• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2003.06a
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• pp.1398-1401
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• 2003

Recently, The PolyPropylene(PP) Foam used as Bumper and Helmet is well known as a protective material for products. In this paper, the effect of the density of PP foams on the absorption of the impact energy is implemented. The result of the experiment has revealed that the effect of the high-density PP foams is remarkably increased compared with that of the low-density PP foams. And it also shows that the absorption of the impact energy of PP foams are greatly influenced by the density in impact velocity(220cm/s). These results are expected to be utilized for the technique of manufacturing a optimum impact structure.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.48-53
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• 2007

The objective of this paper is to investigate the influence of impact conditions on the impact characteristics of the stainless sheet for the case of the fixed boundary conditions. In order to examine impact characteristics of the sheet, three-dimensional finite element analyses and impact tests have been performed. High speed tensile tests have been carried out to obtain strain-stress relationships including the effects of the strain rate. In order to improve an accuracy of the FE analysis, the hyper-elastic model and the damping factor have been introduced. The results of the FE analyses and the impact tests have been shown that the diameter of the impact head does not affect the absorption energy of the stainless sheet. In addition, it has been shown that the absorption rate of energy maintains almost $82.5\;\sim\;83.5\;%$ irrespective of the impact energy level and the diameter of the impact head. From the results of FE analyses, the variation of stress and strain energy in the stainless sheet has been quantitatively examined.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.191-203
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• 2000

This paper describes the beneficial effect of weldment imperfection of the cask impact limiter, by applying intermittent-weld, for impact energy absorbing behavior. From the point of view of energy absorbing efficiency of an energy absorber, it is desirable to reduce the crush load resistance and increase the deformation of the energy absorber within certain limit. This paper presents the test results of intermittent-weldment and the analysis results of cask impacts and the discussions of the improvement of impact mitigating effect by the imperfect-weldment. The rupture of imperfect weldment of an impact limiter improves the energy-absorbing efficiency by reducing the crush load amplitude without loss of total energy absorption. The beneficial effect of weldment imperfection should be considered to the cask impact limiter design.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.81-87
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• 2008

In this study, concerns the crashworthiness of the widely used vehicle structure, square thin-walled tubes, which are excellent on the point of the energy absorbing capacity. An experimental investigation was carried out to study the energy absorption characteristics of thin-walled square tubes subjected to dynamic crushing by axial loading to develop the optimum structural members. The impact velocity was tested in the rage $4.698{\sim}8.2m/s$. To efficiently review the collapse characteristics of these sections, the simulation have been carried out using explicit FEM package, LS-DYNA. The solutions compared with results the impact collapse experiment. Here, the controller are introduced to improve and control the absorbed energy of thin-walled square tubes in this paper. To predict and control the energy absorption, we designed it in consideration to the it's influence, height, thickness, wide ratio in this study. When the controller used, the experimental results of crushing of square tubes controlled by the controller's elements showed a good candidate for a controllable energy absorption capability in impact axial crushing.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.27 no.11
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• pp.46-56
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• 2010

The present research works investigated into the low velocity impact characteristics of DP 780 high strength steel sheet with 1.7 mm in thickness subjected to free boundary condition using three-dimensional finite element analysis. Finite element analysis was carried out via ABAQUS explicit code. Hyper-elastic model and the damping factor were introduced to improve an accuracy of the FE analysis. An appropriate FE model was obtained via the comparison of the results of the FE analyses and those of the impact tests. The influence of the impact energy and nose diameter of the impact head on the force-deflection curves, impact time, absorption characteristics of the impact energy, deformation behaviours, and stress-strain distributions was quantitatively examined using the results of FE analysis. The results of the FE analysis showed that the absorption rate of impact energy lies in the range of the 70.7-77.5 %. In addition, it was noted that the absorption rate of impact energy decreases when the impact energy increases and the nose diameter of the impact head decreases. The local deformation of the impacted region was rapidly increased when the impact energy was larger than 76.2 J and the nose diameter was 20 mm. A critical impact energy, which occur the instability of the DP780, was estimated using the relationship between the plastic strain and the impact energy. Finally, characteristics of the plastic energy dissipation and the strain energy density were discussed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Technology Engineers
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.782-789
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• 2010

It is important to satisfy the requirements and standards for the protections of passengers in a car accident. There are lots of studies on the crushing energy absorption of a structure member in automobiles. In this paper, we have studied to investigate collapse characteristics and moisture absorption movements of CFRP( carbon fiber reinforced plastics) structure members when CFRP laminates are under the hygrothermal environment. In particular, the absorbed energy, mean collapse load and deformation mode were analyzed for CFRP members which absorbed most of the collision energy. Also, variation of stacking angle is important to increase the energy absorption capability. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the strength reduction and moisture absorption behavior of CFRP hat shaped member. Therefore we have made a impact collapse experiment to research into the difference of absorbed energy and deformation mode between moisture absorbed specimen and non-moisture absorbed. As a result, the effect of moisture absorption and impact loads of approximately 50% reduction in strength are shown.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.91 no.1
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• pp.75-86
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• 2024

In this paper, the porous metal PM-35 is proposed as the filler material of filled thin-walled tubes (FTTs), and a series of experimental study is conducted to investigate the dynamic behavior and energy absorption performance of PM-35 filled thin-walled tubes under impact loading. Firstly, cylinder solid specimens of PM-35 steel are tested to investigate the impact mechanical behavior by using the Split Hopkinson pressure bar set (SHP); Secondly, the filled thin-walled tube specimens with different geometric parameters are designed and tested to investigate the feasibility of PM-35 steel applied in FTTs by the orthogonal test. According to the results of this research, it is concluded that PM-35 steel is with the excellent characteristics of high energy absorption capacity and low yield strength, which make it a potential filler material for FTTs. The micron-sizes pore structure of PM-35 is the main reason for the macroscopic mechanical behavior of PM-35 steel under impact loading, which makes the material to exhibit greater deformation when subjected to external forces and obviously improve the toughness of the material. In addition, PM-35 steel core-filled thin-wall tube has excellent energy absorption ability under high-speed impact, which shows great application potential in the anti-collision structure facilities of high-speed railway and maglev train. The parameter V0 is most sensitive to the energy absorption of FTT specimens under impact loading, and the sensitivity order of different variations to the energy absorption is loading speed V0>D/t>D/L. The loading efficiency of the FTT is affected by its different geometry, which is mainly determined by the sleeve material and the filling material, which are not sensitive to changes in loading speed V0, D/t and D/L parameters.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.311-323
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• 2004

This paper is to study the energy absorption characteristics of CF/Epoxy(Carbon Fiber/Epoxy Resin) laminated shell with the various curvatures subjected to transverse impact loadings under the low impact velocity in consideration of design of structural members for use of transportation machine, which are consisted of the characteristics of high stiffness, strength and lightweight. The curvature radius are associated with the energy absorption characteristics of CF/Epoxy laminated shell which is brittleness material. In all tests, maximum load of CF/Epoxy laminated plate is higher than that of laminated shell with curvature, but maximum deflection is lower. And then absorbed energy of laminated shell with curvature is higher than laminated plate(curvature radius is unlimited), As curvature radius is increased, the absorbed energy is increased in laminated shell with curvature.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.44-51
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• 2016

This paper presents the characteristics of the energy absorption in an expansion tube type impact absorber that is applied to a high weight drop tester and the use of a response surface methodology to predict the impact energy absorption. In order to identify the characteristics of the energy absorption, a set of finite element analysis was conducted with Abaqus Explicit. Moreover, the ISCD-II sampling method and a first order polynomial were used to build a response surface. As a result, we demonstrated that the impact energy could be controlled by four main design variables, namely an expansion pipe's thickness, inner radius, pressing die's expansion angle and expansion ratio. Additionally, we observed the relationship between the four main design variables and the impact energy absorbing time, displacement, and maximum impact force.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.826-833
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• 1998

The energy-absorbing characteristic of impact limiters affects the cask design so significantly that it should be evaluated as accurate as possible. The objective of this study is to find the influence of the impact limiter's steel case and gusset plates which enclose the shock absorbing cellular material on the impact energy absorption. The influence of impact limiter's steel case and gusset plate stiffeners on the impact energy absorption behavior under horizontal drop impact was evaluated for a radioactive isotope transport cask. Though the impact limiters mitigate the impact damage of the cask, the impact limiter's steel case and gusset plate stiffeners increase the impact force so significantly that should be designed as soft as possible. The impact analysis without considering impact limiter's steel case and gusset plates stiffener gives non-conservative results, so the stiffness of the steel case and gusset plates should be considered in impact analysis.