• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.50-57
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• 1995

Background: Transcather arterial embolization has been established as an effective means to control hemoptysis, especially in patients with decreased pulmonary function such as postpneumonectomy patients and those with advanced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. We evaluated the effect of arterial embolization and analysed the correlation of the clinical and angiographic characteristics and investigated the clinical course and outcome after arterial embolization in the patients with significant hemoptysis. Method: 58 patients with massive or recurrent hemoptysis underwent transcatheter arterial embolization for the treatment of hemoptysis from April 1992 to Sept. 1993. Results: Most common cause of hemoptysis was pulmonary tuberculosis(34 cases, 58.3%). Embolized vessels responsible for hemoptysis were 56 bronchial arteries and 32 nonbronchial systemic arteries. Initial most common angiographic findings were hypervascularity and shunt. Initial success rate of hemoptysis control revealed 81.1%. However, 15 of 58 patients(25.9%) showed recurrence of hemoptysis after transcatheter arterial embolization. The complications(18 cases, 31%) such as chest pain, fever, voiding difficulty, atelectasis, paralytic ileus and unwanted embolization were occured. Conclusion: Transcatheter arterial embolization is useful and relatively safe treatment modality for immediate bleeding control of patients with massive hemoptysis or inoperable cases. The further evaluation of the long term results according to the embolized material and underlying pulmonary disease will be required.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.35-39
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• 2008

Purpose: This study was aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of of intravenous iron sucrose ($Venoferrum^{(R)}$) for treating the perioperative anemic gastrectomy patients. Materials and Methods: From September 2006 to February 2007 at Seoul National University Hospital, the gastrectomy patients who displayed perioperative anemia (7.0 g/dl $\leq$ hemoglobin levels (Hb) < 11.0 g/dl) and who were admitted or visited the outpatient clinic of the Department of surgery, were divided into two groups. The preoperative (${\leq}\;2{\sim}3$ weeks before gastrectomy) or postoperative ($\geq$ 1 month after gastrectomy) patients without evidence of acute bleeding were included into Group 1. The immediate postoperative (< 1 month after gastrectomy) patients with stable vital signs were included into Group 2. The age, gender, diagnosis, Hb, hematocrit (Hct), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), serum ferritin (SF), total iron binding capacity (TIBC), serum iron and reticulocyte counts (RC) were evaluated before and after intravenous iron sucrose administration. The adverse effects of drugs were investigated. Results: The number of patients of group 1 and group 2 was 79 and 46, respectively. In group 1, there was a statistically significant difference in the Hb, Hct, MCV, SF, RC and TIBC with each mean change of 1.3 g/dl, 4.1%, 3.1ft, 195 ng/ml, 0.2% and -86.4 ug/dl, respectively. In group 2, there was a statistically significant difference in the Hb, Hct, MCV, SF and RC with each mean change of 1.8 g/dl, 6.1%, 3.4fl, 260 ng/ml and 0.3%, respectively. Two patients (1.6%) suffered local thrombophlebitis as an adverse effect. Conclusion: Intravenous iron sucrose for the perioperative anemia of gastrectomy patients was efficacious in the short period without significant adverse effects.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.13-22
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• 2015

The combined impact of Dissolved Organic Matter (DOM) fouling and inorganic ($CaSO_4,Ca_3(PO_4)_2$) scaling on the retention of TNT (2, 4, 6-Trinitrotoluene), RDX (Hexahydro-1, 3, 5-trinitro-1, 3, 5-triazine) and HMX (1, 3, 5, 7-Tetranitro-1, 3, 5, 7-tetrazocane) explosive contaminants by nano-filtration membrane were studied, since organic fouling and salt scaling are the major limitations for membrane filtration. Results reported here indicate that DOM fouling layer with a humic acid does not necessarily lead to an immediate loss of permeate flux but can result in a severe impact on the flux loss when both humic acid and inorganic scaltants were presented simultaneously. The $Ca_3(PO_4)_2$ mixed with humic acid showd most sever flux loss (42%) compared to that of only humic acid presence (8%). It could be a result that the scaling formation of the NF membrane was dominated by cake layer formation of DOM and it was along with pore blocking by the formation of crystals inside the porous active matrix of the NF membrane. In addition, these results indicated that the membrane selectivity of the explosives retention trended correlated with respect to increasing explosives size (listed by MW) based on greater steric interactions and followed the order (MW, g $mol^{-1}$; removal, %): HMX (296.15; 83%) ${\gg}$ RDX (222.12; 49%) ≋ TNT (227.13; 32%). Because the scaling and fouling layer could lead to a additional cake-enhanced concentration polarisation effect, the retention of explosives with the presence of humic acid in the feed solution and inorganic scaling formation on top of an organic fouling layer do not differ substantially retention from that of pure DI feed and NaCl solution.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.28 no.2 s.67
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• pp.237-253
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• 1998

Surgical-orthodontic treatment is performed for the skeletal Class III patients with no remaining growth and too big a skeletal discrepancy (or camouflage treatment, and two jaw surgery is needed in order to have maximum effect in such patients. In two jaw surgery cases, surgical alteration of the occlusal plane is necessary to establish optimal function, esthetics and postoperative sability, therefore the establishment of the occlusal plane is essential in diagnosis and treatment. The object of this study is to evaluate the stability of the indiviual ideal occlusal plane bsaed on the architectural and structural craniofacial analysis of Delaires. Thus, the subjects of this study were 48 patients who underwent two jaw surgery, and divided in two groups. Each group were composed of 24patients, A group were operated with ideal occlusal plane and B group were not. Two groups were compared at the preoperative, immediate postoperative (average 4.3days), and long-term postoperative (average 1.3years) lateral cephalometric radiographs. The following results were obtained: 1. There was no significance in occlusal plane angulation between $T_2\;and\;T_3$. Average long term follow-up changes of occlusal Plane angle were $0.24^{\circ}{\pm}2.43$, with FH plane and $0.15{\circ}{\pm}2.16{\circ}$ with SN plane in all 48 patients. These results demonstrated that the occlusal plane after two jaw surgery in skeletal Class III malocclusion was stable. 2. There was no significance in postoperative stability of occlusal plane between A and B group. 3. There was no significance in postoperative stability of occlusal plane depending on surgeon and operative method within each group. 4. The postoperative changes of occlusal plane were correlated to the postoperative changes of jaw rather than tooth position. 5. There was no correlation between the postoperative changes of occlusal plane and maxillary impaction and mandibular setback with surgery.

• The Journal of the Korean Society for Microbiology
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.49-55
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• 1981

Recent studies have demonstrated that histamine could have a modulatory influence on the immune response in vitro and in vivo. However, the effect of histamine on immune response in mice has not been extensivley analyzed. In the present study the regulatory effects of cimetidine, a histamine-2-receptor antagonist(H2 blocker) and histamine on the immune response to sheep red blood cells(SRBC) were evaluated in mice. Mice pretreated with daily intraperitoneal injection of varying concentrations of cimetidine for 14 days were immunized intraperitoneally with various concentrations of SRBC($10^6,\;10^7,\;and\;10^8$ cells) and challenged 4 days post immunization. The cellular immune response was determined by measuring the footpad swelling reaction. Footpad swelling reaction of each mouse was measured at 3hr(Arthus) reaction) and 24 or 48 hr(delayed reactions) after challenge. The humoral immune response was determined by measuring hemagglutinins to SRBC. Histamine in varying concentrations($10^{-1},\;10^{-3}\;and\;10^{-5}M$(was added in SRBC suspension at the time of antigen challenge into footpad, and 24-hr delayed type hypersensitivity(DTH) was measured. Cimetidine in varying concentrations(10, 50, 250, 1250 and 6250${\mu}g$) enhanced 24-hr DTH and this enhancement of DTH was more pronounced at 250${\mu}g$ of cimetidine. However, there were no significant differences between the cimetidine-pretreated groups and controls in Arthus reaction and hemagglutinin titers. Histamine suppressed the DTH in the dose-dependent fashion. This suppression was more pronounced at lower concentration of immunizing antigen($10^7\;and\;10^6$ SRBC). However, histamine did not diminish the DTH at higher concentration of antigen($10^8$ SRBC). These results present the evidences which strongly suggest that cimetidine enhances the cell-mediated immune response but not significantlly influences the humoral immune response and that exogenous and endogenous histamine is involved in the modulation of cellular immune response as well as immediate hypersensitivity.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.96 no.3
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• pp.269-282
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to investigate the causes of the dramatic process in forest policies from July of 1972 to June of 1973. In 1972, the core forest problem calling for an immediate solution was the severe forest degradation such as a low growing stock ($11m^3/ha$) and lots of non-tree forest land corresponding to 12% of total forest land. There could have been various approaches to solve the problem at that time. By the end of 1972, the Korean government was afoot to choose the management-oriented approach to carry out reforestation as a part of forest management. In order to implement this approach, the Korean government established the Forest Development Law enforcing establishment of the Forest Management Corporation as a public organization to carry out forest management in the special development land. However, the Korean government changed the management-oriented approach into the administration-oriented approach to carry out reforestation as a part of forest greening in order to rehabilitate severe degraded forests as soon as possible in early 1973. The Forestry Administration (refer to Forest Service) was transferred from the Department of Agriculture and Forestry to the Department of Interior for the efficient rehabilitation in advance, before the 1st 10-year National Greening Project. After the organization's transfer, the government established the 1 st 10-year National Greening Project aiming to reforest one million ha from 1973 to 1982 to use activities like the national greening campaign and the administrative organization mobilization including police force. Reforestation policy as a part of forest management lost effect due to the greening-oriented approach choice. Moreover, the Government struggled to provide 20 billion won for the establishment of the Forest Management Corporation. After all, on March 5th of 1973, the management-oriented approach dropped a curtain deleting the clauses defining the establishment of the Forest Management Corporation. Park, Chung-hee who was the then president of Korea might have felt the 'time restriction' to lose no time to habilitate degraded forests. Due to his awareness, the approach regarding reforestation was changed into administration-oriented activities. The president's awareness was considered as an invisible cause at that time.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.107-115
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• 1968

Number of aspects, not only nutritional but social as well as political involved in human starvation pose nowadays global problems. In order to help establish the minimum nutritional requirements in the daily life of a man and to free people as well from either undernourishment, malnutrition or even starvation many workers have devoted themselves so far on the research programs to know what and how number of metabolic events take place in animals in vivo. It is the purpose of the present paper to examine in effect to what extent both of the protein and nucleic acids (DNA & RNA) together with an enzyme, guanine deaminase, which converts guanine into xanthine and in turn ends up to uric acid as an end product, undergo changes, quantitatively during acute starvation, using the mouse as an experimental animal. The mouse was strictly inhibited from taking foods except drinking water ad libitum and was sacriflced 24, 48, and 72 hours following starvation thus acutely induced. The animals consisted of two experimental groups, one control and another starvation groups, each being consisted of 6-24 mice of whose body weights ranged in the vicinity of 10 g. The animals were sacriflced by a blow on the head, followed by immediate excision of their livers into ice-cold distilled water, washing adherent blood and other contaminant tissues. The liver was minced foramin, by an all-glass homogenizer immersing it in an ice-bath, followed by subsequent fractionatin of the homogenate (10% W/V in 0.25M sucrose solution made up with 0.05M phosphate buffer of pH 7.4). For the liver protein and guanine deaminase assay, the 10% homogenate was centrifuged at 600 x g for 10 minutes to eliminate the nuclear fraction; and for the estimation of DNA and RNA, the homogenate was prepared by the addition of 10% trichloroacetic acid in order to free the homogenate from the acid-soluble fraction, the remaining residue being delipidate by the addition of alcohol and dried in vacuo for later KOH (IN) hydrolysis. The changes in body and liver wegihts during acute starvation were checked gravimetrically. Protein contents in the liver were monitored by the method of Lowry et al; and guanine deaminase activities were followed by the assay of liberated ammonia from the substrate utilizing the Caraway's colorimetry. The extraction of both DNA and RNA was performed by the Schmidt-Thannhauser's method, which was followed by Marmur's method of purification for DNA and by Chargaff's method of purification for RNA. The determinations of both DNA and RNA were carried out by the diphenylamine reaction for the former and by the orcinol reaction for the latter. The following resume was the results of the present work. 1. It was observed that the body as well as liver weights fall abruptly during starvation, and that the loss of body weight showed no statistical correlation with the decreases in the content of liver protein. 2. The content of liver protein and activity of liver guanine deaminase activity as well decline dramatically, and the specific activities of the enzyme (activity/protein), however, decreased gradually as starvation proceeded. 3. Both of the nucleic acids, DNA and RNA, showed decrements in the liver of mouse during acute starvation; the latter, however, being more striking in the decline as compared to the former. 4. The decreases in the liver protein content as resulted from the acute starvation had no statistically significant correlation with the decrements of DNA in the same tissue, but had regressed with a significant statistical correlation with the fall of RNA in the tissue. 5. The decrease in the activity of guanine deaminase in the liver of mouse during acute starvation was functionally more proportional to the decrease in RNA than DNA, and moreover correlated with the changes in the content of the liver protein. 6. The possible mechanisms involved during in this acute starvation as bring the decreases in the contents of DNA, protein, and guanine deaminase were discussed briefly.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.192-198
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• 1993

In 1984, a magnetic resonance spectrometer(magnetic resonance analyser, MRA $I_{TM}$) was developed by Sigrid Lipsett and Ronald J. Weinstock in the USA, Biomedical applications of the spectrometer have been examined by Dr. Hoang Van Duc(pathologist, USC), and Nakamura, et al(Japan). From their theoretical views, the biophysical functions of this machine are to analyse and synthesize a healthy tissue and organ resonance pattern, and to detect and correct an abnormal tissue and organ resonance pattern. All of the above functions are based on Quantum physics. The healthy tissue and organ resonance patterns are predetermined as standard magnetic resonance patterns by digitizing values based on peak resonance emissions(response levels or high pitched echo-sounds amplified via human body). In clinical practice, a counter or neutralizing resonance pattern calculated by the spectrometer can correct a phase-shifted resonance pattern(response levels or low pitched echo-sounds) of a diseased tissue and organ. By administering the counter resonance pattern into the site of pain and trigger point, it is possible to readjust the phase-shifted resonance pattern and then to alleviate pain through regulation of the neurotransmitter function of the nervous system. For assessing clinical effectiveness of pain relief with MRA $I_{TM}$ this study was designed to estimate pain intensity by the patient's subjective verbal rating scale(VRS such as graded to no pain, mild, moderate and severe) before application of it, to evaluate an amount of pain relief as applied the spectrometer by the patients subjective pain relief scale(visual analogue scale, VAS, 0~100%), and then to observe a continuation of pain relief following its application for managing acute and chronic pain in the 102 patients during an 8 months period beginning March, 1993. An application time of the spectrometer ranged from 15 to 30 minutes daily in each patient at or near the site of pain and trigger point when the patient wanted to be treated. The subjects consisted of 54 males and 48 females, with the age distribution between 23~40 years in 29 cases, 41~60 years in 48 cases and 61~76 years in 25 cases respectively(Table 1). The kinds of diagnosis and the main site of pain, the duration of pain before the application, and the frequency of it's application were recorded on the Table 2, 3 and 4. A distinction between acute and chronic pain was defined according to both of the pain intervals lasting within and over 3 months. The results of application of the spectrometer were noted as follows; In 51 cases of acute pain before the application, the pain intensities were rated mild in 10 cases, moderate in 15 cases and severe in 26 cases. The amounts of pain relief were noted as between 30~50% in 9 cases, 51~70% in 13 cases and 71~95% in 29 cases. The continuation of pain relief appeared between 6~24 hours in two cases, 2~5 days in 10 cases, 6~14 days in 4 cases, 15 days in one case, and completely relived of pain in 34 cases(Table 5~7). In 51 cases of chronic pain before the application, the pain intensities were rated mild in 12 cases, moderate in l8 cases and severe in 21 cases. The amounts of pain relief were noted as between 0~50% in 10 cases, 51~70% in 27 cases and 71~90% in 14 cases. The continuation of pain relief appeared to have no effect in two cases. The level of effective duration was between 6~12 hours in two cases, 2~5 days in 11 cases, 6~14 days in 14 cases, 15~60 days in 9 cases and in 13 cases the patient was completely relieved of pain(Table 5~7). There were no complications in the patients except a mild reddening and tingling sensation of skin while applying the spectrometer. Total amounts of pain relief in all of the subjects were accounted as poor and fair in 19(18.6%) cases, good in 40(39.2%) cases and excellent in 43(42.2%) cases. The clinical effectiveness of MRA $I_{TM}$ showed variable distributions from no improvements to complete relief of pain by the patient's assessment. In conclusion, we suggest that MRA $I_{TM}$ may be successful in immediate and continued pain relief but still requires several treatments for continued relief and may be gradually effective in pain relief while being applied repeatedly.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.360-365
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• 1999

This study was aimed to suggest to better treatment method of jaw cyst that the maximum diameter was wider than 3cm, using different treatment and clinical and radiographic result. We divided the 60 patients into three groups, group A(20 patients) were treated with cyst enucleation and Decalcified Freeze-Dried Allogeneic Bone(DFDB) graft, group B(20 patients) were treated with cyst enucleation and autogenous bone graft, group C(20 patients) were treated with only cyst enucleation. Each group was evaluated with panoramic radiograph and clinical sign & symptom at pre-op and post-op(immediate, 6, 12, 24, 36 month). Bone density was evaluated with disital densitometer. The result was as follows : 1. Post-Op infection was higher in group C(4 pts.) than in group A(1 pt.) and B(1 pt.) 2. Post-Op gingival recession was higher in group C(3 Pts.) than in group A(1 pt.) and B(1 pt.) 3. Anatomic distortion was higher in group C(3 Pt.) than in group A(1 Pt.), and B(1 pt.) 4. Reoperation was done in two patients who were in group C 5. There were donor site morbidity in two patients 6. There was no significant difference between group A and B in their bony density in their follow up period(p>0.05). 7. There were significant differences between group A, B and group C in their bony density until post-op 24 months but a little differences at post-op 36 months(P<0.01)

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.73-81
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• 2015

This study was conduct to investigate the effect of intermediate culture types on the growth and survival rate of the juvenile abalone, Haliotis discus hannai fed seaweed and artificial diet. Intermediate cultures were to determine there that was to fed seaweed (SW) of artificial diet (A) of floor culture (FC), net floor culture (NFC), double shelter culture (DSC) and indoor net cage culture (INCC) in land-based tank, in two replicate. In the growth performance of juvenile abalone reared through intermediate culture to fed SW of A, that the absolute growth rate ($AGR_{SL}$, $AGR_{SB}$), daily growth rate ($DGR_{SL}$, $DGR_{SB}$), and specific growth rate ($SGR_{SL}$, $SGR_{SB}$) to the shell length (SL) and shell breadth (SB) of experimental groups were not significant. As weight gain (WG), daily weight gain (DWG) and specific weight gain (SWG) to body weight through intermediate culture types in land-based tank was not significant. However, as to survival rate to experimental groups, A-FC was higher than those of different groups (P < 0.05). Therefore, these results is showed that was not difference to growth of juvenile abalone over 2 cm fed seaweed diet and artificial diet according to intermediate culture types. But floor culture with artificial diet indicate that was highest to survival rate, therefore, it is beneficial for higher productivity in floor culture with artificial diet among intermediate culture types.