• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.30 no.9
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• pp.755-762
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• 2006

When we consider to develop a new harbor, the most important factor, we think, is the lowest water depth of waterway and approaching channel for safe navigation of vessel. The existing harbors have been being dredged to meet the international trend of jumbo sized vessels by adopting the new design criteria. As the dredged materials over the expected at the design level were common and there are still lack of land based reclamation area, we have no choice to discharge the dredged materials in open sea area In this study, we analysed the behavior of discharged materials at the dumping area of offshore, which were collected from the dredging work at the waterway in Busan New Port. We measured the tidal currents and analyzed the waters of dumping site after the dumping work. These were used to evaluate the numerical models. Suspended Solids(SS) were introduced to the diffusion model. Because of the characteristic of the dumping site, the speed of initial diffusion and settle down of the discharged materials was so fast. Therefore, we believe that the dumped materials do not cause a significant impact to the marine environment.

• Explosives and Blasting
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.1-10
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• 2005

Blast-induced ground vibration nay cause an environmental impact such as neighbour's complaints or damage on adjacent structures and facilities. Complaints associated with blasting have often become a target of public grievances. One of the difficulties to solve the problem is that we do not have a national standard for the acceptance level of blast-induced ground vibration. A peak particle velocity criterion, which was suggested for urbane underground construction, has often been widely used. Efforts have been made to establish more rational criteria. It seems that differing cultures have often differing thresholds of the toleration of vibration, and that technical data or rational grounds for establishing the limits are hardly provided. In this paper, national standards for allowable limit of blast vibration were presented and discussed.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.19-26
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• 2010

Discharged materials from the point or non-point source are released into the sea, and as the results, marine environment is directly affected. We must estimate the impacts of contaminants to marine pollution rapidly and accurately. Therefore, it is needed on early warning system for appreciating marine environmental impacts, and required a bioassay to evaluate abnormal changes. A bioassay test was developed to examine the effects of heavy metal contaminants on the early life stages of the marine annimals. We have studied the effects of metals on early development of a sea urchin species, Strongylocentrotus intermedius. S. intermedius embryos were tested with six metals (Cu, Ag, Zn, Cd, Cr, Ni) and showed the highest sensitivity to Cu as well as the lowest sensitivity to Cd. The order of biological impact for metals was Cu>Ag>Ni>Zn>Cr>Cd. In accordance with the results, sea urchins embryos can provide biological criteria for seawater quality assessment. The sensitivity of developmental bioassay whith S. intermedius is at intermediate level among marine organisms commonly used in aquatic bioassays. And this sea urchin can be routinely employed as a test organism for ecotoxicity assays.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.399-414
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to review and identify factors relevant to workplace bullying in nursing. Methods: Twenty-three studies that met the criteria were selected from a sample of twenty-six studies. These articles were retrieved from a central literature databases (N=13,241). The total correlational effect size (ESr) for each related factor was calculated from Fisher's Zr. A funnel plot inspection (similar to scatter plot) with a trim-and-fill method was used to assess the publication bias of the meta-analyzed studies. Results: From the systematic review, fifty-one factors were identified as having an influencing effect. Fourteen factors (five individual and nine organizational factors) were eligible for meta-analysis. The individual factors included, self-esteem (ESr=-.31), psychological capital (ESr=-.26), and marital status (ESr=-.06) which were significantly correlated with workplace bullying. Organizational factors included, organizational tolerance (ESr=.48), supervisor incivility (ESr=.47), job stress (ESr=.46), group morale (ESr=-.36), group support (ESr=-.35), supervisor leadership (ESr=-.35), group identity (ESr=-.33), and structural empowerment (ESr=-.27). These factors were significantly correlated with workplace bullying. There were no publication biases except for both individual and organizational factors. Conclusion: Organizational factors have more of an greater impact than individual factors on workplace bullying. The results of this study support the need for intervention at the organizational level.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.31-39
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• 2019

Purpose - This study aims to investigate and analyze the factors that affect women's work productivity based on ethnic in the food and beverage industry. Also, it is also to determine whether there are differences in the productivity of female workers based on these ethnic groups. Research design, data, and Methodology - The approach of this research is quantitative by using multiple linear regression analysis and analysis of different tests using SPSS and tested on 114 samples of female workers in various small-scale, medium-sized food and beverage industry categories and large in Makassar City, Indonesia. Determination of samples based on proportional stratified sampling. Industry sampling criteria based on some workers, assets and wealth. Results and Conclusions - The results of this study state that health, years of service, work ethic, age, wages, and work environment have a significant effect on work productivity. While the level of education, the number of dependents does not have a considerable impact, the fact that there is a difference in the productivity index of female workers in a significant sector is compared to small and medium scale enterprises, including the variables of government policies related to pension insurance, work accident insurance and health insurance.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.551-558
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• 2020

This study aims to increase the ability to adapt to the ecosystem and promote a sustainable use of the natural environment, by classifying the types of damaged lands according to various factors, such as the characteristics of the target area and form, cause, and impact of damage. Moreover, the study suggests the development of evaluation categories and criteria by each type. The results obtained are as follows: first, for the assessment of damaged lands, the changed areas were identified utilizing land cover maps. Video analysis was performed to increase the accuracy, and 88 sites were obtained. Second, the types of damage were classified into ecological infrastructure and ecological environment, and the sub-factors of the cause of damage were classified into 12 factors. Third, each evaluation system for the types of damage was composed of four steps, considering each type of damage and the level of evaluators being higher than paraprofessionals. To supplement this study, it will be necessary to utilize the database of damaged lands other than the Seoul Metropolitan Area and conduct an on-site survey for verification in the future.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute Of Construction Engineering and Management
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.425-430
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• 2007

Although waste management in construction industry has a significant impact on both economical and environmental issues, the current level of waste management performance in Korean construction is reported as relatively low. In this context, this study aimed to suggest the considerations for the improved construction waste management guideline, which leads to the effective waste management on a construction site. In order to reach this goal, the existing domestic construction waste management guidelines were analyzed based on the criteria of the environmental management procedure of ISO 14001. These considerations were described in three aspects such as "planning", "implementation and operation", and "checking and corrective actions".

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.7
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• pp.509-516
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• 2021

This study aims to find out and measure the level of factors affecting the applicability of environmental management accounting (EMA) in Vietnamese automobile industry enterprises. Data was collected using both quantitative and qualitative methods. First, in general research, qualitative methodology was used to find out factors (variables) that can impact the possibility of implementing EMA in Vietnamese automobile enterprises. Second, in detailed research, all variables are measured using a quantitative method by collecting data through sampling and sending questionnaires. 500 questionnaires were sent to automobile enterprise managers and only 352 questionnaires met the criteria for the data analysis. The study used a mixed research design approach- a procedure for collecting, analyzing, and "mixing" both quantitative and qualitative research and methods in a single study to understand the research problem. Results show that 7 factors affect the possibility of implementing EMA in Vietnamese automobile industry enterprises. These factors are coercive pressure, normative pressure, mimetic pressure, business environmental uncertainty, environmental strategy, benefits when applying EMA, and task complexity. Based on the results of the study, promoting EMA in the automotive industry should depend mainly on the role of governmental departments.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.233-242
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• 2023

This study intends to investigate the impact of leadership style on civil servants' (in 4 ministries representatives of the Indonesian government) readiness to change and relocate to the future capital of Indonesia (Ibu Kota Nusantara / IKN). The quantitative approach was used from the data survey from 62 high-level civil servant representatives using a questionnaire. The collected data was analyzed using the SPSS software and exploratory factor analysis (EFA). The findings also indicated that, out of the 12 indicators of leadership style measured in this study, persuasion and integration leadership style should be considered crucial and important factors in shaping supportive behavior in the context of readiness for change. Making the relocation process successful requires avoiding the type of initiation structure leadership style. The finding of this study reveals that to choose the best leaders, the Indonesian government is urged to use these two criteria (persuasion and integration leadership style), especially for those in charge of facilitating the relocation process to IKN. Additionally, to demonstrate their confidence and make full use of their resources, leaders who are in command must be able to anticipate that the relocation of civil servants would go smoothly with less risk.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.5-15
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• 2014

This study is to quantitatively evaluate the impact on surrounding groundwater of waterway tunnel excavation and cofferdam construction in which A-dam and B-dam, so prediction of groundwater fluctuation and tunnel lining installation was studied. As a result, drawdown of groundwater level during tunnel excavation and cofferdam construction occurred about 3.58 m in the tunnel shaft. The initial condition of groundwater level recovered by up to 90 % was simulated after the completed the construction of the tunnel and lining installation. Groundwater inflow in the tunnel evaluated was analyzed to have exceeding water design criteria of the tunnel. The groundwater inflow is reduced to maximum $0.006m^3/min/km$ after lining installation done in the tunnel, so effect of lining installation was evaluated as 93 % or more. Drawdown of about 0.04~0.31 m occurs in the houses and temples analysis of groundwater system of the surrounding area from construction. Drawdown has occurred nearly by considering annual groundwater level fluctuation of National Groundwater Observation Network.