• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.169-176
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• 2012

Frameless method in brain radiosurgery has advantages relative to rigid head-frame method in terms of patient friendly and flexible application of multi-fractionation. However, it has also disadvantages and the most negative point is that it cannot control the patient motion during treatment as lowly as the level of the frame-based radiosurgery, which could affect to the treatment accuracy. In the present study, we analyzed the geometric uncertainty of the intra-fraction motion using the actual treatment records of 294-CyberKnife treatments for brain tumors. Based on the analysis, we statistically presented the magnitude of intra-fraction motion in frameless radiosurgy. The result could provide the quantitative information to determine the adequate treatment margins to compensate the intra-fraction movements.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.65 no.6
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• pp.517-521
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• 2008

A tuberculous psoas abscess is a frequently described complication of tuberculous spondylitis. Although rare, a tuberculous psoas abscess can develop without any demonstrable spinal involvement. In patients with no evidence of sponylitis, the abscess may result from direct spread from the involved lymph node or via a hematogeous route. The treatment of a psoas abscess is either drug therapy or surgical intervention in conjunction with drug therapy. Image-guided percutaneous drainage in conjunction with drug therapy is also a safe and effective treatment for a tuberculous psoas abscess. We report an unusual case of bilateral tuberculous psoas abscesses without any concomitant spinal involvement. The tuberculous psoas abscess may have formed by fistulization between the necrotic lymph node and psoas sheath. The diagnosis was confirmed by computed tomography and a histology examination of the biopsy sample. The patient improved after administering anti-tuberculous agents for 2 years along with surgical and percutaneous drainage of the abscess.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.sup3
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• pp.81-85
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• 2016

Globally, the burden of breast cancer (BC) continues to increase. BC related lymphedema (BCRL) is currently non curable and as a life time risk it affects at least 25% of BC patients. Knowing more about BCRL and appropriate control of its modifiable risk factors can improve quality of life (QOL) of the affected patients. In this case control study to detect factors, 400 women with BCRL (as the case group) and 283 patients with BC without lymphedema (as the control group) that were referred to Shiraz University of Medical Sciences affiliated BC clinic center were assessed. The data were analyzed in SPSS. The mean age of the case group was $52.3{\pm}11.0years$ and of the control group was $50.1{\pm}10.9years$. In patients with BCRL, 203(50.7%) had left (Lt) side BC and in non- lymphedema group 151 (53.3%) had Lt side BC. Out of all BCRL patients, 204 (51%) had lymphedema in all parts of their affected upper extremities, 100 (25%) had swelling in the arm and forearm and 23 (5.7%) had edema in both the upper extremity and trunk. Edema, heaviness, concern about changing body image, pain and paresthesia were the most common signs/symptoms among patients with BCRL. In BCRL patients, the difference of circumference between the affected upper limb and non-affected limb was $4.4{\pm}2.5cm$ and the difference in volume displacement was $528.7{\pm}374.4milliliters$. Multiple variable analysis showed that moderate to severe activity (OR; odds ratio =14, 95% CI :2.6-73.3), invasiveness of BC (OR =13.7, 95% CI :7.3-25.6), modified radical mastectomy (OR=4.3, 95% CI :2.3-7.9), BMI =>25 (OR=4.2, 95% CI :2-8.7), radiotherapy (OR=3.9, 95% CI :1.8-8.2), past history of limb damage (OR=1.7, 95% CI :0.9-3.1) and the number of excised lymph nodes (OR=1.06, 95% CI :1.02-1.09) were the significant predictors of lymphedema in women with BC. Modifiable risk factors of BCRL such as non-guided moderate to severe physical activity, high BMI and trauma to the limb should be controlled as early as possible in BC patients to prevent development of BCRL and improve QOL of these patients.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.142-149
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to evaluate histomorphometrically a toothash - plaster of Paris mixture associated with collagen membrane ($Bio-Gide^{(R)}$), regarding new bone formation in the peri-implantitis defects in dogs. Three mandibular molars were removed from 1-year-old mongrel dogs. After 2 months of healing, 2 titanium implants with sandblasted with large grit and acid etched (SLA) surface were installed in each side of the mandible. Experimental peri-implantitis was induced with ligatures after successful osseointegration. Ligatures were removed after identification of bone defect beneath the level of 5th thread of fixture on radiographic image. The mucoperiosteal flaps were elevated and the contaminated fixtures were treated with chlorhexidine and saline. The bone defects were assigned to one of the following treatments: no guided bone regeneration (GBR) procedure (group 1), GBR with Bio-$Oss^{(R)}$ and Bio-$Gide^{(R)}$ (group 2), or GBR with toothash - plaster of Paris mixture (TPM) and Bio-$Gide^{(R)}$ (group 3). The dogs were sacrificed after 8 or 16 months. The mean percentages of new bone formation within the limits of the 5 most coronal threads were $17.83{\pm}10.69$ (8 weeks) and $20.13{\pm}13.65$ (16 weeks) in group 1, $34.25{\pm}13.32$ (8 weeks) and $36.33{\pm}14.21$ (16 weeks) in group 2, and $46.33{\pm}18.39$ (8 weeks) and $48.00{\pm}17.78$ (16 weeks) in group 3, respectively. The present study confirmed statistically considerable new bone formation within the threads in group 3 compared with group 1 at 8 and 16 weeks (P<0.05). Although, data analysis did not reveal significant differences between group 2 and 3, the latter showed better results during the period of 8 or 16 weeks. Our findings support the effectiveness of TPM as a GBR material in the treatment of peri-implantitis bone defect.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.517-524
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• 2003

There have been worldwide research and development efforts to automate various processes of bio-production and those efforts will be expanded with priority given to tasks which require high intensive labor or produce high value-added product and tasks under hostile environment. In the field of bio-production capabilities of the versatility and robustness of automated system have been major bottlenecks along with economical efficiency. This paper introduces a new concept of automation based on tole-operation, which can provide solutions to overcome inherent difficulties in automating bio-production processes. Operator(farmer), computer, and automatic machinery share their roles utilizing their maximum merits to accomplish given tasks successfully. Among processes of greenhouse watermelon cultivation tasks such as pruning, watering, pesticide application, and harvest with loading were chosen based on the required labor intensiveness and functional similarities to realize the proposed concept. The developed system was composed of 5 major hardware modules such as wireless remote monitoring and task control module, wireless remote image acquisition and data transmission module, gantry system equipped with 4 d.o.f. Cartesian type robotic manipulator, exchangeable modular type end-effectors, and guided watermelon loading and storage module. The system was operated through the graphic user interface using touch screen monitor and wireless data communication among operator, computer, and machine. The proposed system showed practical and feasible way of automation in the field of volatile bio-production process.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.204-211
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• 2012

Purpose: This study was performed to establish an experimental rabbit model for single-stage maxillary sinus augmentation with simultaneous implant placement. Methods: Twelve mature New Zealand white rabbits were used for the experiments. The rabbit maxillary sinuses were divided into 3 groups according to sinus augmentation materials: blood clot (BC), autogenous bone (AB), and bovine-derived hydroxyapatite (BHA). Small titanium implants were simultaneously placed in the animals during the sinus augmentation procedure. The rabbits were sacrificed 4 and 8 weeks after surgery and were observed histologically. Histomorphometric analyses using image analysis software were also performed to evaluate the parameters related to bone regeneration and implant-bone integration. Results: The BC group showed an evident collapse of the sinus membrane and limited new bone formation around the original sinus floor at 4 and 8 weeks. In the AB group, the sinus membrane was well retained above the implant apex, and new bone formation was significant at both examination periods. The BHA group also showed retention of the elevated sinus membrane above the screw apex and evident new bone formation at both points in time. The total area of the mineral component (TMA) in the area of interest and the bone-to-implant contact did not show any significant differences among all the groups. In the AB group, the TMA had significantly decreased from 4 to 8 weeks. Conclusions: Within the limits of this study, the rabbit sinus model showed satisfactory results in the comparison of different grafting conditions in single-stage sinus floor elevation with simultaneous implant placement. We found that the rabbit model was useful for maxillary sinus augmentation with simultaneous implant placement.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.179-185
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• 2004

To deal with tumor motion from respiration is one of the important issues for the advanced treatment techniques, such as the intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), the image guided radiation therapy (IGRT), the three dimensional conformal therapy (3D-CRT) and the Cyber Knife. Studies including the active breath control (ABC) and the gated radiation therapy have been reported. Authors have developed the device for reducing the respiration effects and the diaphragm motions with this device were observed to determined the effectiveness of the device. The device consists of four belts to immobilize diaphragm motion and the vacuum cushion. Diaphragm motions without and with device were monitored fluoroscopically. Diaphragm motion ranges were found to be 1.14 ～ 3.14 cm (average 2.14 cm) without the device and 0.72～1.95 cm (average 1.16 cm) with the device. The motion ranges were decreased 20 ～ 68.4% (average 44.9%.) However, the respiration cycle was increased from 4.4 seconds to 3.7 seconds. The CTV-PTV margin could be decreased significantly with the device developed in this study, which may be applied to the treatments of the tumor sited diaphragm region.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.379-386
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• 2010

This study evaluated the motion of tumors during the entire period of therapy and the accuracy of radiosurgery among forty eight lung tumor patients who were underwent radiosurgery using the CyberKnife Synchrony Respiratory Tracking System. The motion of lung tumor was measured by the coordinates of a gold acupuncture needle inserted into the tumor or the area around the tumor using the CyberKnife image guided system. Then the accuracy of radiosurgery was evaluated based on the error of correlation computed with the motion tracking system. The lung tumor motion is Cranio-Caudal direction by an average of $2.63{\pm}1.87\;mm$, moved left-right direction by $1.13{\pm}0.71\;mm$, and anterior-posterior direction by $1.74{\pm}1.16\;mm$. The degree of rotational movement was $1.66{\pm}1.66^{\circ}$ on X axis, $1.20{\pm}0.97^{\circ}$ on Y axis, and $1.18{\pm}0.73^{\circ}$ on Z axis. The vector of translation movement was measured to be $3.78{\pm}2.00\;mm$ on the average. The results show that directions of Cranio-Caudal(p < 0.001), anterior-posterior direction(p < 0.029), and three dimensional vector value(p < 0.002) showed statistical significance, because the lower side of tumor showed more intensive movement compared to the upper side of tumor. The radiosurgery was carried out by compensating the motion of tumor after accurate investigation of the correlation error with the average of $0.95{\pm}0.62\;mm$ during the lung tumor radiosurgery with the CyberKnife Synchrony Respiratory Tracking System.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• v.22 no.7
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• pp.1054-1065
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• 2021

Objective: We implemented a novel resectable myocardial model for mock myectomy using a hybrid method of three-dimensional (3D) printing and silicone molding for patients with apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (ApHCM). Materials and Methods: From January 2019 through May 2020, 3D models from three patients with ApHCM were generated using the end-diastolic cardiac CT phase image. After computer-aided designing of measures to prevent structural deformation during silicone injection into molding, 3D printing was performed to reproduce anatomic details and molds for the left ventricular (LV) myocardial mass. We compared the myocardial thickness of each cardiac segment and the LV myocardial mass and cavity volumes between the myocardial model images and cardiac CT images. The surgeon performed mock surgery, and we compared the volume and weight of the resected silicone and myocardium. Results: During the mock surgery, the surgeon could determine an ideal site for the incision and the optimal extent of myocardial resection. The mean differences in the measured myocardial thickness of the model (0.3, 1.0, 6.9, and 7.3 mm in the basal, midventricular, apical segments, and apex, respectively) and volume of the LV myocardial mass and chamber (36.9 mL and 14.8 mL, 2.9 mL and -9.4 mL, and 6.0 mL and -3.0 mL in basal, mid-ventricular and apical segments, respectively) were consistent with cardiac CT. The volume and weight of the resected silicone were similar to those of the resected myocardium (6 mL [6.2 g] of silicone and 5 mL [5.3 g] of the myocardium in patient 2; 12 mL [12.5 g] of silicone and 11.2 mL [11.8 g] of the myocardium in patient 3). Conclusion: Our 3D model created using hybrid 3D printing and silicone molding may be useful for determining the extent of surgery and planning surgery guided by a rehearsal platform for ApHCM.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.263-280
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• 2021

Percutaneous transthoracic needle biopsy (PTNB) is one of the essential diagnostic procedures for pulmonary lesions. Its role is increasing in the era of CT screening for lung cancer and precision medicine. The Korean Society of Thoracic Radiology developed the first evidence-based clinical guideline for PTNB in Korea by adapting pre-existing guidelines. The guideline provides 39 recommendations for the following four main domains of 12 key questions: the indications for PTNB, pre-procedural evaluation, procedural technique of PTNB and its accuracy, and management of post-biopsy complications. We hope that these recommendations can improve the diagnostic accuracy and safety of PTNB in clinical practice and promote standardization of the procedure nationwide.