• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제25권11호
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• pp.559-571
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• 2022

Galectins, a family of ß-galactoside-binding lectins, have emerged as soluble mediators in infected cells and pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) responsible for evoking and regulating innate immunity. The present study aimed to evaluate the role of galectin-1 in the host immune response of redlip mullet (Liza haematocheilia). We established a cDNA database for redlip mullet, and the cDNA sequence of galectin-1 (LhGal-1) was characterized. In silico analysis was performed, and the spatial and temporal expression patterns in gills and blood in response to lipopolysaccharide polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid, and Lactococcus garvieae were estimated via quantitative real-time PCR. Functional assays were conducted using recombinant protein to investigate carbohydrate binding, bacterial binding, and bacterial agglutination activity. LhGal-1 was composed of 135 amino acids. Conserved motifs (H-NPR, -N- and -W-E-R) within the carbohydrate recognition domain were found in LhGal-1. The tissue distribution revealed that the healthy stomach expressed high levels of LhGal-1. The temporal monitoring of LhGal-1 mRNA expression in the gill and blood showed its significant upregulation in response to immune challenges with different stimulants. rLhGal-1 exhibited binding activity in response to carbohydrates and bacteria. Moreover, the agglutination of rLhGal-1 against Escherichia coli was observed. Collectively, our findings suggest that LhGal-1 may function as a PRR in redlip mullet. Furthermore, LhGal-1 can be considered a significant gene to play a protective role in redlip mullet immune system.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제65권4호
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• pp.804-817
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• 2023

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of co-dried fish protein hydrolysate (CFPH) on broilers performance, intestinal microbiology, and cellular immune responses. Five hundred one-day-old (Ross 308) male broilers were allocated to four treatments with five replicates of 25 birds in a completely randomized design. The experimental treatments included four levels of CFPH (0% as the control, 2.5%, 5%, and 7.5%) in the isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets. During the experiment, body weight (BW) and feed intake (FI) were periodically recorded in addition to calculating average daily gain (ADG), feed conversion ratio (FCR), liveability index, and European broiler index (EBI). In addition, cellular immune responses were evaluated at 30 days of age. On day 42, ileal contents were obtained to examine the microbial population. Based on the findings, Dietary supplementation of 5 and 7.5% CFPH increased the percentage of the thigh while decreasing the relative weight of the gizzard compared to the control group. The highest relative length of jejunum was observed in birds receiving 2.5 and 5% CFPH, and its highest relative weight belonged to birds fed with 5% CFPH. The number of coliforms, enterobacters, and total gram-negative bacteria in the intestines of birds receiving CFPH was less than that of the control group. In general, the application of CFPH in broiler nutrition can decrease the level of soybean meal in diet and it can be considered as a new protein supplement in poultry production. It is suggested to study the incorporation of this new supplement in other livestock's diets.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.461-470
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• 2024

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the genetic diversity, population structure and whole-genome selection signatures of Luxi cattle to reveal its genomic characteristics in terms of meat and carcass traits, skeletal muscle development, body size, and other traits. Methods: To further analyze the genomic characteristics of Luxi cattle, this study sequenced the whole-genome of 16 individuals from the core conservation farm in Shandong region, and collected 174 published genomes of cattle for conjoint analysis. Furthermore, three different statistics (pi, F_st, and XP-EHH) were used to detect potential positive selection signatures related to selection in Luxi cattle. Moreover, gene ontology and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes pathway enrichment analyses were performed to reveal the potential biological function of candidate genes harbored in selected regions. Results: The results showed that Luxi cattle had high genomic diversity and low inbreeding levels. Using three complementary methods (pi, F_st, and XP-EHH) to detect the signatures of selection in the Luxi cattle genome, there were 2,941, 2,221 and 1,304 potentially selected genes identified, respectively. Furthermore, there were 45 genes annotated in common overlapping genomic regions covered 0.723 Mb, including PLAG1 zinc finger (PLAG1), dedicator of cytokinesis 3 (DOCK3), ephrin A2 (EFNA2), DAZ associated protein 1 (DAZAP1), Ral GTPase activating protein catalytic subunit alpha 1 (RALGAPA1), mediator complex subunit 13 (MED13), and decaprenyl diphosphate synthase subunit 2 (PDSS2), most of which were enriched in pathways related to muscle growth and differentiation and immunity. Conclusion: In this study, we provided a series of genes associated with important economic traits were found in positive selection regions, and a scientific basis for the scientific conservation and genetic improvement of Luxi cattle.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.4.1-4.14
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• 2024

Background: Lawsonia intracellularis is the causative agent of proliferative enteropathy and is associated with several outbreaks, causing substantial economic loss to the porcine industry. Objectives: In this study, we focused on demonstrating the protective effect in the mouse model through the immunological bases of two vaccine strains against porcine proliferative enteritis. Methods: We used live-attenuated Salmonella Typhimurium (ST) secreting two selected immunogenic LI antigens (Lawsonia autotransporter A epitopes and flagellin [FliC]-peptidoglycan-associated lipoprotein-FliC) as the vaccine carrier. The constructs were cloned into a Salmonella expression vector (pJHL65) and transformed into the ST strain (JOL912). The expression of immunogenic proteins within Salmonella was evaluated via immunoblotting. Results: Immunizing BALB/c mice orally and subcutaneously induced high levels of LI-specific systemic immunoglobulin G and mucosal secretory immunoglobulin A. In immunized mice, there was significant upregulation of interferon-γ and interleukin-4 cytokine mRNA and an increase in the subpopulations of cluster of differentiation (CD) 4⁺ and CD 8⁺ T lymphocytes upon splenocytes re-stimulation with LI antigens. We observed significant protection in C57BL/6 mice against challenge with 10^6.9 times the median tissue culture infectious dose of LI or 2 × 10⁹ colony-forming units of the virulent ST strain. Immunizing mice with either individual vaccine strains or co-mixture inhibited bacterial proliferation, with a marked reduction in the percentage of mice shedding Lawsonia in their feces. Conclusions: Salmonella-mediated LI gene delivery induces robust humoral and cellular immune reactions, leading to significant protection against LI and salmonellosis.

• 통합자연과학논문집
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.59-65
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• 2024

Dendritic cells play a very important role in the immune response as antigen-presenting cells that are critical for initiating both innate and acquired immunity. They recognize, process and present foreign antigens to other key immune cells to trigger and regulate the immune response. The ability to activate these dendritic cells can be used as a treatment for various immune diseases. Maqui berry has been reported to have anticancer, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties. However, its effect on the activity of dendritic cells has not been studied. In this study, we investigated the efficacy of maqui berry extract in modulating dendritic cell activity. Treatment of dendritic cells with maqui berry extract induced the costimulatory molecules CD80, CD86, and MHC class I and II in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, the antigen-presenting capacity of dendritic cells was inhibited, which confirms their ability to present antigens, and the production of Interleukin (IL)-12, which is important for dendritic cell activity, was increased. These results indicated that Maqui berry extract activates dendritic cells maturation by inducing the production of co-stimulatory molecules and IL-12. These results suggest that maqui berry extract may act as an effective adjuvant to enhance dendritic cell-based immune responses.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.644-653
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• 2024

Considering the emergence of various infectious diseases, including the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), people's attention has shifted towards immune health. Consequently, immune-enhancing functional foods have been increasingly consumed. Hence, developing new immune-enhancing functional food products is needed. Pinus densiflora pollen can be collected from the male red pine tree, which is commonly found in Korea. P. densiflora pollen extract (PDE), obtained by water extraction, contained polyphenols (216.29 ± 0.22 mg GAE/100 g) and flavonoids (35.14 ± 0.04 mg CE/100 g). PDE significantly increased the production of nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) but, did not exhibit cytotoxicity in RAW 264.7 cells. Western blot results indicated that PDE induced the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2. PDE also significantly increased the mRNA and protein levels of cytokines and the phosphorylation of IKKα/β and p65, as well as the activation and degradation of IκBα. Additionally, western blot analysis of cytosolic and nuclear fractions and immunofluorescence assay confirmed that the translocation of p65 to the nucleus after PDE treatment. These results confirmed that PDE increases the production of cytokines, NO, and ROS by activating NF-κB. Therefore, PDE is a promising nutraceutical candidate for immune-enhancing functional foods.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.491-496
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• 2015

본 연구는 대표적인 떫은 감 품종인 대봉감과 반시의 항산화, 항염증 및 면역증강 효과를 탐색, 비교하였다. 쥐 모델을 대상으로 4주간 대봉감과 반시의 섭취는 식이섭취량과 체중 변화에 영향을 미치지 않았다. B지역의 대봉감 섭취는 고지방식이 대조군 대비 유의적으로 카탈레이즈 활성 수준을 증가시켰으며, 간 조직의 지질과산화물인 말론디알데하이드 수준은 고지방식이 대조군 대비 A지역 대봉감을 섭취한 군에서 유의적으로 감소하였다. 또한 A지역 대봉감의 섭취는 염증인자인 IL-1 beta의 수준을 고지방식이군 대비 유의적으로 감소시켰다. 또 다른 대표적인 염증인자인 IL-6는 고지방식이 대조군과 비교하여 A지역과 B지역의 대봉감을 섭취한 군에서 유의적으로 감소시켰다. TNF-alpha 수준은 A지역의 대봉감을 섭취한 군에서 고지방식이대조군 대비 유의적으로 감소되었다. A지역 대봉감 섭취는 IgG의 수준을 고지방식이 대조군 대비 유의적으로 증가시켰다. IGF-1의 수준은 고지방식이 대조군과 비교하여 A, B, C 지역 대봉감 섭취군에서 증가하였다. 이상의 결과로부터 대봉감의 섭취는 우수한 항염증 효과와 면역증강 효과가 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.249-258
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• 1993

원발성 아메바성 수막뇌염을 야기하는 Naegleria fowleri를 사망율에 따라 $1{\;}{\times}{\;}10^4$개 아메바 영양형 접종군과. $1{\;}{\times}{\;}10^5$개 아메바 영양형 접종군으로 나누어 비장세포를 비특이 mitogen인 Phytohemagglutinin(PHA)과 특이항원인 N. fowleri Iysates로 자극하여 T 세포의 interleukin-2 생성정도를 측정하고 T 림프구의 아형 및 아세포화정도를 측정한 결과 N.fowleri 아메바 영양형 $1{\;}{\times}{\;}10^5$개 접종군에서의 마우스 사망율은 72.2%였으며 $1{\;}{\times}{\;}10^4$개 접종군에서의 마우스 사망율은 14.3%였다. 또한 IL릭 생성정도를 접종후 7, 14, 24일째 측정한 결과. 접종 후 14일째에는 두 실험군 모두에서 대조군과 비교하여 IL닉의 생성이 유의하게 감소하였으며 접종 후 24일째에는 두 실험군 모두에서 접종 후 14일째 보다는 증가하였으나 대조군과 비교하여 유의하게 억제되었다 비장세포내 T 림프구 아형의 변동은 전체 비장 림프구에 대한 $Thy-1.2^{+}{\;}T.{\;}L3T4^{+}{\;}T,{\;}Ly^{2+}{\;}T$ 세포는 N.fowleri아메바 영양형 $1{\;}{\times}{\;}10^5$개 접종군에서 접종 후 7일째 대조군과 비교하여 유의하게 증가하였고 접종 후 14일째와 24일째에는 대조군과 비교하여 유의한 차이가 없었다. 아메바 영양형 $1{\;}{\times}{\;}10^4$개를 접종시킨 실험군은 경과 일수에 관계없이 대조군과 비교하여 유의한 차이가 없었다. 비장세포내 T 세포의 DNA의 분획을 관찰한 결과 두 실험군 모두에서 접종 후 7일째에 S phase 분획이 가장 높이 증가하였으며 접종 후 14일과 24일째에도 대조군에 비하여는 유의하게 증가하여 있었다. 이상의 결과를 종합하여 볼 때, N.fowleri를 사망율을 기준으로 접종량을 달리하여 아메바 영양형 $1{\;}{\times}{\;}10^4$개 접종군과 $1{\;}{\times}{\;}10^5$개 접종군으로 나누어 접종하였을 때, 접종 후 7일을 전후하여 IL-2를 매개로 활성화되는 세포매개성 면역이 N.fowleri감염의 방어기작으로 작용하는 것으로 생각되며 아메바 접종 후 14일째에는 치명적인 수막뇌염으로 진행되어 비장세포의 IL-2의 생성능력이 매우 억제된 것으로 생각된다. 또한 IL-2 생성능력과 T 세포의 아세포화의 증가 및 T세포 아령의 수의 변동과는 잘 일치되지 않는 것으로 나타났다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.707-714
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• 2008

The experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of ${\beta}$-1,3/1,6-glucan on growth performance, immunity and endocrine responses of weanling piglets. One hundred and eighty weanling piglets (Landrace$\times$Large White, $7.20{\pm}0.25kg$ BW and $28{\pm}2$ d of age) were randomly fed 1 of 5 treatment diets containing dietary ${\beta}$-1,3/1,6-glucan supplemented at 0, 25, 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg for 4 wks. Each treatment was replicated in 6 pens containing 6 pigs per pen. On d 14 and 28, body weight gain, feed consumption and feed efficiency were recorded as measures of growth performance. Peripheral blood lymphocyte proliferation and serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) were measured to study the effect of dietary ${\beta}$-1,3/1,6-glucan supplementation on immune function. Plasma prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), growth hormone (GH) and ghrelin were measured to investigate endocrine response to ${\beta}$-1,3/1,6-glucan supplementation. Our results suggest that average daily gain (ADG) and feed efficiency had a quadratic increase trend with dietary ${\beta}$-1,3/1,6-glucan supplementation from d 14 to 28, whereas it had no significant effect on average daily feed intake (ADFI). The treatment group fed with 50 mg/kg dietary ${\beta}$-1,3/1,6-glucan supplementation showed a numerical increase in ghrelin, a similar change trend with ADG and no significant effect on GH. Lymphocyte proliferation indices, serum IgG and plasma PGE2 concentrations varied linearly with dietary supplementation levels of ${\beta}$-1,3/1,6-glucan on d 14. Higher levels of ${\beta}$-1,3/1,6-glucan may have a transient immuno-enhancing effect on the cellular and humoral immune function of weanling piglets via decreased PGE2. Taking into account both immune response and growth performance, the most suitable dietary supplementation level of ${\beta}$-1,3/1,6-glucan is 50 mg/kg for weanling piglets.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.502-507
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 봉독의 처리에 따른 A549 폐암세포의 증식억제에서 $PGE_2$ 생성 및 telomerase 활성의 변화 관련성을 조사하였다. A549 세포의 증식은 봉독 처리에 의하여 유의적으로 감소되었으며, 이는 apoptosis 유발과 연관성이 있음을 알 수 있었다. 봉독 처리 농도의 증가에 따라 COX-2의 발현이 전사 및 번역 수준에서 모두 감소되었으며 이에 따른 $PGE_2$의 생성이 현저하게 감소되었으나, COX-1의 발현에는 큰 변화가 없었다. 또한 봉독 처리에 따라 telomere 조절인자들 중, hTERT, hTR 및 c-myc의 발현이 억제되었으며, telomerase의 활성도 매우 감소되었다. 본 연구의 결과는 $PGE_2$ 생성과 telomerase 활성 저하가 봉독의 항암 작용 표적인자로서 작용될 수 있음을 보여준다.