• 생명과학회지
• /
• 제24권10호
• /
• pp.1055-1062
• /
• 2014

본 연구는 떡잎의 발달 동안 지방의 유동 및 대사와 관련된 오이 유전자들의 발현을 조사하여 유전자의 활성을 비교하고자 하였으며, 글라이옥시좀과 미토콘드리아 사이의 탄소원(아세틸 단위)의 가능한 경로를 탐색하고자 하였다. 네 곳의 세포 내 소기관인 글라이옥시좀(퍼옥시좀), 미토콘드리아, 엽록체 및 세포질에서 작동하는 중요 대사경로의 10개 유전자들이 조사되었다. 나아가 암소에서 발아한 유식물체의 발아 초기 반응과 이후 3일간 빛을 주었을 때의 반응을 조사하였다. 역전사-중합효소연쇄반응(RT-PCR)에 따르면, 유식물체의 발달 동안에 저장지방의 유동과 관련된 Thio2, ICL 및 MS 유전자는 항상 유사한 유전자 발현 양상을 나타냈다. 오이의 발아 초기에 BOU 유전자와 함께 ICL 및 MS 유전자의 공조된 발현은 퍼옥시좀과 미톤콘드리아 사이에 아세틸 단위의 2차 통로의 존재 가능성에 대한 강한 증거이다. 앞서 보고된 연구에서 보여준 BOU 활성에서처럼 BOU 유전자는 빛 의존성으로 암소에서는 세포막의 미약한 발달로 인하여 활성이 저하됨을 암시한다. 나머지의 유전자들은 떡잎이 초록색으로 발달하고 노쇠화 할 때까지 떡잎의 전 발달 기간 동안에 활성을 나타냈다. 본 연구에서는 아세틸 단위의 운반에 대한 새로운 추가적 제안으로써 지방 저장 종자의 발아와 오이 떡잎의 발달과 관련된 유전자의 발현을 통해 처음으로 확인하였다.

• 생명과학회지
• /
• 제25권9호
• /
• pp.1043-1050
• /
• 2015

신경과흥분은 신경세포의 수지돌기 말단부에 있는 흥분성 수용체에 대한 과도한 자극에 의해서 신경세포가 손상을 받는 현상으로 transcription factor의 발현을 유도하여 통증을 유발하는 자극, 학습, 발작, 흥분, 신경변성, 저산소성 국소빈혈, 뇌신경손상, 신경절제, 약제내성 등의 원인이 된다. 신경과흥분은 정상농도 이상의 NMDA에 의해서도 유발되는데 본 논문에서는 mouse의 복강으로 과량의 NMDA를 투여하여 소뇌에서 RT-PCR 방법으로 Inducible transcription factors (Egr-1, c-jun, JunB, FosB) mRNAs의 상대적 발현량을 비교하였다. NMDA를 투여한 군에서 inducible transcription factors (Egr-1, C-Jun, JunB, FosB)가 투여량과 시간의 경과에 따라 다양한 발현의 변화를 보였으며, NMDA투여 후 일정한 시간에서 투여한 양에 대한 변화는 체중 g 당 5 μg의 NMDA투여한 경우에 현저한 변화가 나타났다. 조사한 transcription factor 중에서 JunB의 발현 변화가 다른 transcription factor보다 두드러지게 나타났다. NMDA 투여량이 일정할 때 투여 후 경과 시간에 따른 발현양상은 투여 후 24시간이 경과한 후에 발현의 변화가 두드러지게 증가하는 경향을 나타내었고 대부분 이 48시간 경과 후 발현이 최고치에 도달하였다. 이러한 결과는 과흥분이 유도된 소뇌에서의 유전자 발현의 변화를 2D-gel 또는 microarray와 같은 방법을 이용하여 세포 내의 전체 단백질 혹은 유전자의 변화를 관찰함으로써 NMDA 수용체의 과흥분에 의한 뇌세포의 사멸에 관련된 기전을 밝힐 수 있는 좋은 자료가 될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 생물정신의학
• /
• 제3권2호
• /
• pp.181-190
• /
• 1996

To clarify the mechanism of action of electroconvulsive shack(ECS) in respect to molecular biology, and to detect the quantitative amount of change of c-fos gene expression after ECS in the rat's brain, the authors obtained brain specimens from the striatum, cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and cerebellum. Each brain was removed within 30min. after ECS(130V, 0.5sec) and ECS-sham. Then we performed RT-PCR. The results are 1) ECS was found to affect the expression of immediate early genes. 2) the cerebral cortex and hippocampus was more influenced by ECS thon in the cerebellum and striatum. From these results, we can suggest that ECS is related to the mechanism of cognition, mood, memory which is correlated to cerebral cortex and hippocampus.

• 한국어병학회지
• /
• 제29권1호
• /
• pp.13-23
• /
• 2016

Lectins play significant roles in the innate immune responses through binding to pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) on the surfaces of microorganisms. In the present study, tissue distribution and expression analysis of olive flounder lectins were performed after viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) challenge. Fish egg lectin and serum lectin were found to be predominantly expressed in the gills and liver, these results indicate that the transcript expression of olive flounder lectins is concentrated in immune-related tissues. Following a VHSV challenge, an overall increase in the transcript levels of the genes was observed and the expression patterns were distinctly divided into early and later responses during VHSV infection. In conclusion, olive flounder lectins are specifically expressed in immune-related organs and induced in both the immediate and long-lasting immune responses to VHSV in the olive flounder. These results indicate that lectins may be play important roles in the host defense mechanism and involved in the innate and adaptive immune response to viruses in fish.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
• /
• 제5권1호
• /
• pp.19-25
• /
• 2001

We have studied the effects of excitatory amino acids on the expression of the c-fos and c-jun mRNA in rat C6 glioma cells. The glutamate, $N-methyl-_D-aspartate$ (NMDA), and kainic acid (KA) increased c-fos mRNA level in a concentration-dependent manner. However, they did not affect c-jun mRNA level. In addition, forskolin and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) increased c-fos mRNA level. Furthermore, PMA increased c-jun mRNA level whereas forskolin downregulated c-jun mRNA level. The glutamate, NMDA and KA, at a concentration of 0.25 mM, did not affect the basal c-fos and c-jun mRNA levels, and also did not affect forskolin- and PMA-induced responses. Furthermore, both forskolin and PMA itself increased the phosphorylation of ERK (extracellular signal regulated kinase) and CREB (cyclicAMP responsible element binding protein) proteins. The KA, NMDA, and glutamate did not affect forskolin- induced increase of ERK and CREB phosphorylation. The KA decreased PMA-induced increase of phosphorylation of ERK and CREB proteins, whereas glutamate and NMDA did not affect the phosphorylation of ERK and CREB proteins induced by PMA. These findings suggest that, in C6 glioma cells, c-fos mRNA induction induced by EAAs is not mediated by phosphorylation of ERK and CREB proteins.

• 대한한방내과학회지
• /
• 제24권2호
• /
• pp.181-189
• /
• 2003

The goal of this study is to investigate whether Uncariae Ramulus et Uncus can protect nerve cells against ischemic neuronal damage is caused by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in rats' brains and to investigate whether the neuroprotective effect of Uncariae Ramulus et Uncus is concerned with IEGs(immediate early genes) expression. Uncariae Ramulus et Uncus(l00mg/kg) was administered immediately after 2 hours of MCAO and maintained for 7 days. On 7th days after 2 hours of MCAO, the brains of rats were sliced through the hippocampus. c-Fos immunohistochemistry stain and Cresyl violet stain were done for microscopic examination. Each number of viable neurons and c-Fos immunoreactive cells in CA1 was counted. The density of neurons and c-Fos immunoreactive cells were significantly decreased in MCAO-operated ischemic rats compared to that sham-operated rats. Administration of Uncariae Ramulus et Uncus group significantly elevated MCAO-induced decrease in density of neurons, and elevated MCAO-induced decrease in c-Fos immunoreactive cells. These results suggest that the neuroprotective effect of Uncariae Ramulus et Uncus against focal cerebral ischemia. Also, we hypothesized that neuroprotective mechanism of Uncariae Ramulus et Uncus is related to IEGs expression.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• 제46권5호
• /
• pp.646-656
• /
• 2022

Background: In addition to its use as a health food, ginseng is used in cosmetics and shampoo because of its extensive health benefits. The ginsenoside, Rh2, is a component of ginseng that inhibits tumor cell proliferation and differentiation, promotes insulin secretion, improves insulin sensitivity, and shows antioxidant effects. Methods: The effects of Rh2 on cell survival, extracellular matrix (ECM) protein expression, and cell differentiation were examined. The antioxidant effects of Rh2 in UV-irradiated normal human dermal fibroblast (NHDF) cells were also examined. The effects of Rh2 on mitochondrial function, morphology, and mitophagy were investigated in UV-irradiated NHDF cells. Results: Rh2 treatment promoted the proliferation of NHDF cells. Additionally, Rh2 increased the expression levels of ECM proteins and growth-associated immediate-early genes in ultraviolet (UV)-irradiated NHDF cells. Rh2 also affected antioxidant protein expression and increased total antioxidant capacity. Furthermore, treatment with Rh2 ameliorated the changes in mitochondrial morphology, induced the recovery of mitochondrial function, and inhibited the initiation of mitophagy in UV-irradiated NHDF cells. Conclusion: Rh2 inhibits mitophagy and reinstates mitochondrial ATP production and membrane potential in NHDF cells damaged by UV exposure, leading to the recovery of ECM, cell proliferation, and antioxidant capacity.

• 생물정신의학
• /
• 제8권1호
• /
• pp.85-95
• /
• 2001

This study was designed to examine the effects of two antidepressant drugs on the expression of c-fos mRNA in cultured embryonic rat hippocampal neurons. The drugs used were imipramine and amitriptyline. On the fourth day of culture, hippocampal neurons were treated with variable concentrations of each drug. Competitive RT-PCR(Reverse Transcriptase-PCR) analysis was used to quantify the c-fos mRNA expression induced by each drug. Experimental results showed that acute and direct treatment with imipramine and amitriptyline with relatively low concentrations(imipramine ${\leq}10{\mu}M$, amitriptylne ${\leq}10{\mu}M$) had no inductive effect on the expression of c-fos mRNA in the rat hippocampal neurons. However, after treatment with relatively high concentrations(imipramine ${\geq}100{\mu}M$, amitriptyline ${\geq}100{\mu}M$) c-fos mRNA was not detected. These findings suggest the followings. Firstly, the action mechanisms of these drugs on the hippocampal neurons might not be mediated by c-fos but by other immediate-early genes(IEGs). Secondly, their actions may be mediated indirectly via other areas of the brain. Thirdly, the expression of c-fos might be inhibited by high concentrations of these drugs, or the high concentrations could induce cell death. Finally, though cell death remains to be confirmed, the inhibition of c-fos induction or cell death could play a role in the cognitive impairments known to be adverse effects of some antidepressants. This study is believed to be a first step toward understanding the mechanisms of learning and memory. Further studies are needed to investigate the expression of various IEGs and changes in the hippocampal neurons of rat resulting from chronic treatment with antidepressant drugs.

• 사상체질의학회지
• /
• 제11권2호
• /
• pp.283-299
• /
• 1999

1. 연구목적 kainic acid를 실험동물에 주입할 경우 간질발작을 일으키고 변연계 특히 해마체 부위에서 조직의 손상이 일어나게 되는데 이는 사람에 있어 측두엽성 간질에서 보이는 구조적 변화와 유사한 것이다. 본 실험은 신경독성 물질인 kainic acid로 마우스의 해마체에 손상을 유발하고 이 경우에 열다한소탕이 신경보호효과가 있는지의 여부를 알고자한 것이다. 2. 연구방법 kainic acid를 경구투여하고 열다한소탕을 3주일간 복용시키면서 각각 1, 2, 3일과 1주, 3주에 조직을 관찰하였다. 조직손상은 해마체의 CA1, CA3과 thalamus, amygdala 등에서 c-fos 와 DNA fragmentation의 출현 율로 지표를 삼았으며 광학현미경하에서 육안적 관찰을 병행하였다. 3. 결과 및 결론 kainic acid만을 투여한 대조 군에서는 실험 3주째에도 손상지표인 c-fos 와 DNA fragmentation이 발견되었으나 열다한소탕을 투여한 실험 군에서는 실험 약 3일 째부터 손상지표의 발현이 줄어 7일째에는 나타나지 않음을 알 수 있었다. 또한 현미경 하의 육안적 관찰에서도 실험초기 많은 손상을 보였던 신경세포가 2주일 후 어느 정도 회복되는 것을 볼 수 있었다. 이로써 열다한소탕이 kainic acid로 유발된 실험동물의 해마체손상에 대하여 신경세포 보호 효과 및 손상 억제 효과가 있음을 알 수 있었다.