• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
• /
• v.36 no.4
• /
• pp.333-340
• /
• 2013

Canine influenza virus (CIV) is an emerging pathogen that causes severe and acute respiratory disease in dogs. In 2006, the H3N2 CIV was first identified in dogs from Guangdong province in China. The nine isolates were grouped together with the canine H3N2 viruses isolated from dogs and cats in Korea. The possible interspecies transmission of influenza A virus is very important. We carried out a serological retrospective study using invited canine serum. The hospital invited 123 dogs, first vaccination group were revealed with CIV antibody positive rate of 81.8%. the second vaccination group were detected a positive rate of 91.2%. Antibody generation rate was higher in 3~10 years dogs. Protective antibody titers were detected from 2 weeks to 12 months. thereafter below the protective antibody. The results indicate that H3N2 CIV may have been consistently circulating in dog populations. Recently. These findings showed that H3N2 CIV has the capacity to replicate in and transmit among cohoused dogs and underscore the need for continued public health surveillance. Considering the result continuous management and prevention system against CIV is required at the concentrated animal care centers. The importance of CIV surveillance in this region for understanding the genesis of this virus, and it is important to remain aware of the potential of H3N2 CIV to be transmitted from dogs to the human population.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
• /
• v.18 no.3
• /
• pp.118-124
• /
• 2003

For the rapid detection of various pathogenic microorganisms from food sample, various kinds of kits have been developed and commercially available in the markets. With the advantages of speed, accuracy and easiness, the market of these kits has gradually increased for the QC and QA field of food company as well as testing facilities or laboratories. In this study, the characteristics such as the detection limit and the sensitivity of immunochromatographic type of rapid detection kit (Donga Co, Korea, D-kit) for E. coli 0157:H7 developed by monoclonal antibody were examined and also the possibility of application of the kit to food samples was evaluated. The reference kits used for comparison study were Reveal E. coli 0157:H7 (Neogen Co., USA, R-kit) and VIP EHEC kit (Biocontrol Inc., USA, V-kit) occupying major market share. In the detection limit test with the E. coli 0157:H7 reference, both R-kit and D-kit showed a distinct positive reaction in $10^4$/ml and weak positive reaction in $10^3$/ml, whereas V-kit showed a same reaction in 105/ml. Also, it was identified that the culture treated with heat showed more sensitivity than no heat treated culture. The sensitivity test was conducted against 22 isolates of E. coli 0157:H7, 7 strains of non-O157:H7 verotoxin-producing E. coli, 40 strains of E. coli with different O and H antigen type, and 38 strains of non-E. coli Enterobacteriaceae, and all of the test strains except three were showed exactly three were showed exactly the same reaction against three kinds of the tested kits. All the three kinds of kits showed a positive reaction against E. coli O157:H19, E. coli O148:H18 and Salmonella galinarium. We suppose that there might be a similarity in serological property between these three strains and O157:H7. From the test results, it can be concluded that there is (was) no difference between the D-kit developed in this study and R-kit or V-kit based on the detection limit and sensitivity.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
• /
• v.51 no.10
• /
• pp.1071-1076
• /
• 2008

Purpose : Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most frequent cause of lower respiratory infections in infants and young children. Early detection allows quarantining of infected inpatients to prevent nosocomial transmission and to choose a treatment. To achieve rapid reporting, to facilitate prompt antiviral therapy, and to avoid unnecessary use of antibiotics, an easy, rapid diagnostic method for RSV is needed. We evaluated a lateral flow immunochromatography (RSV Respi-Strip test) and EIA (Enzyme immuno assay) compared to RT-PCR. Methods : From April 2007 to March 2008, 112 consecutive respiratory specimens (nasopharyngeal aspirates, throat swabs, tracheal aspirates, sputum) from patients who were suffering from the clinical signs and symptoms of respiratory tract infection were enrolled in Busan. A total of 112 patients were tested with RSV Respi-Strip (Corio-BioConcept, Belgium), EIA, and RT-PCR at the same time. Results : Of the 112 specimens tested, the number of children who showed positive results at RT-PCR and Respi-Strip were 45 and 42, respectively. The Respi-Strip rapid antigen test had a sensitivity of 88% and a specificity of 94%. The positive and negative predictive values were 90% and 92%, respectively. The agreement was 83%. Conclusion : In our study, the rapid antigen test had as much sensitivity as any method for detection of RSV. The test has many advantages such as easy performance, simple interpretation, and rapid results. If the rapid antigen test is widely applied in the clinical setting, the may be useful for diagnostic and epidemiological studies of RSV infection.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
• /
• v.8 no.2
• /
• pp.113-116
• /
• 2005

Purpose: There were a few reports for epidemiologic changes of rotavirus gastroenteritis during recent several years in Korea. We tried to know what is characteristics for the prevalence of rotavirus gastroenteritis in Jeju different from epidemiology of the other domestic area. Methods: We performed a retrospective study of 211 patients with rotavirus gastroenteritis admitted to the pediatric ward at Cheju National University hospital, from December 2001 to June 2005. We defined as rotavirus infection that was positive on immunochromatography method applied to stool samples. Results: Two hundred eleven patients with rotavirus gastroenteritis consisted of 13 patients in December 2001, 32 in 2002, 79 in 2003, 48 patients in 2004 and 39 in 2005 (until June). The monthly distributions, during 3 years from 2002 to 2004, were 40 patients (25.2%) in Jaunary, 56 (35.2%) in February, 31 (19.5%) in March and 23 (14.5%) in April. From May to December, there were only 9 patients (5.6%). Therefore, the prevalences of rotavirus gastroenteritis were concentrated on the 4 months (94.4%) including January, February, March and April. Also, the changes of the monthly distributions from January 2002 to June 2005 were not present. Conclusion: In recent years, the monthly distributions of rotavirus gastroenteritis in Jeju area were centered on the 4 months from January to April without prominent seasonal variation.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
• /
• v.24 no.1
• /
• pp.31-36
• /
• 2017

Purpose: This study aimed to examine the accuracy of rapid influenza diagnostic tests (RIDT) in children with an influenza-like illness and to evaluate factors associated with greater accuracy. Methods: Pediatric patients, who visited Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital with an influenza-like illness between June 2011 and May 2016, were enrolled in this study. We tested 798 samples using a real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for respiratory viruses and compared the results with rapid influenza tests. Results: In comparison with the results of the multiplex PCR, the positive agreement rates of RIDT for influenza A and B virus were 75.7% and 60.0%, respectively. The performance of RIDT varied according to days after fever onset. The positive agreement rates of RIDT for influenza A and B tests, performed within 4 days of fever onset, were 77.6% and 73.2%, but the rates for tests performed more than 5 days after fever onset were 66.7% and 21.4%, respectively. Conclusions: The RIDT is a quick and simple aid to diagnosis, but is less sensitive than the labeled sensitivity. Moreover, test performance varied according to days after fever onset. Test specimens for RIDT should be collected as soon as possible after the onset of symptoms (less than 4 days).

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
• /
• v.31 no.3
• /
• pp.245-253
• /
• 2006

Objectives: Since 1983, vaccination for Hepatitis B virus has been recommended for all neonates in Korea. The objectives of this study was to assess the changing trend of the positive rate of HBsAg and anti-HBs in university students in one province. Methods: The study population consisted of one university students who taken physical exam in 2004, which included 8,527 students (3,391 males and 5,136 females). Serum HBsAg and anti-HBs were detected by immunochromatography method. Results: The positivities of HBsAg and anti-HBs were 2.7% and 61.1%. The positivity of HBsAg was significantly higher in males(p< .05), while that of anti-HBs was significantly higher in females(p< .05). There was some differences of HBsAg positivities among age groups. But there was no correlation between age and the positivities. There was some differences of anti-HBs positivities among age groups. But there was no correlation between age and the positivities. Conclusion: The positivity of HBsAg has significantly decreased and that of anti-HBs has increased with years. It was suggested that the changes of positivity were caused by nationwide hepatitis B vaccination program.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
• /
• v.37 no.2
• /
• pp.167-172
• /
• 2010

An immunochromatograhy (IC) based infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) detection kit, which employed two anti-IBDV VP2 monoclonal antibodies, was evaluated for rapid diagnosis of infectious bursal disease virus (IBD). The detection limit of the IC kit for IBDV was $10^{3.1}$ to $10^{3.9}$ $EID_{50}$/mL, indicating that the IC kit detected IBDV sensitively as same as double antigen capture ELISA but less than a RT-PCR assay. The IC kit did not detect other viral pathogens such as Newcastle disease virus, infectious bronchitis, avian influenza virus, and infectious larynotracheitis virus. When applied to tissue samples of experimental chickens died 3 or 4 days post infection after very virulent IBDV (strain Kr/D62) infection, the IC kit detected IBDV in all samples of the bursa of Fabricius, spleen, kidney, cecal tonsil and in 87.5%, 37.5% and 0% of liver, thymus and proventriculus samples. In particular, BF tissue samples showed stronger signal bands than other tissues. Positive signal was observed. All except for one thymus sample of samples having negative results by the IC kit showed the same result with DAS-ELISA but RT-PCR assay detected IBDV in some of IC kit negative samples of thymus and proventriculus. When swab samples from the bursa of Fabricius of dead chickens (n=231) on field farms were tested, the sensitivity and specificity of the IC assay relative to RT-PCR was 100% (109/109) and 97.5% (119/122), respectively and kappa value between both assay was 0.97. The kit can provide a useful aid for rapid detection of IBDV in chickens under field circumstances.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
• /
• v.26 no.2
• /
• pp.81-88
• /
• 2019

Purpose: Early detection of Mycoplasma pneumoniae is important for appropriate antimicrobial therapy in children with pneumonia. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic value of a rapid antigen test kit in detecting M. pneumoniae from respiratory specimens in children with lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI). Methods: A total of 215 nasopharyngeal aspirates (NPAs) were selected from a pool of NPAs that had been obtained from children admitted for LRTI from August 2010 to August 2018. The specimens had been tested for M. pneumoniae by culture and stored at $-70^{\circ}C$ until use. Tests with Ribotest $Mycoplasma^{(R)}$ were performed and interpreted independently by two investigators who were blinded to the culture results. Results: Among the 215 NPAs, 119 were culture positive for M. pneumoniae and 96 were culture negative. Of the culture-positive specimens, 74 (62.2%) were positive for M. pneumoniae by Ribotest $Mycoplasma^{(R)}$, and 92 of the 96 (95.8%) culture-negative specimens were negative for M. pneumoniae by Ribotest $Mycoplasma^{(R)}$. When culture was used as the standard test, the sensitivity and specificity of Ribotest $Mycoplasma^{(R)}$ were 62.2% and 95.8%, respectively. Additionally, the positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and overall agreement rates with Ribotest $Mycoplasma^{(R)}$ were 94.9%, 67.2%, and 77.2%, respectively. Conclusions: A positive test result of Ribotest $Mycoplasma^{(R)}$ suggests a high likelihood of culture-positive M. pneumoniae infection. However, a negative test result should be interpreted with caution because nearly one-third of negative test results reveal culture-positive M. pneumoniae infections.