• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.98-105
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• 1998

Various peptides derived from food are among the most potent physiologically active agents known, and include anticancer peptides, angiotensin converting enzyme(ACE) inhibitor exhibiting antihypertension action, opioid peptides, antithrombotic peptides, hypocholesterolemic peptides, immunomodulators, calcium absorption enhancers, and other peptides. Hydrophobic peptides extracted from a Cheddar-type cheese slurry were fractionated by gel chromatography and repeated HPLC. A peptide fraction from HPLC showed high cytotoxicity on the tumor cell lines such as a human colon carcinoma, and comprised of Tyr, Ser, Leu, Gly, and others. Hypocholesterolemic peptides were isolated from peptic hydrolyzates of casein and soy proteins. Macropeptides of 1,000${\sim}$5,000 dalton were effective on reducing the cholesterol level of mouse serum. Peptides showing high Krigbaum hydrophobicity and ANS surface hydrophobicity resulted in high hypocholesterolemic effect and fecal steroid concentrations. Caseinomacropeptides(CMP) were isolated from whey powder and treated with soluble and immobilized trypsin to obtain antithrombotic peptides. One fraction from the CMP hydrolyzed with immobilized trypsin for 24h exhibited high antithrombotic activity with 52.5% inhibition of platelet aggregation. These result suggested that peptides from various milk products could be utilized as a good bioactive agents for developing health functional foods.

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.29-38
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• 1990

Until relatively recently plant scientists have made little use of immunological techniques. Now, however, more and more researchers are discovering the powder of these techniques for the screening of immunomodulators and for the detection, quantitative determination and localization of compounds in plant materials. Especially, the recent developments in the fields of plant biotechnology and plant genetic engineering make it even more important for forkers in the plant sciences to become acquainted with the more sophisticated methods. The possible methods include onestep purification of antigens, visualization in situ by immunocytochemis try and on polyacrylam ids gel s by ni trocellulose Western blotting and quantification by various immunoassay. Among them, in this reviews, the quantitative determination methods are to be reviewed. There are several kinds of methods for the quantitative determination of plant constituents such as colorimetry, TLC, GLC, DCC, UV derivatization, densitometry and HPLC. When the complexity of plant constituents is considered. densitometry and HPLC have many advantages in sensitivity and separation ability. After a 11 some advarltages of two methods meritiorled above, all of these methods have many disadvantages and inconveniences. Previous purification for the application of all these methods make them less sensitive and more tedious. Immunoassay can solve these problems in part. But immunoassay also has some limitations. Specificity of immunoassay, contrary, can be considered to be disadvantages. Including this the advantages and disadvantages of immunoassay are to be discussed.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.19-23
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• 2010

This study examined the effects of Acrylamide (ACR) and L-ascorbic acid (AsA) on the proliferation of splenocytes and the mitogen-stimulated lymphocyte proliferation in young (8 weeks) and aged (82 weeks) C57BL/6male mice in vitro. AsA increased splenocyte proliferation in both groups; however, this effect was higher in old mice, while the proliferation of lymphocyte was decreased except for treatment at $1\;{\mu}g/mL$ low concentration in both mice. In addition, ACR treatment resulted in decreased LPS-induced B lymphocyte proliferation and ConA-induced T lymphocyte proliferation in both groups. However, AsA increased LPS/ConA-induced lymphocyte proliferation in young groups and had no effects in old mice except at $0.5\;{\mu}g/mL$ Thus, the present data indicate that there is no difference effect of ACR and AsA on lymphocyte proliferation, whereas the effect of AsA on mitogen-induced cell proliferation was reduced in old mice. Overall, our results suggest that various immunomodulators have differing effects of lymphocytic proliferation on young versus aged mice.

• 한국유가공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국유가공기술과학회 1998년도 제46회 춘계 유가공 심포지움 - 우유 및 유제품의 기능성
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• pp.22-29
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• 1998

Various peptides derived from food are among the most potent physiologically active agents known, and include anticancer peptides, angiotensin converting enzyme(ACE) inhibitor exhibiting antihypertension action, opioid peptides, antithrombotic peptides, hypocholesterolemic peptides, immunomodulators, calcium absorption enhancers, and other peptides. Hydrophobic peptides extracted from a Cheddar-type cheese slurry were fractionated by gel chromatography and repeated HPLC. A peptide fraction from HPLC showed high cytotoxicity on the tumor cell lines such as a human colon carcinoma, and comprised of Tyr, Ser, Leu, Gly, and others. Hypocholesterolemic peptides were isolated from peptic hydrolyzates of casein and soy proteins. Macropeptides of 1,000${\sim}$5,000 dalton were effective on reducing the cholesterol level of mouse serum. Peptides showing high Krigbaum hydrophobicity and ANS surface hydrophobicity resulted in high hypocholesterolemic effect and fecal steroid concentrations. Caseinomacropeptides (CMP) were isolated from whey powder and treated with soluble and immobilized trypsin to obtain antithrombotic peptides. One fraction from the CMP hydrolyzed with immobilized trypsin for 24h exhibited high antithrombotic activity with 52.5% inhibition of platelet aggregation. These results suggested that peptides from various milk products could be utilized as a good bioactive agents for developing health functional foods.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.225-233
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• 1997

A murine leukemia x LM fibroblast hybrid cell line with immune augmenting properties stimulated resistance to Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) in mouse peritoneal macrophages, and in immune deficient beige mice (C57BL/6/bgj/bgj). The proliferation of MAC in mouse peritoneal macrophages was inhibited by medium conditioned by the growth of the hybrid cells (hybrid cell-CM). Under similar circumstances, media conditioned by the growth of LM cells (LM cell-CM), a mouse fibroblast cell line used as one parent in forming the hybrid cell, was exhibited no inhibitory effect. Treatment of mouse peritoneal macrophages with hybrid cell-CM, but not with LM cell-CM, stimulated the expression of each of four previously described macrophage activation antigens, suggesting that the hybrid cells formed immunomodulators in addition to those formed by LM cells. Furthermore, the morphology of the macrophages following treatment with hybrid cell-CM was clearly distinguishable from that following exposure of the cells to LM cell-CM. The therapeutic effects of hybrid cells on the progression of MAC-infection were indicated by the prolonged survival of MAC-infected immune-deficient beige mice. One hundred percent of treated animals survived more than 60 days, while untreated animals died in approximately 22 days.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.158-164
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• 2002

In the course of searching immunomodulators from natural sources, the protein-bound polysaccharide, CM-Ala, has been isolated from the water extract of Chelidonium majus L. (Papaveraceae). The immunostimulatory characteristics have been investigated in several experiments such as generation of activated killer (AK) cells, proliferation of splenocytes, activation of macrophages and granulocyte macrophage-colony forming cell (GM-CFC) assay. Of the fractions obtained using Sephacryl S200 column chromatography, CM-Ala was the most effective fraction that augmented the cytotoxicity against Yac-1 tumor cells from 0.88% to 34.18% by culturing with splenocytes for 5 days. CM-Ala also enhanced nitric oxide production by two fold in peritoneal macrophages and exhibited antitumor activity. It showed mitogenic activity on both spleen cells and bone marrow cells. CM-Ala induced proliferation of splenocytes by 84 fold and increased GM-CFC numbers by 1.48 fold over than the non-treated. On the contrary, CM-Ala had cytotoxic activity to a diverse group of tumor cells. From the above results, we proposed that CM-Ala has a possibility of an effective antitumor immunostimulator.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.1-15
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• 2022

소아청소년에서 코로나바이러스감염증-19 (coronavirus disease 2019 [COVID-19])은 대부분 경증이며 특별한 치료없이 호전될 수 있다. 하지만 일부 소아청소년 COVID-19 환자에서는 중증 또는 위중증으로 진행할 수 있다. 소아청소년 COVID-19 치료 약제에 대한 임상 데이터는 제한적이지만, 중증 및 위중증 COVID-19 소아청소년 환자에서 사용 가능한 약제들은 있다. 본 종설에서는 COVID-19 치료 약제 중 항바이러스제와 면역조절제에 중점을 두고 임상 데이터와 소아청소년에 대한 권고 사항들을 논의하였다.

• 생약학회지
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.122-129
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• 2010

Mistletoe (Viscum album) is a common name for many species of semi-parasitic plants which grow on deciduous trees all over the world. In this study, the immunomodulatory activity of the water-extract of Korean mistletoe fruits (KMFWE), was investigated on murine peritoneal macrophages. The culture supernatants of KMF-WE-stimulated murine peritoneal macrophages showed the increased production of IFN-$\gamma$, IL-$1{\beta}$ and TNF-$\alpha$, in a dose-dependent manner. KMF-WE also induced chemokine production from murine peritoneal macrophages such as RANTES, MCP-1, MIP-$1{\alpha}$ and MIP-$1{\beta}$, as well as nitric oxide (NO) production, in a dose-dependent manner. The gel filtration fraction revealed F-1, which is the early-eluted and high molecular weight product, is the major fraction of KMF-WE to activate the murine peritoneal macrophage to induce cytokines, chemokines and NO. The nature of F-1 fraction needs to be examined in detail in further studies to define the regulatory mechanisms of cytokine or chemokine induction by KMF-WE on macrophages. These results suggest that KMF-WE possess a potent immunostimulant activity and can be a promising candidate available for development of immunomodulators.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제63권7호
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• pp.239-250
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• 2020

The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is spreading globally. Although its etiologic agent is discovered as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), there are many unsolved issues in COVID-19 and other infectious diseases. The causes of different clinical phenotypes and incubation periods among individuals, species specificity, and cytokine storm with lymphopenia as well as the mechanism of damage to organ cells are unknown. It has been suggested that in viral pneumonia, virus itself is not a direct cause of acute lung injury; rather, aberrant immune reactions of the host to the insults from viral infection are responsible. According to its epidemiological and clinical characteristics, SARS-CoV-2 may be a virus with low virulence in nature that has adapted to the human species. Current immunological concepts have limited ability to explain such unsolved issues, and a presumed immunopathogenesis of COVID-19 is presented under the protein-homeostasis-system hypothesis. Every disease, including COVID-19, has etiological substances controlled by the host immune system according to size and biochemical properties. Patients with severe pneumonia caused by SARS-CoV-2 show more severe hypercytokinemia with corresponding lymphocytopenia than patients with mild pneumonia; thus, early immunomodulator treatment, including corticosteroids, has been considered. However, current guidelines recommend their use only for patients with advanced pneumonia or acute respiratory distress syndrome. Since the immunopathogenesis of pneumonia may be the same for all patients regardless of age or severity and the critical immune-mediated lung injury may begin in the early stage of the disease, early immunomodulator treatment, including corticosteroids and intravenous immunoglobulin, can help reduce morbidity and possibly mortality rates of older patients with underlying conditions.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.197-202
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• 2007

Background: Immunomodulators enhancing MHC-restricted antigen presentation would affect many cellular immune reactions mediated by T cells or T cell products. However, modulation of MHC-restricted antigen presentation has received little attention as a target for therapeutic immunoregulation. Here, we report that lectins isolated from mushroom Fomitella fraxinea enhance MHC-restricted exogenous antigen presentation in professional antigen presenting cells (APCs). Methods: Lectins, termed FFrL, were isolated from the carpophores of Fomitella fraxinea, and its effects on the class I and class II MHC-restricted presentation of exogenous ovalbumin (OVA) were examined in mouse dendritic cells (DCs) and mouse peritoneal macrophages. The effects of FFrL on the expression of total MHC molecules and the phagocytic activity were also examined in mouse DCs. Results: DCs cultured in the presence of FFrL overnight exhibited enhanced capacity in presenting exogenous OVA in association with class I and class II MHC molecules. FFrL increased slightly the total expression levels of both class I (H-$2K^b$) and class II (I-$A^b$) MHC molecules and the phagocytic activity of DCs. Antigen presentation-enhancing activity of FFrL was also observed in macrophages isolated from mouse peritoneum. Conclusion: Lectins isolated from the carpophores of Fomitella fraxinea increase MHC-restricted exogenous antigen presentation by enhancing intracellular processing events of phagocytosed antigens.