• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.161-165
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• 2022

We report a case of successful treatment of congenital syphilis in an extremely preterm baby. A 1,395 g female infant was born by emergency Caesarean section due to preterm labor and breech presentation at gestational age at 29 weeks and 3 days with an Apgar score of 2 and 4 at 1 minute and 5 minutes, respectively. The mother of the newborn, an illegal immigrant who did not receive any antenatal care, was diagnosed as active syphilis infection by reactive rapid plasma regain (RPR) (titer 1:128) just before the delivery. Upon birth, the newborn presented with various clinical manifestations, including severe respiratory distress syndrome, persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn, disseminated intravascular coagulopathy, desquamation and scaling of the whole body, and osteolytic changes of long bone ends. Results of laboratory tests showed signs of early congenital syphilis, including positive syphilis reagin test (12.7 R.U.), reactive with RPR titer of 1:64, and positive for immunoglobulin (Ig) M and IgG fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption test. However, after completion of penicillin G treatment for two weeks, laboratory results dramatically improved, showing a negative syphilis reagin test (0.5 R.U.) and non-reactive in RPR. In conclusion, the incidence of congenital syphilis is prone to be resurgent in South Korea, neonatologists should be fully aware of the clinical features of congenital syphilis because early diagnosis and prompt treatment are essential in order to reduce the social and economic burden due to congenital syphilis.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.166-172
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• 2022

블라우증후군(Blau syndrome)은 nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain protein 2 (NOD2) 유전자의변이에 의해 발생하는 질환으로 육아종성 피부염 및 만성 포도막염, 관절염을 특징으로 한다. 증상이 비특이적이고 동시다발적으로 발생하지 않아 진단이 어려운 경우가 많다. 반복되는 피부 발진 및 발열에 대해 두 차례 가와사키병으로 오진되어 면역글로불린과 전신 스테로이드로 치료받은 바 있는 13개월 남자 환자에서 블라우 증후군을 진단한 증례를 보고하고자 한다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.282-304
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• 2023

This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of carotenoid supplementation on the performance, egg quality, and immunity of laying hens using a meta-analysis approach. The database was searched using Google Scholar and Scopus, from 2012 to 2022. The literature was published in English. 47 Articles were selected for meta-analysis. Analyses were performed using the Open Meta-analyst for Ecology and Evolution (OpenMEE) software. The heterogeneity and data validation against publication bias were analyzed using JASP 0.16.2 software. Overall, the results showed that carotenoid supplementation improved feed intake by 0.32 g/day/hen [95% confidence interval (CI)=0.02 to 0.61], final body weight by 0.33 g/hen (95% CI=0.05 to 0.60), egg production by 0.38% (95% CI=0.14 to 0.63), egg weight by 0.29 g (95% CI=0.09 to 0.5), yolk colour by 2.11 (95% CI=1.71 to 2.51), Haugh unit (HU) by 0.26 (95% CI=0.11 to 0.42), yolk carotenoids by 1.17 ㎍/kg (95% CI=0.59 to 1.75), immunoglobulin A (IgA) by 0.74 mg/L (95% CI=0.18 to 1.29), and lower yolk cholesterol by -0.38 mg/g (95% CI=-0.59 to -0.16). Feed conversion ratio (FCR), eggshell thickness, and white blood cells were unaffected by the application of carotenoids. The heterogeneity analysis showed variability in all studies (<0.05). In conclusion, carotenoid supplementation can elevate productivity, enhance egg quality, and improve immunity. However, based on Kendall's test, there was a publication bias in several parameters, namely FCR, egg weight, HU, yolk carotenoids, and IgA.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.659-673
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• 2023

Compared to infant formula, breast milk is the best source of nutrition for infants; it not only improves the neonatal intestinal function, but also regulates the immune system and gut microbiota composition. However, probiotic-fortified infant formula may further enhance the infant gut environment by overcoming the limitations of traditional infant formula. We investigated the probiotic formula administration for one month by comparing 118 Korean infants into the following three groups: infants in each group fed with breast milk (50), probiotic formula (35), or placebo formula-fed group (33). Probiotic formula improved stool consistency and defecation frequency compared to placebo formula-fed group. The probiotic formula helped maintaining the level of secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA), which had remarkably decreased over time in placebo formula-fed infants (compared to weeks 0 and 4). Moreover, probiotic formula decreased the acidity of stool and considerably increased the butyrate concentration. Furthermore, the fecal microbiota of each group was evaluated at weeks 0 and 4. The microbial composition was distinct between each groups, and the abundance of health-promoting bacteria increased in the probiotic formula compared to the placebo formula-fed group. In summary, supplementation of probiotic infant formula can help optimize the infant gut environment, microbial composition, and metabolic activity of the microbiota, mimicking those of breast milk.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.48.1-48.13
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• 2022

With the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants, which are randomly mutated, the dominant strains in regions are changing globally. The development of preclinical animal models is imperative to validate vaccines and therapeutics against SARS-CoV-2 variants. The objective of this study was to develop a non-human primate (NHP) model for SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant infection. Cynomolgus macaques infected with Delta variants showed infectious viruses and viral RNA in the upper (nasal and throat) and lower respiratory (lung) tracts during the acute phase of infection. After 3 days of infection, lesions consistent with diffuse alveolar damage were observed in the lungs. For cellular immune responses, all macaques displayed transient lymphopenia and neutrophilia in the early stages of infection. SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant spike protein-specific IgM, IgG, and IgA levels were significantly increased in the plasma of these animals 14 days after infection. This new NHP Delta variant infection model can be used for comparative analysis of the difference in severity between SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern and may be useful in the efficacy evaluation of vaccines and universal therapeutic drugs for mutations.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.42.1-42.10
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• 2020

Long-lasting post-switched plasma cells (PCs) arise mainly from germinal center (GC) reactions, but little is known about the mechanism by which GC B cells differentiate into PCs. Based on our observation that the expression of the transcription factor CCAAT/enhancer binding protein β (C/EPBβ) is associated with the emergence of post-switched PCs, we enquired whether a cell-autonomous function of C/EPBβ is involved in the program for PC development. To address this, we generated C/EPBβ-deficient mice in which the Cebpb locus was specifically deleted in B cells after transcription of the Ig γ1 constant gene segment (Cγ1). In response to in vitro stimulation, B cells from these Cebpb^fl/flCγ1^Cre/+ mice had defects in the induction of B lymphocyte-induced maturation protein 1 (Blimp1) and the formation of IgG1⁺ PCs, but not in proliferation and survival. At steady state, the Cebpb^fl/flCγ1^Cre/+ mice had reduced serum IgG1 titers but normal IgG2c and IgM titers. Moreover, upon immunization with T-dependent Ag, the mice produced reduced levels of Ag-specific IgG1 Ab, and were defective in the production of Ag-specific IgG1 Ab-secreting cells. These results suggest that a cell-autonomous function of C/EPBβ is crucial for differentiation of post-switched GC B cells into PCs through a Blimp1-dependent pathway.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.180-187
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• 2023

2023년 9월까지 19세이하소아청소년인구의 90% 이상에서코로나바이러스감염증-19 (coronavirus disease 2019, COVID-19) 감염력이 있으며, 그중 40-60%에서 두통, 경련발작, 뇌염 등의 신경학적 증상이 보고되고 있다. 본 증례에서 저자들은 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 감염 후 경련과 의식 변화로 내원, COVID-19 뇌염으로 진단하여 정맥내 면역글로불린, 고용량 스테로이드, 항바이러스제, 항경련제 투여 등의 적극적인 치료로 회복된 3세 여자 환자를 보고하고자 한다. 환자는 입원 39일차 말하기와 혼자 걷기가 가능한 상태로 퇴원하였고 발병 1년이 지난 시점, 경한 언어 지연을 보이나 전반적으로 좋은 예후를 보이고 있다. COVID-19 뇌염 환자에서 조기 발견과 적극적인 치료가 긍정적인 예후와 연관됨을 본 증례를 통하여 보고하는 바이다.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.125-131
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• 2009

본 실험은 mannan-oligosaccharide(MOS)와 fructo-oligosaccharides(FOS)가 산란계의 생산성과 소장 내 미생물 균총 및 혈액 내 항체 수준에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위해 실시하였다. 사양 시험은 27주령의 산란계(Hy-Line Brown) 960수를 선별하여 A형 2단 케이지에 대조구 포함 총 6처리구로 구성하여 처리당 4반복, 반복당 40수씩 randomized block design으로 배치하였다. 시험 기간 동안 물과 사료는 자유 섭취하게 하였으며, 일반적인 점등 관리(자연 일조 + 조명; 16 h)를 실시하였다. 실험은 대조구, 항생제구; avilamycin 6 ppm, MOS 0.025%구, MOS 0.05%구, FOS 0.25%구, FOS 0.5%구 등 총 6처리구를 두어 실시하였다. 일계 산란율과 hen-housed 산란율은 처리구간에 유의적 차이가 있었다. 일계 산란율과 hen-housed 산란율은 MOS 0.025% 처리구가 대조구와 비교하여 유의적으로 높았다. 난중, 사료 섭취량에서는 처리구간에 유의한 차이가 없었으나, FOS 0.25%구가 다른 첨가구와 대조구에 비해 낮은 경향을 보였다. 난각 두께에서는 FOS 0.25% 처리구가 MOS 0.025% 첨가구에 비해 유의적으로 높았다. 난각 강도, 난각 색깔 지수, 난황 색깔 지수에서는 처리구간에 유의적 차이가 나타나지 않았다. Haugh unit는 유의한 차이는 나타나지 않았지만 전반적으로 대조구에 비해 모든 첨가구들이 높은 경향을 보였다. 혈청 IgG 농도는 처리구간에 유의적인 차이는 없었지만 모든 첨가구들이 대조구에 비하여 높은 경향을 보여주었으며, 혈청 IgA 농도는 FOS 0.25% 처리구가 대조구에 비해 유의적으로 높았다. Lactobacillus는 첨가구에서 유의하게 증가하고, Cl. perfrigens는 유의하게 감소하였으며, E. coli는 첨가구들에서 감소하는 경향이 있었다. 결론적으로 MOS와 FOS는 산란계에서 산란율을 증가시키는 경향이 있었고 혈중 IgA 및 장내 미생물 균총에도 유의한 영향을 미쳤다.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제24권8호
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• pp.1158-1167
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• 2017

본 연구에서는 LP-BM5 murine AIDS virus에 감염된 면역 결핍동물 모델을 이용하여 실험기간 10주 동안 ${\beta}$-1,3/1,6-glucan, 유산균 및 ${\beta}$-1,3/1,6-glucan+유산균의 식이가 면역활성에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 그 결과 LP-BM5 murine AIDS virus에 감염으로 면역능이 떨어진 T세포 증식능은 홍삼대조군과 비교하여도 유의적으로 감소된 T 세포증식능을 증가시키는 것으로 나타났고, B 세포 증식능은 감염 대조군에 비하여 유의적으로 증가된 B 세포 증식능을 감소되었다. cytokine 생성능에서는 Th1 type cytokine중에서 IL-2, IL-12, IL-15는 감염대조군에 비하여 분비량을 증가시키는 것을 확인할 수 있었고, IFN-${\gamma}$는 유산균과 ${\beta}$-1,3/1,6-glucan을 각각 처리군이 혼합처리군보다 증식능이 증가하였다. TNF-${\alpha}$는 감염대조군에 비하여 유의적으로 감소하였다. Th2 cytokine 들의 분비량 측정에서 IL-4, IL-6, IL-10 측정 결과 감염대조군에서 유의적으로 억제되어 Th1/Th2 type cytokine 발현을 조절하여 면역항상성을 유지하는 것으로 보였다. 면역글로블린 분비량측정에서 IgE, IgA, IgG 모두 감염대조군에 비하여 유의적으로 떨어지는 것으로 나타났다. 이로서LP-BM5 murine AIDS virus에 감염된 면역 결핍동물 모델에 ${\beta}$-1,3/1,6-glucan+유산균군을 혼합처리로 면역조절의 효능이 있음을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.707-714
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• 2008

The experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of ${\beta}$-1,3/1,6-glucan on growth performance, immunity and endocrine responses of weanling piglets. One hundred and eighty weanling piglets (Landrace$\times$Large White, $7.20{\pm}0.25kg$ BW and $28{\pm}2$ d of age) were randomly fed 1 of 5 treatment diets containing dietary ${\beta}$-1,3/1,6-glucan supplemented at 0, 25, 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg for 4 wks. Each treatment was replicated in 6 pens containing 6 pigs per pen. On d 14 and 28, body weight gain, feed consumption and feed efficiency were recorded as measures of growth performance. Peripheral blood lymphocyte proliferation and serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) were measured to study the effect of dietary ${\beta}$-1,3/1,6-glucan supplementation on immune function. Plasma prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), growth hormone (GH) and ghrelin were measured to investigate endocrine response to ${\beta}$-1,3/1,6-glucan supplementation. Our results suggest that average daily gain (ADG) and feed efficiency had a quadratic increase trend with dietary ${\beta}$-1,3/1,6-glucan supplementation from d 14 to 28, whereas it had no significant effect on average daily feed intake (ADFI). The treatment group fed with 50 mg/kg dietary ${\beta}$-1,3/1,6-glucan supplementation showed a numerical increase in ghrelin, a similar change trend with ADG and no significant effect on GH. Lymphocyte proliferation indices, serum IgG and plasma PGE2 concentrations varied linearly with dietary supplementation levels of ${\beta}$-1,3/1,6-glucan on d 14. Higher levels of ${\beta}$-1,3/1,6-glucan may have a transient immuno-enhancing effect on the cellular and humoral immune function of weanling piglets via decreased PGE2. Taking into account both immune response and growth performance, the most suitable dietary supplementation level of ${\beta}$-1,3/1,6-glucan is 50 mg/kg for weanling piglets.