• Korean Journal of Digital Imaging in Medicine
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.1-6
• /
• 2012

This round of tests in patients with UGI and Esophagography data collected by national and international reference levels based on the original set of guidelines and fluoroscopy, through the provision of medical radiation exposure reduction and further optimization of Defense to realize that is intended. 359 names in our hospital underwent Esophagography 302 patients who underwent UGI average fluoroscopy time and number of images to calculate the average 21 cm Acryl phantom dose for 10 seconds and 20 seconds, average area dose and the area dose of 1 spot image, 5 spot consecutive images by measuring the patient dose and third quartile of the mean area dose was set seonryangin reference dose. Esophagography average patient dose was set to 30.05 $Gy{\cdot}cm^2$, DRL was set at a 25.37 $Gy{\cdot}cm^2$. Average dose of UGI patients were selected as 45.33 $Gy{\cdot}cm^2$, DRL was set at a 34 $Gy{\cdot}cm^2$. UGI patients with established average dose recommended in the 2008 national recommendation from the UGI examination with a dose of less than 49.7 $Gy{\cdot}cm^2$ seonryangin is evaluated. This Note examines the dose of self-aware through education recognizes the importance of dose reduction and examine if their efforts and further reduce patient dose could achieve optimization of the medical exposure is considered.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.56-64
• /
• 2015

To revise the clinical guideline for childhood urinary tract infections (UTIs) of the Korean Society of Pediatric Nephrology (2007), the recently updated guidelines and new data were reviewed. The major revisions are as follows. In diagnosis, the criterion for a positive culture of the catheterized or suprapubic aspirated urine is reduced to 50,000 colony forming uits (CFUs)/mL from 100,000 CFU/mL. Diagnosis is more confirmatory if the urinalysis is abnormal. In treating febrile UTI and pyelonephritis, oral antibiotics is considered to be as effective as parenteral antibiotics. In urologic imaging studies, the traditional aggressive approach to find primary vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) and renal scar is shifted to the targeted restrictive approach. A voiding cystourethrography is not routinely recommended and is indicated only in atypical or complex clinical conditions, abnormal ultrasonography and recurrent UTIs. $^{99m}Tc$-DMSA renal scan is valuable in diagnosing pyelonephritis in children with negative culture or normal RBUS. Although it is not routinely recommended, normal scan can safely avoid VCUG. In prevention, a more natural approach is preferred. Antimicrobial prophylaxis is not supported any more even in children with VUR. Topical steroid (2-4 weeks) to non-retractile physiologic phimosis or labial adhesion is a reasonable first-line treatment. Urogenital hygiene is important and must be adequately performed. Breast milk, probiotics and cranberries are dietary factors to prevent UTIs. Voiding dysfunction and constipation should be properly treated and prevented by initiating toilet training at an appropriate age (18-24 months). The follow-up urine test on subsequent unexplained febrile illness is strongly recommended. Changes of this revision is not exclusive and appropriate variation still may be accepted.

• Korean Journal of Digital Imaging in Medicine
• /
• v.11 no.2
• /
• pp.69-77
• /
• 2009

This study gives an account of the collateral standards in IEC 60601-1-3: 2008 specifying the general requirements for basic safety and essential performance of diagnostic X-ray equipment regarding radiation protection as it pertains to the production of X-rays. The collateral standards establish general requirements for safety regarding ionization radiation in diagnostic radiation systems and describe a verifiable evaluation method of suitable requirements regarding control over the lowest possible dose equivalent for patients, radiologic technologists, and others. The particular standards for each equipment can be determined by the general requirements in the collateral standard and the particular standard is followed in the risk management file. The guidelines for radiation safety of diagnostic radiation systems is written up in ISO 13485, ISO 14971, IEC 60601-1-3(2002)1st edition, medical electric equipment part 1-3, and the general requirements for safety-collateral standards: programmable electrical medical systems. Therefore the diagnostic radiation system protects citizens' health rights with the establishment and revisions of laws and standards for diagnostic radiation systems as a background for the general requirements of radiation safe guards applies, as an international trend, standards regarding the medical radiation safety management. The diagnostic radiation system will also assure competitive power through a conforming evaluation unifying the differing standards, technical specifications, and recognized processes.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
• /
• v.27 no.3
• /
• pp.63-70
• /
• 2014

Purpose: In children, mild traumatic brain injuries (TBI) account for 70~90% of head injuries. Without guidelines, many of these children may be exposed to excess radiation due to unnecessary imaging. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of a mild TBI guideline in imaging of pediatric patients. Methods: The medical records of all children who had head computed tomography and were admitted to our hospital with a TBI with Pediatric Glasgow Coma Scale and Glasgow Coma Scale of 14 to 15 were retrospectively reviewed and compared with PECARN Rule. Results: A total of 1260 children were included and all children checked with head computed tomography. 61 pediatrics had CT positive and presented skull fracture 40, hemorrhage 8, hemorrhagic contusion 7, and diffuse axonal injury 1. Also, 4 patients diagnosed both skull fracture and brain haemorrhage and 1 patient diagnosed both haemorrhage and haemorrhagic contusion. Conclusion: There are many pediatric traumatic patients who exposed to radiation due to CT. But, the most of results were negative. So, consider to follow the CT guideline for children and many do not require brain CT.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
• /
• v.81 no.5
• /
• pp.1083-1095
• /
• 2020

Since 2019, ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging for evaluation of urogenital disorders have been covered by the National Health Insurance (NHI) in Korea. Patients with urogenital malignancies were already insured by NHI for ultrasound and MRI. With the expansion of NHI coverage, patients with suspected prostate or gynecologic cancer, uterine fibroids before myomectomy and some other benign disease such as congenital anomaly can receive benefits of NHI. In consideration of these changes, radiologists and other clinicians should be aware of the indications and standard images of each examination and the required reporting forms. Clinical application based upon thorough understanding of the NHI guidelines will aid in improving the standard care of patients.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
• /
• v.20 no.4
• /
• pp.609-620
• /
• 2019

Minimally invasive treatment of symptomatic thyroid nodules is now commonplace. Ethanol ablation (EA) of thyroid cystic nodules has been performed since the 1990s, but there is no global consensus or guideline. Although various limitations of EA have been described, recommendations for practical application are necessary. Therefore, the Task Force Committee of the Korean Society of Thyroid Radiology initiated the present consensus statement and here we provide recommendations for the role of EA in the management of symptomatic thyroid nodules. These recommendations are based on evidence to date from the literature and expert opinion.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
• /
• v.29 no.1
• /
• pp.28-32
• /
• 2016

Blunt traumatic vertebral artery injury (TVAI) is relatively rare, but it may frequently be associated with head and neck trauma. TVAI is difficult to diagnose with diverse outcomes, thus it is a clinical challenge. There are no widely accepted guidelines for treatment and diagnosis, so that the diagnosis of TVAI can be easily delayed. Therefore, any clinical suspicion from clues on the initial imaging is important for diagnosis of TVAI. The authors report on the case of a patient diagnosed as having a TVAI with a transverse foramen fracture.

• Progress in Superconductivity and Cryogenics
• /
• v.17 no.2
• /
• pp.31-35
• /
• 2015

Mapping is a useful tool in the magnetic field analysis and design. In some specific research area, such as the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) or the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), it is important to map the magnetic field in the interesting space with high accuracy. In this paper, an indirect mapping method in the center volume of an air-core solenoid is presented, based on the solution of the Laplace's equation for the field. Through the mathematical analysis on the mapping calculation, we know that the condition number of the matrix, generated by the measurement points, can greatly affect the error of mapping result. Two different arrangement methods of the measurement points in field mapping are described in this paper: helical cylindrical line (HCL) method and parallel cylindrical line (PCL) method. According to the condition number, the HCL method is recommended to measure the field components using one probe. As a simple example, we mapped the magnetic fields in a MRI main magnet system. Comparing the results in the different methods, it is feasible and convenient to apply the condition number to reduce the error in the field mapping calculation. Finally, some guidelines were presented for the magnetic field mapping in the center volume of the air-core solenoid.

• Journal of ILASS-Korea
• /
• v.19 no.4
• /
• pp.188-196
• /
• 2014

The spray and combustion characteristics of n-dodecane fuel were investigated in a CVCC (constant volume combustion chamber). The selection of ambient conditions for the spray followed ECN (engine combustion network) guidelines, which simulates the ambient condition of diesel engines at start of fuel injection. ECN is a collaboration network whose main objective is to establish an internet library of well-documented experiments that are appropriate for model validation and the advancement of scientific understanding of combustion at conditions specific to engines. Therefore repeatability of the experiments with high accuracy was important. The ambient temperature was varied from 750 to 930 K while the density was fixed at around $23kg/m^3$. The injection pressure of the fuel was varied from 500 to 1500 bar. The spray was injected in both non-reacting ($O_2$ concentration of 0%) and reacting conditions ($O_2$ concentration of 15%) to examine the spray and the combustion characteristics. Direct imaging with Mie Scattering was used to obtain the liquid penetration length. Shadowgraph was implemented to observe vapor length and lift-off length at non-reacting and reacting conditions, respectively. Pressure data was analyzed to determine the ignition delay with respect to the spray and ambient conditions.

• Smart Structures and Systems
• /
• v.13 no.6
• /
• pp.901-925
• /
• 2014

The reliability of a Bridge management System depends on the quality of visual inspection and the reliable estimation of bridge condition rating. However, the current practices of visual inspection have been identified with several limitations, such as: they are time-consuming, provide incomplete information, and their reliance on inspectors' experience. To overcome such limitations, this paper presents an approach of automating the prediction of condition rating for bridges based on digital image analysis. The proposed methodology encompasses image acquisition, development of 3D visualization model, image processing, and condition rating model. Under this method, scaling defect in concrete bridge components is considered as a candidate defect and the guidelines in the Ontario Structure Inspection Manual (OSIM) have been adopted for developing and testing the proposed method. The automated algorithms for scaling depth prediction and mapping of condition ratings are based on training of back propagation neural networks. The result of developed models showed better prediction capability of condition rating over the existing methods such as, Naïve Bayes Classifiers and Bagged Decision Tree.