• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
• /
• v.29 no.2
• /
• pp.136-143
• /
• 2021

Objectives : The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak is a global medical crisis imposing particular burden on public sector employees. The aim of this study was to investigate the psychiatric distress among public sector workers amid the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods : We conducted a cross-sectional study with 531 public sector workers in Gwangmyung city who completed Korean versions of the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), and Impact of Event Scale-Revised-Korean (IES-R-K). Results : The results revealed more than moderate levels of stress (85.2%), depressive symptoms (22.2%), and posttraumatic stress symptoms (38.8%). PSS total score was significantly correlated with PHQ-9, IES-R-K total scores as well as IES-R-K subscale scores. Total scores on the PSS, PHQ-9, and IES-R-K were all inversely correlated with age. Conclusions : COVID-19-related workers experience considerable stress and depressive symptoms, with self-rated stress correlating significantly with depression scores. Age may serve as a protective factor against occupational stress and burnout. These findings highlight the need for adequate psychiatric screening and intervention for public sector workers.

• The Korean Journal of Financial Management
• /
• v.23 no.2
• /
• pp.143-170
• /
• 2006

We explore how stock returns and volatility have been impacted by securities market stimulating and controlling plans during the 1980-2004 period, using return analysis, event study, and BFL tests. First, we examine effectiveness of the stimulating plans for a depressed market and the controlling plans for an overheated market with respect to different firm sizes and industries as well as the whole market. KOSPI, large-sized, finance, and manufacturing company stock prices significantly rise following stimulating plans, implying that the plans are quite effective. Controlling plans also seem effective as stock prices stop rising and tend to decline following the plans. Second, we test whether securities market plans have any further impact with respect to fun sizes and industries in addition to the impact on the entire market. Only large-sized stocks show additional response to stimulating plans, while small-sized, electrical-electronic equipment, distribution, and manufacturing industries are further impacted by controlling plans. Third, the results of BFL tests show that volatility does not change around the announcement dates of stimulating and controlling plans. It appears that securities market plans have no impact on volatility. Only stock returns respond to the plans.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.63-73
• /
• 2005

This study was performed to characterize stormwater runoff of pollution material from nonpoint sources during rainfall in drainage basins of Hongjechun watershed, and to suggest management methods to control the first flush of nonpoint sources. We conducted 4 times of field surveys including 3 times of wet period and 1 times of dry period for 5 stations, which consist of 3 stations in main stream of Hongjechun and 1 station in tributaries of Sinyoungchun and Gukichun, respectively. The variation of pollutant concentrations in terms of BOD, COD, SS and TP was large depending on the flow rate of stormwater, while a little change of TN concentration was investigated. Depending on the rainfall event, the difference of flowrates, and runoff loadings was large, while the difference of those for dry wether period was not noticeable for various sub-basins. In the results of unit load calculation, the range of 153-277 kg/ha/yr for BOD, 222-422 kg/ha/yr for COD, 264-432 kg/ha/yr for SS, 40-70kg/ha/yr for TN, and 13-25 kg/ha/yr for TP was obtained for Hongjechun, Sinyoungchun, and Gukichun sub-basins. Compared with the previous studies, the result of this study was founded to be acceptable.

• Journal of Climate Change Research
• /
• v.8 no.4
• /
• pp.287-295
• /
• 2017

This paper provides a mathematical approach for estimating flood risks due to the effects of climate change by developing a one dimensional (1D) hydraulic model for the mountainous river reaches located close to the Yeongwol thermal power plant. Input data for the model, including topographical data and river discharges measured every 10 minutes from July $1^{st}$ to September $30^{th}$, 2013, were imported to a 1D hydraulic model. Climate change scenarios were estimated by referencing the climate change adaptation strategies of the government and historical information about the extreme flood event in 2006. The down stream boundary was determined as the friction slope, which is 0.001. The roughness coefficient of the main channels was determined to be 0.036. The results show the effectiveness of the riverbed widening strategy through the six flooding scenarios to reduce flood depth and flow velocity that impact on the power plant. In addition, the impact of upper Namhan River flow is more significant than Dong River.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.140-144
• /
• 2023

In recent years, there are so many serious crashes involving coaches, especially the frontal collision occupies 40% of the front of the vehicle, Frontal collisions account for 100% of the front of the vehicle affecting the driver and side-impact collisions that injure the person in the vehicle. Therefore, the research into improving and optimizing the structure is necessary for risk of injury for passengers in frontal accidents. In this paper, we have designed a Shock absorber that can absorb collision energy. Research using HYPERMESH software. to build the finite element model and calculate the meshing to suit the mesh size of 5mm. apply LS-DYNA software to calculate structural strength. In the study, for a vehicle to collide with a hard obstacle occupying 100% of the head of the vehicle. Then, the experimental design method, Minitab is used for find the structural parameters in the design. Improvement results showed that the acceleration of the impact on passengers and the driver is decreased by 55,17%. The mass of texture improvements is reduced by 11%, according to the requirements of European Standards ECE R94.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
• /
• v.18 no.6
• /
• pp.393-399
• /
• 2009

The water of rivers and lakes are affecting by point and nonpoint source pollutions. The point source pollution can be controlled by establishing the treatment plants. However, nonpoint source pollution by various human activities is not easy to be controlled because it is difficult to determine the exits of the water flow and have many exit points. Due to contribution of nonpoint source pollution, the achievement ratio of water quality in rivers and lakes is not high. TMDL is the outstanding water quality control policy because all of the pollutant loadings from the watershed area are counting on the input loads. Our aqua-ecosystem has self-purification process by biological, physical and ecological processes. The self-purification process can remove the pollutant load from background concentrations. Usually forest area is main source of background concentrations. In Korea, about 70% of the national boundary area consists of mountains. This study is conducting as part of long-term monitoring to determine the Event Mean Concentration during a storm. The monitoring was performed on a broad-leaved tree area.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.55 no.7
• /
• pp.2504-2515
• /
• 2023

In past years the Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI, Switzerland) and the Karlsruhe Institue of Technology (KIT, Germany)) collaborated to develop a model to account for the active role of nitrogen in the air oxidation of a Zircalloy cladding. The "PSI-KIT Nitriding Model for Zirconium based Fuel Cladding" model was implemented at PSI into PSI-MELCOR 1.8.6. In order to make a preliminary evaluation of the effect of the new model on the evolution of full-scale spent fuel pool accidents, one spent fuel pool event was analyzed using the PSI research version of PSI-MELCOR 1.8.6, which includes the nitriding model. To adapt an existing input deck for the calculations, a sensitivity study was conducted to find an optimal nodalization for the analyses. The nitriding model results were compared to those calculated with the MELCOR 1.8.6-PSI without the new nitriding model. The results demonstrate the effect of the nitriding reactions in spent fuel pool accident progression. Moreover, they confirm the impact of ZrN formation during cladding oxidation in air when the oxidation reactions lead to oxygen starvation inside the fuel assemblies. The nitriding reaction led to higher chemical heat generation during the accident and to an earlier failure of the cladding than when the effect of nitrogen reactions was not considered. It should be noted that the nitriding model, as implemented in the PSI version of MELCOR 1.8.6 has not yet been conclusively validated. Thereby the results presented in this paper should be treated as a preliminary demonstration of the capabilities of the model.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
• /
• 2015.05a
• /
• pp.397-397
• /
• 2015

The frequency of urban floods is recently increased as a consequence of climate change and haphazard development in urban area. To mitigate and prevent the flood damage, we generally utilized a numerical model to investigate the causes and risk of urban flood. Contrary to general flood inundation model simulating only the surface flow, the model needs to consider flow of the sewer network system like SWMM and ILLUDAS. However, this kind of model can not consider the interaction between the surface flow and drainage network. Therefore, we tried to evaluate the impact of bidirectional interaction between sewer and surface flow in urban flooding analysis based on simulations using the quasi-interacted model and the interacted model. As a general quasi-interacted model, SWMM5 and FLUMEN are utilized to analyze the flow of drainage network and simulate the inundation area, respectively. Then, FLO-2D is introduced to consider the interaction between the surface flow and sewer system. The two method applied to the biggest flood event occurred in July 2011 in Sadang area, South Korea. Based on the comparison with observation data, we confirmed that the model considering the interaction the sewer network and surface flow, showed a good agreement than the quasi-interacted model.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
• /
• 2005.10a
• /
• pp.1231-1236
• /
• 2005

Global construction projects manifest more risks than do other industries. Often, firms doing business in construction markets find these risks intimidating. To secure corresponding profits, many global contractors attempt to forecast the effects of risks and establish risk management strategies. However, one key problem with present-day risk management methods is that they are basically analytical or mathematical-oriented approaches which are not easy to adopt in real business. Based on preliminary investigations and evaluations of current tools, this research elicits more practical algorithms for risk checklist by constructing risk scenarios over the whole period of project execution. For the application of the algorithms, a "SE/RF" (Source-Event/Regular-Floating) checklist is suggested, which sorts out risk sources and their subsequent events, as well as dividing various risk factors into either regular or floating categories. In addition, the "PIS" (Probability-Impact-Significance) method is introduced, in place of traditional "PI" (Probability-Impact) methods, by adding the additional criterion of "risk significance" to determine the degree of risk exposure in a more realistic way. As a result, we draw the significant finding that the "PIS" method presents a closer evaluation regarding degree of risk exposure as compared to the level of expert judgments than those from traditional methods. Finally, we provide an integrated procedure for international project risk management with all of the research achievements being incorporated.

• Perspectives in Nursing Science
• /
• v.13 no.1
• /
• pp.1-9
• /
• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the current state of research on healthcare professionals who make medical errors, who are known as "second victims", and support systems for them. Methods: An extensive search was conducted in electronic databases, Google, and websites related to patient safety using search terms such as "second victims", "medical errors", "adverse events", and "sentinel events". Results: Research to date in Korea has rarely focused on healthcare professionals' experiences after making medical errors. Abroad, there are comprehensive and systematic reviews of the impact of medical errors on healthcare professionals, their coping responses, and support systems for these second victims. Additionally, several institutes related to patient safety provide official guidelines and accessible support systems to support second victims in the aftermath of medical errors, especially serious adverse events. Conclusion: The impact of medical errors on healthcare professionals is profound and complex. Although systematic support systems for second victims are imperative, this has been overlooked in Korea. Thus, more research about the experiences of healthcare professionals after medical errors needs to be conducted prior to developing support systems or programs. Additionally, further efforts are required to raise awareness of the necessity of supporting healthcare professionals in healthcare systems.