• Imaging Science in Dentistry
• /
• 제46권2호
• /
• pp.133-139
• /
• 2016

Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare the coordinates of anatomical landmarks on cone-beam computed tomographic (CBCT) images in varied head positions before and after reorientation using image analysis software. Materials and Methods: CBCT images were taken in a normal position and four varied head positions using a dry skull marked with 3 points where gutta percha was fixed. In each of the five radiographic images, reference points were set, 20 anatomical landmarks were identified, and each set of coordinates was calculated. Coordinates in the images from the normally positioned head were compared with those in the images obtained from varied head positions using statistical methods. Post-reorientation coordinates calculated using a three-dimensional image analysis program were also compared to the reference coordinates. Results: In the original images, statistically significant differences were found between coordinates in the normal-position and varied-position images. However, post-reorientation, no statistically significant differences were found between coordinates in the normal-position and varied-position images. Conclusion: The changes in head position impacted the coordinates of the anatomical landmarks in three-dimensional images. However, reorientation using image analysis software allowed accurate superimposition onto the reference positions.

• 대한건축학회논문집:구조계
• /
• 제34권6호
• /
• pp.3-10
• /
• 2018

This paper described the shear strengthening effect by deviator location in pre-damaged reinforced concrete (RC) beams strengthened with externally post-tensioning steel rods. Three reinforced concrete beams as control beam and eight post-tensioned beams using external steel rods were tested to fail in shear. The externally post-tensioning material was a steel rod of 22 mm diameter, and it had a 655 MPa yield strength and an 805 MPa tensile strength. Specimens depend on multiple variables, such as the number of deviators, location of deviator, and load pattern. The pre-damaged loads up to about 2/3 of ultimate shear capacities were applied to specimens using displacement control and the diagonal shear crack just occurred at these loading levels. And then, the post-tensioning up to when a strain of steel rod reaches about $2000{\mu}{\varepsilon}$ was continuously applied to beam. A displacement control was changed to a load control during post-tensioning. The post-tensioning resulted in increase of load-carrying capacity and restoration of existing deflection. Also, it prevented the existing diagonal cracks from excessively growing. Two deviators effectively improved the load capacity when compared with in case of test which one deviator at mid-span installed. When deviators were located near region which the diagonal crack occurred on, the strengthening impact by post-tensioning was greater.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
• /
• 제53권1호
• /
• pp.1-9
• /
• 2023

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate 3-dimensional cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images of alveolar bone changes in patients who underwent minimally invasive periodontal surgery-namely, the pinhole surgical technique (PST). Materials and Methods: Alveolar bone height was measured and compared on CBCT images of 254 teeth from 23 consecutive patients with Miller class I, II, or III recession who had undergone PST. No patient with active periodontal disease was selected for surgery. Two different methods were used to assess the alveolar bone changes postoperatively. In both methods, the distance between the apex of the tooth and the mid-buccal alveolar crestal bone on pre- and post-surgical CBCT studies was measured. Results: An average alveolar bone gain >0.5 mm following PST was identified using CBCT(P=0.05). None of the demographic variables, including sex, age, and time since surgery, had any significant effect on bone gain during follow-up, which ranged from 8 months to 3 years. Conclusion: PST appears to be a promising treatment modality for recession that results in stable clinical outcomes and may lead to some level of resolution on the bone level. More long-term studies must be done to evaluate the impact of this novel technique on bone remodeling and to assess sustained bone levels within a larger study population.

• Computers and Concrete
• /
• 제30권5호
• /
• pp.311-321
• /
• 2022

The interfacial bond strength of partially encased composite (PEC) structure tends to 0, therefore, the cast-in-place concrete theoretically cannot embody better composite effect than the fabricated structure. A total of 12 specimens were designed and experimented to investigate the energy dissipation and damage of fabricated PEC beam through unidirectional cyclic loading test. Because the concrete on both sides of the web was relatively independent, some specimens showed obvious asymmetric concrete damage, which led to specimens bearing torsion effect at the later stage of loading. Based on the concept of the ideal elastoplastic model of uniaxial tensile steel and the principle of equivalent energy dissipation, the energy dissipation ductility coefficient is proposed, which can simultaneously reflect the deformability and bearing capacity. In view of the whole deformation of the beam, the calculation formula of energy dissipation is put forward, and the energy dissipation and its proportion of shear-bending region and pure bending region are calculated respectively. The energy dissipation efficiency of the pure bending region is significantly higher than that of the shear-bending region. The setting of the screw arbors is conducive to improving the energy dissipation capacity of the specimens. Under the condition of setting the screw arbors and meeting the reasonable shear span ratio, reducing the concrete pouring thickness can lighten the deadweight of the component and improve the comprehensive benefit, and will not have an adverse impact on the energy dissipation capacity of the beam. A damage model is proposed to quantify the damage changes of PEC beams under cyclic load, which can accurately reflect the load damage and deformation damage.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• 제90권1호
• /
• pp.83-96
• /
• 2024

This paper suggests an analytical approach to investigate the free vibration and stability of functionally graded (FG) beams with both perfect and imperfect characteristics using a quasi-3D higher-order shear deformation theory (HSDT) with stretching effect. The study specifically focuses on FG beams resting on variable elastic foundations. In contrast to other shear deformation theories, this particular theory employs only four unknown functions instead of five. Moreover, this theory satisfies the boundary conditions of zero tension on the beam surfaces and facilitates hyperbolic distributions of transverse shear stresses without the necessity of shear correction factors. The elastic medium in consideration assumes the presence of two parameters, specifically Winkler-Pasternak foundations. The Winkler parameter exhibits variable variations in the longitudinal direction, including linear, parabolic, sinusoidal, cosine, exponential, and uniform, while the Pasternak parameter remains constant. The effective material characteristics of the functionally graded (FG) beam are assumed to follow a straightforward power-law distribution along the thickness direction. Additionally, the investigation of porosity includes the consideration of four different types of porosity distribution patterns, allowing for a comprehensive examination of its influence on the behavior of the beam. Using the virtual work principle, equations of motion are derived and solved analytically using Navier's method for simply supported FG beams. The accuracy is verified through comparisons with literature results. Parametric studies explore the impact of different parameters on free vibration and buckling behavior, demonstrating the theory's correctness and simplicity.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
• /
• 제54권2호
• /
• pp.191-199
• /
• 2024

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate image artifacts in the vicinity of dental implants in cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans obtained with different spatial orientations, tube current levels, and metal artifact reduction algorithm (MAR) conditions. Materials and Methods: One dental implant and 2 tubes filled with a radiopaque solution were placed in the posterior region of a mandible using a surgical guide to ensure parallel alignment. CBCT scans were acquired with the mandible in 2 spatial orientations in relation to the X-ray projection plane (standard and modified) at 3 tube current levels: 5, 8, and 11 mA. CBCT scans were repeated without the implant and were reconstructed with and without MAR. The mean voxel and noise values of each tube were obtained and compared using multi-way analysis of variance and the Tukey test(α=0.05). Results: Mean voxel values were significantly higher and noise values were significantly lower in the modified orientation than in the standard orientation (P<0.05). MAR activation and tube current levels did not show significant differences in most cases of the modified spatial orientation and in the absence of the dental implant (P>0.05). Conclusion: Modifying the spatial orientation of the head increased brightness and reduced spatial orientation noise in adjacent regions of a dental implant, with no influence from the tube current level and MAR.

• 전산구조공학
• /
• 제7권3호
• /
• pp.95-103
• /
• 1994

원자력발전소 부품중 안전과 관련된 구조물은 지진하중하에서 그 건전성을 유지하도록 설계되어야 한다. 그중 원자로내부구조물부품은 1차 내진분류에 속하는 것으로써 지진하중하에서의 건전성이 발전소 안전과 경제적인 관점에서 매우 중요하다. 지금까지 이러한 원자로내부구조물의 모델링에 대해서는 여러 사람들에 의해 연구되고 발표되었으나, 본 논문에서는 국내 발전소 중에서 Turn-jey base로 건설되어 이미 가동 중에 있는 영광 1&2호기의 원자로내부구조물에 대한 안전정지지진하의 거동을 Global Beam Model이라는 단순화된 모델을 이용하여 분석하였다. 이 모델의 설정을 위해서 주요부품들을 double pendulum의 보요소로 표현하였고, 이들 주요부품들의 특성해석을 범용유한 요소해석 코드인 ANSYS에 의해 구하여 이를 상부 및 하부에서 간격을 갖는 비선형 스프링으로 모델링하였다. 또한 이 비선형 스프링뿐만아니라 원자로용기와 원자로내부구조물부품들 사이의 유체동적현상을 묘사한 유체동력학적 coupling에 의해 pendulum의 보요소를 서로 연결시켜 모델링을 하였다. 가진자료인 안전정지하중은 영광 1&2호기의 원자로용기 지지부에 가해지는 응답스펙트럼을 시간이력함수로 바꾸었으며, 이 모델과 간진 하중을 가지고 비선형해석 code인 KWUSTOSS의 explicit Runge-Kutta-Gills algorithm을 이용하여 적분을 수행하므로써 안전정지지진하의 원자로 내부구조물에 대한 거동을 구하여 이 구조물의 주요부품에 대한 내진검증 및 구조물 내부에 있는 핵연료집합체의 내진 해석을 위한 입력자료를 확보할 수 있었다. 그리고 본 연구에서 사용된 Globa Beam Model의 간편성 및 효율성과 explicit Runge-Kutta-Gills algorithm에 대한 경제성을 확인할 수 있었다.파악되었 다. 그 외에도 '옥외공간이용 편리'(outdoor or recreation convenience)와 ' 이웃만족'(satisfaction with neighbors), 그리고 '주거환경 유형'(building type, building arrangement type)등도 유의한 인과적 관련을 보이므로써, 기존 문헌들이 제시하고 있는 것보다 훨씬 다양한 변수들이 다양한 경로를 통해 거주자 시각만족의 영향인자가 될 수 있는 가능성을 제시하고 있다. 가설 변수의 하나인 '길찾기의 난이 정도'(difficulty of way-finding)와 종 속변수간에 유의한 관련도가 나타나지 않은 이유로 길찾기 변수가 '시각만 족'보다는 거주자의 '안전만족'(safety)과 관련된 변수일 가능성도 아울러 지적되었다. 본 연구의 결과로부터, 주거 계획 및 설계분야 그리고 추후 관 련 연구 분야를 위한 여러 제안들이 제시되었다.에 관한 국가 규격은 국제 규격에서 저술한 바와 같이 특별히 규정된 것이 없고 VDE(Verband Deutscher Elektrotechniker: 서독전기기술 협회)와 SAE(Society of Automotive Engi- neers: 자동차 기술자 협회)에서 비교적 활발하고 Jaso(Japanese Automobile Standards Organization: 일본 자동차 표준협회)에서 많이 진행중에 있다. 본 고에서는 자동차의 전자제어에 따른 잡음 발생 요인과 전자파 간섭 관련 자동차 규격과 시험평가 방법에 대해 간단히 소개 하였다.저하에 저해요인으로서가 아니라, 인위적이던 자연적이던 간에 아들만 두면 단산하는 현행의 출산풍토하에서는 남아선호관이 오히려 출산력저하에 결정적으로 작용하고 있다고 하겠다. 태아의 성 판별을 통한 선택적 인공임신중절의 건수는 1990년 한해에

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
• /
• 제39권1호
• /
• pp.99-105
• /
• 2016

잡음전력스펙트럼 (noise power spectrum, NPS)는 noise 진폭의 측정과 균일한 방사선 영역으로부터 획득된 영상의 품질에 가장 일반적인 방법 중 하나이다. 이 연구의 목적은 megavoltage X-ray 에너지를 사용하여 다른 잡음 전력스펙트럼 방법론들을 비교하는 것이다. 진단 영역에서의 잡음전력스펙트럼 평가 방법들은 국제 전기 규격 international electro-technical commission(IEC 62220-1) 기준을 사용하여 치료 영역에 적용되었다. 우리가 사용한 전자포털영상장치(electronic portal imaging device, EPID)는 Varian TrueBeam$^{TM}$, Siemens BEAMVIEW$^{PLUS}$, Elekta iViewGT 그리고 Varian Clinac$^R$ iX aS1000이었다. 잡음전력스펙트럼의 관심영역을 측정하기 위해, 우리는 겹침 (overlapping), 비겹침 (non-overlapping), 평탄도 (flatness), 반음영 (penumbra) 4가지 인자를 사용하였다. 결과적으로는 Siemens BEAMVIEW$^{PLUS}$, Varian TrueBeam$^{TM}$ flattening filter, Varian Clinac$^R$ iX aS1000, Varian TrueBeam$^{TM}$ flattening filter free에서의 잡음 (noise) 분포는 기존의 첫번째, 두번째, 세번째 실험방법보다는 Elekta iViewGT보다 현격하게 높은 noise 분포가 나타남을 알 수 있다. 이번 연구는 다양한 인자들이 잡음전력스펙트럼의 megavoltage imaging (MVI)영상에서 MVI영역에서 잡음전력 스펙트럼의 기준의 방법론으로 사용되어질 수 있다는 것을 보여주었다.

• 대한조선학회논문집
• /
• 제37권3호
• /
• pp.99-109
• /
• 2000

본 연구에서는 대파고 파랑 중을 항해하는 선박의 슬래밍 충격에 대한 선체 전체의 동적 탄성응답 해석법을 개발하였다. 선체구조는 전단효과를 고려하는 박판보 유한요소이론을 활용하였으며, 선체 각 단면에 작용하는 유체력은 통상의 선형 운동체 이론에 덧붙여 물체 경계의 비선형성을 고려하여 추정하였다. 즉 매 순간 선체와 파 입자간의 접수 형상을 고려하는 비선형 유체력 추정법을 모멘텀 슬래밍 이론에 근거하여 정식화하였다. 개발된 해석법의 검증을 위해 V형 단면 선형과 S-175 선형 모델을 대상으로 수치해석을 수행하였다. 시간 영역에 있어 각 단면에서의 파면에 대한 상대 변위 성분과 속도 성분들을 계산하였으며, 선체 중앙 단면에서의 굽힘 모멘트 값의 시간이력을 검토하였다.

• 한국소성가공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국소성가공학회 2004년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.391-394
• /
• 2004

The main purpose of the present study has been placed on investigating the effects of controlled cooling on the microstructures and mechanical properties of 0.2C-0.2Si-0.8Mn-B steel for cold forming. The steel was processed in steel making factory(EAF, VD) and casted to $\Box160$ billet then reheated in walking beam furnace and rolled to coil, rolling stock was acceleratly cooled before coiling. Microstructual observation, tensile test and charpy impact tests were conducted. The mechanical properties and microsture of the steel were changed by cooling condition. The grain size of rolled product decreased with increasing cooling rate, resulting in increase of impact toughness and tensile strength, elongation and reduction of area . From the result of this study, it is conformed that mechanical properties and microstructure of 0.2C-0.2Si-0.8Mn-B steel for cold forming were enhanced by accelerated cooling.