• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.39-49
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• 2013

Objectives In the theory of Korean medicine, rice straw (RS) has been used effectively as treatments for dyspepsia, diarrhea, enteritis, inflammatory epigastric diseases and various dermatitis. However, the theory has not been studied intensively yet about anti-inflammatory effects for human. This study was to investigate effects of RS for a treatment of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) induced by 2,4-dinitrochlorobezene (DNCB) in mice. Methods In this experiment, effects of RS were investigated on changes in body weights, dorsum skin thickness, clinical aspects on the dorsum skin, spleen and body weight among these four groups; normal group (NOR), control group (CON), RS spread group (RSS) and RS spread and administer group (RSS+Adm). In addition, the effects on proliferations of splenocytes were also investigated in vitro and in vivo study. Results RSS group and RSS+Adm group showed increasing in body weights, diminished dorsum skin thickness and treated dermatitis on dorsum skin. In RSS+Adm group, spleen weights were lowered significantly compared to CON group. Conclusions In conclusion, these data suggest that RS can decrease symptoms of ACD significantly, and it shows the anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressant effect as well. Therefore, RS can be useful to treat patients with ACD.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.379-383
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• 1997

Cyclosporin A, an potent immunosuppressant, has been known to be one of the modulators of drug resistance as well as a cytostatic drug. Despite many attempts to basic or clinical application of cyclosporin A, there are few reports on the inhibition of brain tumor cells. In the present experiment, the possibility of cyclosporin A as synergic adjuvant was investigated by MTT assay, $[^{3}H]$ thymidine uptake and through flowcytometric anaysis. Sole treatment of cyclosporin A on the CRT and CH235-MG glioma cell line revealed dose dependent cytotoxicity within a range of tested dose. Combined treatment of cyclosporin A with ACNU, BCNU and hydroxyurea on various glioma cancer cell line led to a significant synergistic cytotoxicity as well as inhibition of DNA synthesis with dose-dependency. In addition, cyclosporin A alone or combined treatment caused discernible changes of cell cycle in the tested cells. These data provide that cyclosporin A could potentiate the effect of nitrosourea compounds in vitro on human glioma cells.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제27권8호
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• pp.878-883
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• 2004

Tacrolimus (FK506), which is isolated from Streptomyces tsukubaensis, is a new potent immu-nosuppressant. Because of poor solubility in water, the conventional intravenous dosage forms of tacrolimus contain surfactants such as cremophor EL (BASF Wyandotte Co.) or hydroge-nated polyoxy 60 castor oil (HCO-60) which may cause adverse effects. This study relates to a polymer-tacrolimus conjugate, which can be dissolved in water, formed by chemically binding the sparingly soluble drug, tacrolimus, with the water soluble polymer, methoxypoly(ethylene glycol) (mPEG). Water soluble tacrolimus-mPEG conjugates have been synthesized and shown to be function in vitro as prodrugs. These conjugates are in the form of an ester wherein the 24-, 32- or 24,32-positions are esterified. The desired 24-, 32- or 24,32-esterified com-pounds were obtained by initially acylating of tacrolimus with iodoacetic acid at the 24-,32-, or 24,32-positions and then reacting the resulting acylated tacrolimus with a mPEG in the pres-ence of a base such as sodium bicarbonate. These conjugates were converted again into tac-rolimus by the action of enzymes in human liver homogenate, and the half-lives of the conjugates are approximately 10 min in the homogenate, indicating that the esterified tacroli-mus derivatives may be practically applicable as a prod rug for the immunosuppressant.

• 대한기관식도과학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.128-139
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to review the literatures of experimental tracheal reconstruction. Although there have been significant advancements in the surgical treatment of the long circumferential tracheal injuries, there still has been a difficult problem with high morbidity and mortality. The method for tracheal reconstruction after circumferential resection is preferred end-to-end anastomosis for defects up to 6 cm in length, but larger tracheal defects require the use of tracheal allograft, various artificial prosthesis or autogenous organs. The tracheal allotransplantation has been widely used as there was significantly improved the method of surgical technique, preservation and immunosuppression. But it has been limited by a number of factors such as few donor, limited use of immunosuppressant, delayed revascularization and re-epitheliazation. Experimental studies on the tracheal prosthesis have a long history and they tried to use silicone, polytetrafluoroethylene, polypropylene mesh, Dacron, Marlex mesh, external or internal stents. Other experimental studies were reported the use of autogenous tissues that were cartilage. jejunum, aorta, skin, muscle, periostium or esophagus. But a great variety of these protheses have been resulted unsatisfactory in a significant Proportion of cases. Alternatively, the tissue-engineering technique has showed a new approach to reconstruct trachea and much progress in tissue-engineering bas been made recently. In conclusion, although the tracheal allotransplantation and the use of prosthesis and allograft have been reported a lot of limitation to overcome, we could sooner expect good result of ideal tracheal prosthesis.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.56-61
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• 1997

A strain producing immunosuppressive substances was isolated from a soil in Cheju island. By morphological, cultural, and physiological studies, the strain was identified as Streptomyces lydicus MCY-524. Cultured broth was purified by silica gel, sephadex LH-20 and preparative HPLC and gave two immunosuppressive compounds, MCH-22 and MCH-32. They dramatically suppressed the B cell activation with lipopolysaccharide, T cell activation by mixed lymphocyte response, and primary T-dependent antibody response at a final concentration of 1 ${\mu}g$/ml. They also markedly suppressed the proliferation of lymphocytes induced by lipopolysaccharide, pokeweed mitogen, and concanavaline A at the same concentration. Their suppressive activities, which were comparable to those of cyclosporin A, suggested that they were potent and broad immunotoxic agents on the immune functions of murine lymphocytes.

• 대한관절경학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.180-184
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• 2012

진균에 의한 감염성 관절염은 면역 억제 치료자, 약물 남용자, 장기간의 항생제 투여자 등에서 발생하는 드문 질환으로 특히 건강한 성인에서의 감염은 매우 드물다. 진균에 의한 슬관절의 감염성 관절염은 국내에서 2예의 보고가 있으나, 건강한 성인에서 발생한 진균성 슬관절염은 아직 보고된 바가 없는 실정이다. 이에 저자들은 건강한 성인에서 반복적인 관절 내 스테로이드 주사 후 발생한 진균성 관절염 및 이와 동반한 슬와낭종의 관절경적 치료를 경험하여 문헌 고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다. 진균성 슬관절염은 특징적인 임상상이 없는 드문 질환으로, 진단에 있어 어려움이 있으므로 면밀한 관찰과 주의를 요한다.

• 한국응용약물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국응용약물학회 1996년도 제4회 추계심포지움
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• pp.135-139
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• 1996

$p70^{s6k}$ lies on a $p21^{ras}$-independent signalling pathway and plays an important role in mitogenesis. Activation is associated with phosphorylation at multiple sites, four of which lie in an autoinhibitory region. The immunosuppressant rapamycin induces $p70^{s6k}$ inactivation through dephosphorylation of a second set of mitogen-induced sites. Here we identify these sites as $T_{229}$, $T_{389}$, and $S_{404}$. $T_{229}$ resides in the "T loop" of the catalytic domain, an essential phosphorylation site in other kinases. However, $p70^{s6k}$ inactivation by rapamycin most closely parallels $T_{389}$ dephosphorylation. Mutation of $T_{389}$ to alanine ablates kinase activity, whereas mutation to glutamic acid confers constitutive kinase activity and rapamycin resistance. indicating an essential role for phosphorylation at this site. $T_{389}$ resides in an unusual hydrophobic motif, not previously noted, between the catalytic and autoinhibitory domains. The importance of this site, and surrounding motif, is emphasized by its conservation in other kinases including homologues of $p70^{s6k}$ derived from such distantly related organisms as yeast and plant.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.555-558
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• 1998

chondroitin sulfates were isolated from the mud snail. For the quantitative analysis of enzymatic digestion products of isolated chondroitin sulfates, strong anion exchange-high performance liquid chromatography (SAX-HPLC) was performed. by the action of chondroitinase ABC, three unsaturated disaccharides$ 2-acetamide-2-deoxy-3-O-({\beta}-D-gluco-4-enepyranosyluronic acid)-D-galactose $$({\Delta}Di-OS), $2-acetamide-2-deoxy-3-O-({\beta}-D-gluco-4-enepyranosyluronic acid)-6-O-sulfo-D-galactose ({\Delta}Di-6S) and 2-acetamide-2-deoxy-3-O-({\beta}-D-gluco-4-enepyranosyluronic acid)-4-O-sulfo-D-galactose ({\Delta}Di-4S)$ were produced from the mud snail chondroitin sulfates. The analysis showed that relative proportion of ${\Delta}Di-OS/{\Delta}Di-6S/{\Delta}Di-4S$ was 58.7/3.1/38.2. The immunomodulating activity of chondroitin sulfate was examined by cell proliferation assay and these results suggest that it might be a immunosuppressant.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.471-477
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• 1998

Cyclosporin A (CsA), a widely used immunosuppressant, is well known to cause nephrotoxicity and hypertension as major side effects. The present study was aimed at investigating the effects of CsA-pretreatment on the activities of cytosolic guanylate cyclase (cGC) in relation to the alteration of relaxant responses in the rat thoracic aorta. CsA $(10\;{\mu}M)-preincubation$ for 90 min significantly attenuated the vasodilatation induced by sodium nitroprusside (SNP), a cytosolic guanylate cyclase activator, shifting the dose-response curve to the right. The increase in cGMP contents induced by SNP was markedly attenuated by CsA. SNP ($1\;{\mu}M{\sim}\;mM$) increased the cGC activity dose-dependently, and the increase was completely abolished by CsA. CsA attenuated the SNP-induced cGC activation dose-dependently. The abolishing effect of CsA-pretreatment on the SNP-induced cGC activation was not affected by washing the preparation, suggesting that the inhibition is irreversible. When CsA was added simultaneously with SNP, cGC activation was not attenuated. 1-(5-isoquinolinylsulfonyl)-2-methyl piperazine (H-7), a protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor, decreased SNP-induced cGC activation and blocked the CsA-attenuation of cGC activation. These results suggest that CsA directly inhibits cGC participating in the CsA-induced impairment of vasodilatation, and that PKC is involved in the inhibitory action of CsA on cGC.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제57권4호
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• pp.164-170
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• 2014

Influenza causes acute respiratory infections and various complications. Children in the high-risk group have higher complication and hospitalization rates than high-risk elderly individuals. Influenza prevention in children is important, as they can be a source infection spread in their communities. Influenza vaccination is strongly recommended for high-risk children with chronic underlying circulatory and respiratory disease, immature infants, and children receiving long-term immunosuppressant treatment or aspirin. However, vaccination rates in these children are low because of concerns regarding the exacerbation of underlying diseases and vaccine efficacy. To address these concerns, many clinical studies on children with underlying respiratory diseases have been conducted since the 1970s. Most of these reported no differences in immunogenicity or adverse reactions between healthy children and those with underlying respiratory diseases and no adverse effects of the influenza vaccine on the disease course. Further to these studies, the inactivated split-virus influenza vaccine is recommended for children with underlying respiratory disease, in many countries. However, the live-attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) is not recommended for children younger than 5 years with asthma or recurrent wheezing. Influenza vaccination is contraindicated in patients with severe allergies to egg, chicken, or feathers, because egg-cultivated influenza vaccines may contain ovalbumin. There has been no recent report of serious adverse events after influenza vaccination in children with egg allergy. However, many experts recommend the trivalent influenza vaccine for patients with severe egg allergy, with close observation for 30 minutes after vaccination. LAIV is still not recommended for patients with asthma or egg allergy.