• The Korea Journal of Herbology
• /
• v.32 no.1
• /
• pp.1-13
• /
• 2017

Objective : Soybeans of Canavalia gladiata(CG) and root of Arctium lappa(AL) have been reported to have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant effect. However, the immunoregulatory mechanisms of its combinational prescription remain a matter of considerable debate. In the current study, we investigated whether CG and AL and its combinational prescription(CG+AL) regulate immune system using chronic immobilization-stress mouse model. Methods : C57BL/6J mice fixed for 2 hours into immobilization tube after CG, AL, CG+AL oral administration after 2 hours daily for 21 days. After every experiment has ended the C57BL/6J mice were sacrificed on 22 days. The production of Serotonin and Cortisol, lgA were observed by ELISA method, The proportion of immune cells such as T/B cell and macrophage, NK cell were measured by FACS. Then, Real-time PCR was performed to measure the mRNA expression of Inflammatory cytokines(IL-1beta, IL-6, TNF-a) and T cell activation cytokines(IL-2, IL-10, IFN-gamma, IL-12p35 / p40). Result : When chronic immobilization-stress mouse model were treated with CG+AL(1:4), the expression of mRNA were significantly decreased at the Inflammatory cytokines(IL-1beta, IL-6, TNF-a). While, the levels of mRNA were significantly increased at immune T cell activation cytokines. Additionally, CG+AL(1:4) combinational prescription group enhanced immune cells such as T/B cell and macrophage, NK cell. Furthermore, the Immuno-fluorescence result of brain tissue can confirm that CG+AL(1:4) group significantly increased the BDNF expression. Conclusion : These result suggest that CG+AL(1:4) combinational prescription has Immune System enhancement via stress-mediated immunocyte.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
• /
• v.16 no.3
• /
• pp.139-153
• /
• 2012

Objectives : NK cells are spontaneously cytotoxic lymphocytes. These are not only important parts in the first line of defence against bacterial and viral infections of outside, but they may also play a critical role in chronic viral diseases. NK cells kill their targets spontaneously, without the need for prior sensitization and class I MHC restriction by the regulation of cytolytic functions and secretion of a variety of cytokines, such as interleukin-12(IL-12), MCP-1, IL-6, TNF-${\alpha}$, IFN-${\gamma}$. In addition, macrophage and NK cells cooperate through the production of cell mediates. These cooperation and modulation are one of major factors to prevent for evading immune surveillance of cancer. Hence, it could be assumed that if any candidate to enhance activities of macrophage and NK cell, it is considered as a potentially useful agents against cancer. Methods : In our study, to investigate effect of fermented soybean extracts by Lactic acid bacteria (SFE, soybean fermented extracts) work on intestinal immune cell to maintain general immune modulating and anti-cancer activity. We analyzed NK cytotoxicity assay and gene expressions of cytokine related with macrophage and NK cell activity. Results : In vitro experiment, SFE was verified as safety material for cell toxicicty to tumor cell strain without any toxicity of tumor growth inhibition and various cell strain. Effects of macrophage activity stimulating directly by SFE measured induced cytokine. The studies showed that IL-12 production by stimulation of SFE depended on concentration from 0.16mg/mL to 0.63mg/mL with non toxicity to cell, and it was the best activity at 0.63mg/mL. Besides, the effective concentration of SFE producing TNF-${\alpha}$ is similar to IL-12, but it was the best activity at 1.25mg/mL. The level of MCP-1, IL-6 and IFN-${\gamma}$ depended on concentration from 0.16mg/mL to 10mg/mL, IFN-${\gamma}$ showed the best activity at the effective concentration of 0.63mg/mL. With the result of NK cell activity measurement, the spleen cell of mouse injected SFE had 1.5 times higher killing effect than non injected cell. Conclusions : The result of this studies is that Soybean fermetated extracts(SFE) has possibility to immune aided material for the function not only inhibition of microbial infection to macrophage but also activity of adaption immune and cellular immune system.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
• /
• v.5 no.1
• /
• pp.11-15
• /
• 2005

Background: Throughtout the last three decades, the therapy of leukemias and lymphoma has set the stage for curative cancer therapy in systemic malignant disease. This was the result of an integrated work of basic reaserch and clinical investigators leading to more aggressive albeit tolerable protocol of chemotherapy and radiotherapy. High dose therapy marks the most elaborated strategies in this field today. However, intensification of conventional therapeutic modalities as mentioned has to be based on new approaches and the exploration of new antineoplastic mechanisms. This insight has resulted in immune therapy of cancer. Among the cells of the immune system, natural killer (NK) cells and T cells are of major interest for the development of therapeutic strategies. Methods: Cytotoxicity to target cells was measured by LDH release method, Characterization of activated lymphocyte was measured by Flow cytometry analysis. Anti-CD3, 16, 56 monoclonal antibody and IL-2 were used for the activation of NK and T cell. The analysis of effect of activated lymphocyte, in vivo, were used by Balb/c nude mouse. Results and Conclusion: Cytotoxicity to K562 cells was significantly higher in the mixture group of NK and T cells than that of a group of activating T cells. The survivors and the rate of reduction of size of tumor craft of nude mouse group treatment with activated lymphocyte was higher than that of the group without treatment with activated lymphocyte. Therefore, this results are suggested that the activated lymphocytes by anti-CD3, CD16 and CD56 can reduce the malignancy effect of lymphoma.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.9 no.1
• /
• pp.285-292
• /
• 2009

The purpose of this study was to demonstrate immune-activities by heat therapy. To exam, furthermore, the immune effect is investigated from the healthy volunteer(male:15, female:15) by monitoring changes of immune substances such as complements(C1q, C3, and C4), a comparative study with warm water immersion($40.8{\pm}0.3^{\circ}C$) and infrared(250W) was carried out. The plasma analysis showed that the percentage of C1q, C3, and C4 was decreased in warm water immersion-stimulated group, but not in infrared-applied group, compared with control group from healthy volunteer. Therefore, these results suggest that the thermo-stimulation improved immune activity and inhibited complement-related inflammation through the warm water immersion-dependent classical pathway.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.1-16
• /
• 2012

In order to study the effect of CPS in the treatment of atopic dermatitis (AD), its role on various immune related cytokines were tested. Levels of liver and kidney function markers such as ALT, AST, BUN in NC/Nga mice were all normal indicating no toxicity in CPS treated group. Significant recovery from AD could be observed in CPS treated group through naked eye observation. Dermatitis index was significantly decreased after 11, 12, and 13 weeks of treatment. CD4+, CD8+, CD3+ /CD69+ immune cell ratio in DLN were decreased significantly by 37.2%, 49%, 20.8% in CPS treated group. CD4+ and CD11b+ /Gr-1+ immune cell ratio in dorsal skin were decreased significantly by 50.8% and 59.2% in CPS treated group. Expression of IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-13 and TNF-${\alpha}$ in spleen were decreased by 78.8%, 97.8%, 64.7%, 73.6%, and 68.4%, respectively in CPS treated group. The results above strongly indicated the significant immune modulatory effect of CPS and thus clinical application of CPS on AD treatment.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
• /
• v.23 no.3
• /
• pp.141-147
• /
• 2008

Objectives : The cortex and root of Acanthopanax sessiliflorus (AR), a herbal medicine, have been used for several diseases including cancer in Oriental countries. Recently, we reported that AR has an immune-potentiating action. Oga-Power(OP) was made using extract from AR. For these reasons, we hypothesized that OP can potentiate the immune system in terms of accelerating proliferation rates of immune cells such as thymocytes and splenocytes. Methods : In this experiment, proliferation rates of thymocytes and splenocytes were measured using modified 3-[4,5-dimethy -lthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT). No production levels in macrophages isolated from normal mice were measured using Griess method. Results : In our results, treatment with OP accelerated proliferation rates of splenocytes, but did not affect those of thymocytes in vitro. On the other hand, proliferation rates of thymocytes was elevated in vivo. In addition, level of NO production from macrophage separated from abdominal cavity of normal mice was elevated by treatment with OP. Conclusions : In conclusion, OP has immune-potentiating action, by acceleration of splenocyte proliferation and elevation of NO production level from macrophages.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• v.43 no.2
• /
• pp.252-260
• /
• 2019

Background: Increases in the average global temperature cause heat stress-induced disorders by disrupting homeostasis. Excessive heat stress triggers an imbalance in the immune system; thus protection against heat stress is important to maintain immune homeostasis. Korean ginseng (Panax ginseng Meyer) has been used as a herbal medicine and displays beneficial biological properties. Methods: We investigated the protective effects of Korean ginseng extracts (KGEs) against heat stress in a rat model. Following acclimatization for 1 week, rats were housed at room temperature for 2 weeks and then exposed to heat stress ($40^{\circ}C$/2 h/day) for 4 weeks. Rats were treated with three KGEs from the beginning of the second week to the end of the experiment. Results: Heat stress dramatically increased secretion of inflammatory factors, and this was significantly reduced in the KGE-treated groups. Levels of inflammatory factors such as heat shock protein 70, interleukin 6, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha were increased in the spleen and muscle upon heat stress. KGEs inhibited these increases by down-regulating heat shock protein 70 and the associated nuclear $factor-{\kappa}B$ and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways. Consequently, KGEs suppressed activation of T-cells and B-cells. Conclusion: KGEs suppress the immune response upon heat stress and decrease the production of inflammatory cytokines in muscle and spleen. We suggest that KGEs protect against heat stress by inhibiting inflammation and maintaining immune homeostasis.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
• /
• v.36 no.6
• /
• pp.235-241
• /
• 2022

The purpose of this study was to investigate the immune activation effect of Sasamsaengmaek-san (SSSMS) consisted of a mixture of Adenophora triphylla var. japonica, Liriope platyphylla, Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer and Schisandra chinensis. in Balb/c mice. Measuring alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartic acid transaminase (AST) levels in Balb/c mice was performed to analyze the cytotoxicity. Cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-12) which regulate the immune activation in Balb/c mice were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Activated T lymphocytes in peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC), spleen, lymph nodes were analyzed by flow cytometry using percentages. All tests were compared with red ginseng 100 ㎍/mL (RG 100), which is the most used for immune activity. As a result, cytokine activity was significantly increased at SSSMS 300 group. Activated T lymphocytes in PBMC, spleen, lymph nodes were significantly increased at SSSMS 300 group. These results suggest that there is a possibility of SSSMS activating an immune system by activating the cytokines, and it is confirmed that SSSMS also effective for generation and differentiation of T, B lymphocytes which activate the immune response.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
• /
• v.11 no.sup1
• /
• pp.111-116
• /
• 2008

Immunonutrition is the provision of specific nutrients that modulate the activity of the immune system. Several nutrients including arginine, glutamine, nucleotides, omega-3 fatty acids, vitamins, minerals, and prebiotics can be provided to enhance immunity in critically ill patients. Supplying immunonutrition to critically-ill children, better prognosis and shortening of the hospital stay are expected from its immuno-modulating effects. Therefore, immune-enhancing enteral and parenteral formulas can be recommended in children with severe illness.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
• /
• 1998.11a
• /
• pp.286-288
• /
• 1998

A digital distance relaying algorithm immune to the effect of the fault resistance in single-phase to ground fault is proposed. The power frequency components of relaying signals are extracted by the 1 cycle DFT. To compensate the magnitude and phase of the estimated impedance, which is calculated by the general method, this algorithm uses phase difference between the zero sequence impedance of networks on both sided of the system.