AICD without any significant modifications.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.220-224
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• 2015

A patient presented with loss of consciousness and conversion. During an exercise test, catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT) resulted in cardiac arrest. He started taking medication (a beta-blocker and flecainide) and an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) was inserted, but the ventricular tachycardia did not resolve. Left cardiac sympathetic denervation (LCSD) was then performed under general anesthesia, and the patient was discharged on the second postoperative day without complications. One month after the operation, no shock had been administered by the ICD, and an exercise stress test did not induce ventricular tachycardia. Although beta- blockers are the gold standard of therapy in patients with CPVT, thoracoscopic LCSD is safe and can be an effective alternative treatment option for patients with intractable CPVT.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.61-63
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• 2011

Implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) can be a crucial therapeutic modality for pediatric patients with congenital heart disease, Brugada syndrome, long QT syndrome and cardiomyopathy. Because transvenous implantation of ICD is mostly unfeasible for pediatric patients due to anatomical and technical limitations, epicardial patch type or subcutaneous type ICD have been used. Implantation of these alternative ICDs, however, was reported to be frequently associated with significant complications. We report a case of successful intrapericardial implantation of a single coil-type ICD through the transverse sinus in a 27 month-old child weighing lesser than 10 kg, and it was inferred from this experience that this alternative technique may decrease complications and morbidities after ICD implantation in children.