• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.110-115
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• 2012

$Epimedium$ $koreanum$ Nakai is a wild medicinal plant commonly consumed in South Korea due to its beneficial health effects. In this study, the antimutagenic and immunological activities of $E.$ $koreanum$ Nakai extracts were investigated for their use in food. In the immunomodulating activity, the effects of $E.$ $koreanum$ Nakai on the B cell (Rhamos) and T cell (Molt-4) were investigated. The results showed that the growth and viability of the B and T cells were increased and activated more in the ethylacetate (1.35 and 1.48 times) and water fraction (1.30 and 1.40 times), respectively. In the Ames test, none of the fractions produced a mutagenic effect on $Salmonella$. $typhimurium$ TA98 and TA 100. The ethylacetate fraction showed a strong antimutagenic effect (98%) on and a high butanol fraction (84%) of B(${\alpha}$)P in $S.$ $typhimurium$ TA98 and TA100, respectively. In 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4NQO), all the solvent fractions showed an over 70% antimutagenic effect, except for the chloroform extract. Especially, ethylacetate and butanol showed strong inhibition of the mutagenic effects (80 and 90%) on 4NQO in $S.$ $typhimurium$ TA98 and TA100, respectively. These results provide preliminary data for the development of $E.$ $koreanum$ Nakai as an edible food material.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.1-25
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• 2009

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Yanghyuljanggeungunbo-tang(Yangxuezhuangjinjianbu-tang, YGKT) and electrical acupuncture treatment in spinal cord injury(SCI)-induced rats. Methods : The subjects were divided into 5 groups ; Normal, Control-no treatment after SCI, Experimental I(Exp. I)-taken with YGKT 500 mg/kg $0.5m{\ell}$ daily after SCI. Experimental II(Exp. II)-taken with electrical acupuncture after SCI and Experimental III(Exp. III)-taken with YGKT 500 mg/kg $0.5m{\ell}$ and electrical acupuncture after SCI. After each operation, the present author observed cytological changes, the motor behavior recovery and nerve regeneration by analysis of the motor behavior tests, EMG, hematological(AST, ALT, WBC), histological and immunological changes. Rats were tested by Motor behavior test at 1st, 3rd, 7th, 14th and 21st day. Results : 1. All the experimental groups were improved compared with control group in the motor behavior tests including Tarlov test, Basso-Beattle-Bresnahan locomotor rating scale, modified inclined plane test, open field test, grid walk test and narrow beam test. Especially Exp. III was significantly improved among other groups. 2. In EMG test, H and M wave were significantly increased in Exp. III. 3. All the experimental groups were significantly decreased compared with control group in AST, ALT and WBC. 4. NGF, BDNF and Trk B of spinal cord gray matter in all the experimental groups were increased compared with control group. Especially, Exp. III was more effective. 5. In histological observations, muscle contraction and denaturation of gastrocnemius muscle of all the experimental groups were inhibited. Especially, those of Exp. III was more effective. On the observations of liver and kidney, cell atrophy and apoptosis of all the experimental groups were decreased compared with control group. Especially, those of Exp. III was more effective. Conclusions : It can be suggested that YGKT and electrical acupuncture may improve motor behavior, EMG, hematological, histological and immunological findings in SCI-induced rats. Especially, combination of these two treatments will be somewhat better in spinal nerve recovery and motor function improvement.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.50-55
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• 1998

Antigenic potential of a recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) produced by Dong-A charm. Co. Ltd. was examined by active systemic anaphylaxis (ASA) test in guinea pigs, mouse-rat passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) reaction and passive hemagglutination (PHA) test. In ASA test, rhEPO induced the signs of restlessness, rubbing or licking nose, sneezing and coughing in the animals immunized with rhEPO 1000 lU/kg alone or rhEPO 1000 lU/kg incorporated into Freund\\\\`s complete adjuvant. In the mouse-rat PCA test, only one of six sera from the animals immunized with rhEPO 1000 lUng incorporated into Alum showed positive result. In the PHA test, rhEPO revealed negative results in all of the rhEPO-immunized groups. From these results, rhEPO was considered to produce IgE in guinea pigs and mice, but not IgG and/or IsM in mice. The results of this study were similar to those of the other recombinant human erythropoietin and these positive results were thought to be caused due to the fact that rhEPO were heterogeneous proteins to guinea pigs and mice. Considering the fact that rhErO has an identical structure with indigenous human erythropoietin, rhEPO is not thought to cause immunological problems in clinical use.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.93-98
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• 2015

Full-length recombinant VP2 and VP3 proteins of aquabirnavirus isolated from olive flounder were expressed successfully in E. coli expression system. After rats were immunized with these proteins, antisera were used for in vitro and in vivo neutralization test. In in vitro test, VP2 antibody titers were higher than that of VP3. In in vivo assays, fish challenged with aquabirnavirus neutralized with VP2 antibody survived longer than other fish.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.42-48
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• 1986

These experiments were carried out to develop new techniques identifying XX-bearing embryos prior to implantation by immunological method. Antiserum to histocompatibility-Y(H-Y) antigen was prepared in adult SD(sprague-dawley) female rat by repeated immunization of newbone testis supernatant from males of the same strain. ELISA test was used to identify the H-Y antibody of antiserum. Total 124 mouse embryos (8-cell stage) were treated with H-Y antiserum and complement in BSA free Ho, pp. and Pitt's medium and cultured under the gas phase of 5% CO2 in air at 37$^{\circ}C$ for 24 to 48 hrs. The morphological characteristics of embryos treated were observed under the phase-contrast micro scope. The results obtained in these experiments were summarized as follows: 1. Optimal Density of H-Y antibody were a, pp.ared to be 0.27-0.47 by ELISA test. 2. Of total 124 embryos treated with H-Y antiserum and complement 69(55.6%) embryos developed to blastocyst and 55(44.4%) destroyed or arrested.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.180-187
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• 1974

Of the Asp. spp. isolated by the Institute of Applied Microbiology, Kon-Kuk University, 7 strains were selected for the study of the immunological differencences among them using gel precipitation test. The strains were the following types : 1 type of flavus and 2 types of oryzae were isolated from Meju ; 1 type of flavus from Nuruk ; and each one type of flavus, parasiticus and oryzae from Kokja.Asp.flavus from ATCC, Asp. parasiticus nad Asp. niger NRRL strains were also used in the study as a standard. From this study, several points can be raised ; 1) There was no common antigenic property between Asp. niger and Asp. flavus, because of no formation of reaction line. Therefore, all strains could be easily distinguished. 2) There was common antigenic property, that is, the formation of reaction line between Asp. flavus and Asp. parasticus. Accordingly two strains could not be easily distinguished by the gel precipitation test. 3) Each type of oryzae, parasiticus and flavus of Asp. flavus group had common antigen one another as well as specific antigens only in the difference of the reaction lines, so they could be easily identified in the gel precipitation test. 4) Each isolated strain from Meju and Nuruk appeared to be identical. 5) It was shown that the gel precipitation test of serological methods was very useful for the classification of Asp. spp.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.73-78
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• 2001

After examining and analysing the medicinal herbs of fifty-three experimental papers, we studied their effects on immediate tumors in specific cancers. We did not study the influence on the life span of general cancerous cells. We looked to see if the combined usage of medicinal herbs and anticancer agents inhibited the tumor cell's growth. The serum test and blood cell count test showed if the medicinal herbs inhibited the side effects of the anticancer agent. The test showed that more than 80 percent of used medicinal herbs, brought anticancer activities. However, anticancer experimental studies using medicinal herbs have draw-backs. First, it is difficult to choose a prescription using the standards of Oriental Medicine because we are testing a mouse not a man. Second, because we only observed the indirect effect on the whole physiological regulation caused by the synergic effects of the complex prescription, we are not able to understand the detailed mechanism of the herbs. Therefore; if the anticancer effect of the herbs is proved by the experiment, we need to research the concrete medical action of medicinal herbs and the immunological analysis of herbal medicines on the body.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.268-272
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• 2013

This study is designed as pilot study to report the efficacy and safety of long term medication of Oncheongeum-gamibang on atopic dermatitis. The patient of atopic dermatitis was asked to take Oncheongeum-gamibang for 3 months. Every end of month, he had gotten hematological test and SCORAD Index examination. After the clinical trial was done, he had additional examination to see the changes and duration of medicinal effect. During the period of taking Onchung-um, estimation of symptoms by SCORAD Index examination showed little bit of improvement while taking medicine and after one month, the improvement was maintained. There were no significant changes in hematologic test and liver function test during and at the end of the clinical trial. We were able to find out that it is effective and safe to take long term medication of Oncheongeum-gamibang for an individual. However, due to deficiency of the cases and immunological values, there will be additional study to make up for better result.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.251-255
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• 1995

DA-3002 is a genuine human growth hormone produced by Dong-A Pharm. Co. Ltd. research laboratory using recombinant DNA technic. In this study, antigenic potential of DA-3002 was examined by active systemic anaphyaxis(ASA) in guinea pigs, mouse-rat passive cutaneous anaphylaxis(PCA) and passive hemagglutination(PHA) test as a part of safety research. DA-3002 induced anaphylactic shock in ASA test using guinea pigs Immunized with DA-3002 alone or DA-3002 incoporated into Freund's complete adjutant(FCA) when challenged with 10 times higher dose of anticipated clinical dose of DA-3002. In the mouse-rat PCA and PHA test, DA-3002 also showed positive results. DA-3002, therfore, was considered to produce IgE, IgG, and/or IgM in mice. The results of this study were similar to those of the other human growth hormones and these positive results were thought to be caused due to the fact that both DA-3002 and the other human growth hormones were heterogenous proteins to guinea pigs and mice. Considering the fact that DA-3002 is a genuine human growth hormone of which structure is identical with indigenous human growth hormone, DA-3002 is thought not to cause immunological problems in clinical use.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.339-345
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• 2012

This experiment was carried out in order to separate bovine colostral whey protein from Imsil province and to test the effect of immunological activity on RAW 264.7 cells. The colostral whey protein contained TGF-${\beta}$ 7, 475 pg/g in total. We first tested the effect of the colostral whey protein on the proliferation of RAW 264.7 cells and it demonstrated cytotoxicity at concentrations greater than 20 mg/mL. Therefore, the immunological activities of colostral whey protein were investigated in maximum concentration of 10 mg/mL on LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells. Results indicated that colostral whey protein inhibited the LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in a dose-dependent manner. The colostral whey protein also suppressed the productions of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6) in a dose-dependent manner. In addition to the immunological activity, colostral whey protein led to the expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in RAW 264.7 cells. In conclusion, colostral whey protein containing TGF-${\beta}$ inhibited the production of NO, TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-$1{\beta}$, and IL-6 via expression of HO-1.