• 한국자동차공학회논문집
• /
• 제6권5호
• /
• pp.174-181
• /
• 1998

Experimental and analytical studies are presented to characterize the break-up mechanism and atomization processes of the intermittent- impinging-type nozzle. Gasoline jets passing through the circular nozzle with the outlet diameter of 0.4mm and the injection duration of 10ms are impinged on each other. The impingement of fuel jets forms a thin liquid sheet, and the break-up of the liquid sheet produces liquid ligaments and droplets subsequently. The shape of liquid sheets was visualized at various impinging velocities and angles using the planer laser induced fluorescence (PLIF) technique. Based on the Kelvin-Helmholtz wave instability theory, the break-up length of liquid sheets and the droplet diameter are obtained by the theoretical analysis of the sheet disintegration. The mean diameter of droplet is also estimated analytically using the liquid sheet thickness at the edge and the wavelength of the fastest growing wave. The present results indicate that the theoretical results are favorably agreed with the experimental results. The size of droplets decreases after the impingement as the impinging angle or the injection pressure increase. The increment of the injection pressure is more effective than the increment of the impinging angle to reduce the size of droplets.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
• /
• 제4권3호
• /
• pp.211-219
• /
• 1996

In a small high-speed D. I. diesel engine, the injected fuel spray into the atmosphere of the high temperature is burnt by go through the process of break up, atomization, evaporation and process of ignition. These process are important to decide the emission control and the rate of fuel consumption and out put of power. Especially, in the case of injected fuel spray impinging on the wall of piston cavity, the geometry of piston cavity gives great influence the ignitability of injected fuel and the flame structure. Ordinary, the combustion chamber of driving engine have unsteady turbulent flow be attendant on such as the change of temperature, velocity and pressure. So the analysis of spray behavior is difficult. In this study, the spray was impinged on the wall of 3 types of piston cavity such as Dish, Toroidal, Re-entrant type, in order to analyze the combustion process of impinging spray precisely and systematically. And hot wire probe was used for analyze non-steady flow characteristics of impinging spray, and to investigate the behavior of spray, the aspects of concentration c(t), standard deviation σ(t) and variation factor(vf) was measured with the lapse of time.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
• /
• 제22권9호
• /
• pp.1277-1289
• /
• 1998

The objective of the present study is to investigate experimentally the mean flow characteristics of the three-dimensional turbulent boundary layer over a rotating disk with an impinging jet at the center of the disk, which may be regarded as one of the simplest models for the flow in turbomachinery. A relatively strong radial outflow (crossflow) generated from the impinging jet is added to the radial outflow (crossflow) induced by the centrifugal force in order to create the three-dimensional boundary layer. A new calibration technique has been introduced to determine the velocity direction and magnitude using an I-wire probe, where the uncertainties are ${\pm}1.5^{\circ}$ and ${\pm}0.35\;m/s$, respectively, in the laminar boundary layer region, compared with the known exact solutions. The flow in the tangential direction is of similar type to that associated with a favorable pressure gradient, considering that no wake region appears in wall coordinate velocity profiles and the Clauser shape factor is between 4.0 and 5.3. The flow angle is significantly changed by the crossflow generated by the impinging jet.

• 한국추진공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국추진공학회 2017년도 제48회 춘계학술대회논문집
• /
• pp.949-952
• /
• 2017

본 논문에서는 충돌형 분사기를 이용하여 수직분사 실험을 진행하였으며, 기존의 단공 오리피스의 분사기와 비교하여 분무특성에 어떠한 변화가 있는지 실험적으로 연구하였다. 또한 동일 오리피스 길이 대 직경비(L/d = 5)를 갖는 분사기를 바탕으로 충돌각(60, 90, 120)의 변화에 따른 액체 분무특성을 파악하였다. Top view의 기준 방향으로 y 방향에서의 분열길이 결과를 보면, 충돌각이 증가할수록 분열길이가 전체적으로 감소함을 알 수 있었다. 반면에 충돌형 분사기를 side view 기준으로 보았을 때, x 방향에서의 분열길이는 이전 단공노즐에서의 분열길이보다 더욱 감소하였으며, 이는 단공노즐의 분사기보다 충돌형 분사기의 미립화 성능이 우수함을 의미한다.

• 한국항공우주학회지
• /
• 제33권1호
• /
• pp.62-68
• /
• 2005

액체로켓 가스발생기를 위한 인젝터를 설계하여 분사특성을 살펴보았다. 인젝터는 F-O-F triplet impinging이고 모의 추진제로 kerosene/물을 사용하였다. 인젝터의 형상설계 변수는 충돌각과 충돌거리이며 이를 이용하여 5가지의 후보 요소 인젝터를 설계하였으며, 모의 추진제를 사용하여 분사 특성을 실험하였다. 분사특성을 측정하기 위한 인자는 혼합효율과 분사각으로 모의 추진제 운동량비 0.2~1.3 범위에서 분사유량과 국부 O/F비를 측정하고 혼합효율을 계산하였다. 가스발생기용 인젝터는 농염한계의 O/F비 때문에 가장 높은 효율과 적절한 분사 각을 갖는 요소 인젝터를 선정하였고 연소 특성을 연구하기 위하여 연소실험을 실시하였다.

• 한국생산제조학회지
• /
• 제6권2호
• /
• pp.34-41
• /
• 1997

The objective of this study is to investigate experimentally the frequency characteristics of the hole tones generated by a circular jet of low speed impinging on a plate with a round hole. The experimental results about the sound spectrum and the time wave of the hole tone are presented and discussed in relation with the hole type, the jet velocity and the distance of the nozzle-to-plate with a round hole. From the sound spectrum and time wave measurements, it is found that the hole tone is generated not only by an interaction of convected vortices with a round hole but also by a series of vortex shedding from jets passing through a hole. The hole tones generated by a feedback mechanism consist of many frequency stages and also have a hysteresis phenomenon like an edge tone. But the hole tones generated by a series of vortex shedding have nothing with the stage characteristics. The frequencies of hole tones are influenced by the jet velocity, the distance of the nozzle-to-plate with a round hole and the hole type.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한기계학회 2000년도 추계학술대회논문집B
• /
• pp.87-92
• /
• 2000

This study is to investigate the heat transfer characteristics the for a round turbulent jet impinging on the flat plate with and without rib. Liquid crystal/transient method was used to determine the Nusselt number distributions along the surface. The temperature on the surface was measured using liquid crystal and a digital color image processing system. The experiments were made fur the jet Reynolds number (Re) 23,000, the dimensionless nozzle-to-surface distance (L/d) from 2 to 10, and the rib type [height ($d_1$) 2mm, pitch (p) from 12 to 36mm]. It was found that for $L/d{\ge}6$ the average Nusselt numbers on the flat plate with rib type C ($p/d_1=16$) are higher than those without rib, mainly due to an increase in the turbulent intensity caused by flow separation, recirculation and reattachment on the wall surface.

• 한국분무공학회지
• /
• 제2권4호
• /
• pp.22-28
• /
• 1997

In this paper an experimental study of a spray created by two impinging jets is presented utilizing a novel two-reference-beam double-pulse holographic technique. Visualization of the overall spray pattern as well as measurements on the size and velocity of the droplets were performed with the special emphasis on the effect of physical properties of liquids. The overall spray pattern clearly revealed the inherent wave nature In the disintegration process of this type of atomization. The structure of liquid elements near the impingement point is indicative of the mechanisms of the disintegration process. Surface tension plays an important role in the droplet size without any noticeable effect on the spray pattern, whereas viscosity affects the structure without any significant effect on the droplet sire. The droplet velocities were not affected by liquid properties.

• 동력기계공학회지
• /
• 제13권5호
• /
• pp.34-39
• /
• 2009

In this paper, the CFD analysis using various turbulent models has been performed to evaluate which type of turbulent models can predict well the mixing flow structure of $45^{\circ}$ impinging round jet. This CFD analysis has been carried out through the commercial Fluent software. As a result, any of turbulent models cannot predict the experimental results definitely all over the flow range. However, as compared with the experimental results, the turbulent model of realizable(RLZ) k-$\varepsilon$ only predicts well in the limited range between X/$X_0=1.1$ and X/$X_0=2.0$.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
• /
• 제9권4호
• /
• pp.18-26
• /
• 2001

OSKA engine was developed to remove the dense core of injection sprays. The engine uses impinging spray on a small pip, which spray after impinging is broken into smaller drops and disperses into fee space in chamber. In this paper the pip size is analyzed to give more dispersion of spray and fuel vapor. The gas phase is modelled by the Eulerian continuum conservation equations of mass, momentum, energy and fuel vapour fraction. The liquid phase is modelled following the discrete droplet model approach in Lagrangian form, and the droplet wall interaction is modelled as a function of the velocity normal to impaction lands. The droplet distributions, vapor fractions and gas flows are analyzed for various injection pressure cases. Numerical results indicate that the land diameter of 5.6mm has the best performance of spray dynamics and vaporization in the test sizes.