• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.227-238
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• 2005

The characteristics of nitrogen removal by the free cell and the immobilized cell of R. capsulatus were investigated. Denitrification by R. capsulatus cells resulted in reduction of ORP with the rapid depletion of DO and the increase of pH. Without accumulation of nitrite, the removal efficiencies of ${NO_3}^-$-N for the free cell and the immobilized cell were 99.1 and 99.3%, respectively. During the three-month experiment of goldfish breeding equipped with a water-purification biofilter, the average values of pH and total cell numbers present in an aquarium were not significantly different between water-purification system and the control. The average concentrations of ${NH_4}^+$-N and ${PO_4}^{2-}$-P in water-purification system were relatively low, compared to that in the control. Goldfish died at $11^{th}$, $16^{th}$, $43^{rd}$, and $67^{th}$ days in the control, while goldfish died at $10^{th}$, $20^{th}$, and $39^{th}$ days in the water-purification system. On the days of goldfish's death, the total concentrations of nitrogenous compounds except for ${NO_2}^--N$ were higher than those on the other days of the experiment, especially with the concentrations of ${NH_4}^+$-N ranging from 7.4 to 13.5 mg/L. The water-purification system also showed the less turbidity of water with more active movement of goldfish than the control. PVA gel beads showed almost the full denitrifying ability even after the long-term experiment. As a result, the water-purification system was effective to remove nitrogenous compounds with better survival of goldfish.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제51권6호
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• pp.307-314
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• 2008

To explore the optimal conditions for the removal of $H_{2}S$ gas by biofiltration, various conditions, including inlet $H_{2}S$ concentration, flow rate, moisture, and cell number, were examined. Heterotrophic bacteria were isolated from the compost of the animal excreta. A strain that effectively removed $H_{2}S$ was selected and identified as Rhodococcus rhodochrous B261 by analysis of its 16S rDNA sequence. A cell number of $10^{7}\;cfu/g^{-}compost$ was sufficient to dominate the microbiota, and an effective removal was observed at $H_{2}S$ gas concentrations below 220 mg/L. The moisture content of 33-38% was suitable for activation of the microbial activity and delaying the desiccation. Higher flow rates resulted in lower removal rates of the $H_{2}S$ gas. Under the conditions of $10^7\;cfu/g^{-}compost$, $H_{2}S$ gas concentrations of 220 mg/L, and moisture content of 33-38%, the inlet $H_{2}S$ gas concentrations of 120 and 400 mg/L were completely removed for 34 and 12 days, respectively. The amount of sulfur removed was $2.99{\times}10^{-9}H_{2}S-S/cell$, which was suggested as the amount of sulfur removed by a single cell. The biofilter consisting of the compost and R. rhodochrous B261 could be suitable for a long-term biofilteration for the removal of $H_{2}S$ and other malodorous compounds.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.285-291
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• 2006

Biofiltration is a simple, effective, economically viable and the most widely used gas treatment technique for treating malodors at low concentrations and high flow rates. This paper reports the performance of two lab scale immobilized cell biofilters operated in continuous mode for hydrogen sulfide ($H_2S$) and ammonia ($NH_3$) removal. The removal efficiency (RE, %) and the elimination capacity (EC, $g/m^3{\cdot}hr$) profiles were monitored by subjecting the biofilters to different loading rates of $H_2S$ (0.3 to $8\;g/m^3{\cdot}hr$) and $NH_3$ (0.3 to $4.5\;g/m^3{\cdot}hr$). The removal efficiencies were greater than 99% when inlet loading rate to the biofilters were upto $6\;gH_2S/m^3{\cdot}hr$ and $4\;gNH_3/m^3{\cdot}hr$ respectively. The performance of the biofilters were also ascertained by conducting shock loading studies at a loading rate of $10\;gH_2S/m^3{\cdot}hr$ and $6\;gNH_3/m^3{\cdot}hr$. The results from this study show high removal efficiency, good recuperating potential and stability of the immobilized microbial consortia to transient shock loads.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.466-473
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• 2001

분리 규주는 운동성을 갖는 그람 음성 간균으로서 catalase 양성 반응을 보였으며, citrate, mannitol, sucorse, frutose, trehaslos 등을 이용하였다. Biolog test 결과, 분리 균주는 burkholderia(Pseudomonas) cepacia 이 것으로 동정되었으며, 85.5%의 유사성을 나타내었다. 분리 균주의 최적온도와 pH는 각각 3$0^{\circ}C$, 7.0이었으며, pH 4.0-8.0의 넓은 범위에서 성장이 가능하였다. 그리고 분리 균주의 유기물의 영향을 알아 본 결과 thiosulfate 배지에 yeast extract를 유일한 탄소원으로 혼합하여 첨가하면 thiosulfate 와 yeast extract 중 하나가 성장 제한 인자 중 하나의 농도를 증가시키면 세포 성장에 따른 균체량이 증가하였다. 본 실험에서는 유기물로는 glucose 보다 yeast extract를 첨가했을 때가 증식 속도와 황산화 속도가 높게 나타났다. Thiosulfate 농도에 따른 분리균주의 황산화 속도와 최대 황산화 속도는 각각 0.56.h$^{-1}$과 0.18 g-S/L.h로 나타났다. 결과는 환산화 속도는 기질 농도가 증가함에 따라 완만하게 증가하여 0.12M에서 0.2 g-S.L.에 도달하였으나 0.16M에서는 급격하게 감소하였다. 분리균의 황하 수소 제거능을 조사하기 위하여 각 flow rate 에 따른 최대 제거 속도는 Vm과 K CIn/R과 CIn의 그래프를 이용하여 Hanes-Wolf 식을 통하여 구했다. 즉, 그래프 기울기와 Y절편으로부터 계산한 flow rate 12 L/h에서의 황화 수소에 대한 Vm과 Ks는 각각 6.25 g-S.㎤.h$^{-1}$과 22.88ppm이다 높은 flow rate에서의 제거 효율과 제거 용량은 역 경향이 나타났다. 이것은 mass transfer 효과 즉, 확산 제한에 기인한 것이지 미생물의 효소 활성의 제한에 의한 것은 아니다 (19), 따라서 biofilter 내로 고농도의 황화 수소가 유입 될 때 황화 수소 가스의 flow rate를 줄이든지 또는 적절한 제거 용량에 도달하기 위해 충진물의 부피를 증가 할 필요가 있다.