• Journal of Digestive Cancer Research
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.56-64
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• 2022

Narrow-band imaging (NBI) is the most widely used image-enhanced endoscopic technique. The superficial microanatomy of gastric mucosa can be visualized when used with a magnifying endoscopy with narrow-band imaging (ME-NBI). The diagnostic criteria for early gastric cancer (EGC), using the classification system for microvascular and microsurface pattern of ME-NBI, have been developed, and their usefulness has been proven in the differential diagnosis of small depressed cancer from focal gastritis and in lateral extent delineation of EGC. Some studies reported on the prediction of histologic differentiation and invasion depth of gastric cancer using ME-NBI; however, its application is limited in clinical practice, and further well-designed studies are necessary. Clinicians should understand the ME-NBI classification system and acquire appropriate diagnostic skills through various experiences and training to improve the quality of endoscopy for EGC diagnosis.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.335-343
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• 2010

This article presents a review of technologies for an endoscope. The classification according to the clinical applications and the imaging modalities are summarized. The major parts are focused on describing the gastrointestinal endoscope's structures and mechanisms. The details of the image enhanced endoscopic techniques, such as NBI (narrow band imaging), OCT (optical coherence tomography), and EUS (endoscopic ultrasound), are also explained. Finally, the trend of NOTES (natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery) which is new fusion technology in the field of endoscopic diagnosis and surgery is introduced.

• 대한기관식도과학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.45-48
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• 2012

Background Neoplastic vessels tend to proliferate on the surface of malignant lesions in the aerodigestive tract. So, superficial malignant lesions can be detected earlier by enhancing mucosal vascular clarity. To enhance mucosal vascular clarity on endoscopic image, we developed an image processing algorithm of RGB (red-green-blue) channel substitution image (CSI). Methods Each pixel in original white light image (WLI) has its own value of red, green and blue channel. Various combinations of RGB channel substitution was tried on original WLI. Results To make superficial blood vessels darker than brighter background mucosa, in the CSI algorithm, RGB value in each pixel of WLI is substituted; red value to green one, green value to blue one. There was a good contrast between superficial mucosal vessels and background brighter mucosa in the CSI image. Conclusion By RGB CSI algorithm, WLI could be successfully converted to new images with enhanced mucosal vascular clarity. Using RGB CSI algorithm could provide added vascular visibility on original WLI.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.142-154
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• 2021

Purpose: Screening image-enhanced endoscopy for gastrointestinal malignant lesions has progressed. However, the influence of the color enhancement settings for the laser endoscopic system on the visibility of lesions with higher color contrast than their surrounding mucosa has not been established. Materials and Methods: Forty early gastric cancers were retrospectively evaluated using color enhancement settings C1 and C2 for laser endoscopic systems with blue laser imaging (BLI), BLI-bright, and linked color imaging (LCI). The visibilities of the malignant lesions in the stomach with the C1 and C2 color enhancements were scored by expert and non-expert endoscopists and compared, and the color differences between the malignant lesions and the surrounding mucosa were assessed. Results: Early gastric cancers mainly appeared orange-red on LCI and brown on BLI-bright or BLI. The surrounding mucosae were purple on LCI regardless of the color enhancement but brown or pale green with C1 enhancement and dark green with C2 enhancement on BLI-bright or BLI. The mean visibility scores for BLI-bright, BLI, and LCI with C2 enhancement were significantly higher than those with C1 enhancement. The superiority of the C2 enhancement was not demonstrated in the assessments by non-experts, but it was significant for experts using all modes. The C2 color enhancement produced a significantly greater color difference between the malignant lesions and the surrounding mucosa, especially with the use of BLI-bright (P=0.033) and BLI (P<0.001). C2 enhancement tended to be superior regardless of the morphological type, Helicobacter pylori status, or the extension of intestinal metaplasia around the cancer. Conclusions: Appropriate color enhancement settings improve the visibility of malignant lesions in the stomach and color contrast between the malignant lesions and the surrounding mucosa.

• 전자공학회논문지
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• 제53권12호
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• pp.175-179
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• 2016

최근 의료 영상 기술의 발전은 진단, 수술계획, 또는 교육에 도움이 되는 수술 시뮬레이션을 만들어 왔다. 개선된 고화질 영상과 3차원 시각화는 의료 영상 가용성을 향상시키고 수술, 교육 분야에서 더 잘 이용할 수 있게 되었다. 실제 인간의 시각은 입체이다. 따라서, 외과의사의 판단을 통해 2차원 영상을 스테레오로 재구성하여 처리하는 것이 함께 필요하다. 이러한 과정을 줄이기 위해, 3차원 (3D) 이미지가 사용되어 왔다. 3D 영상은 복잡한 상황에서 외과 의사가 매우 짧은 시간에 판단할 수 있도록 3D 시각화를 강화하여 제공한다. 3D 화상 데이터 세트에 기초하여, 가상 내시경 수술 계획, 실시간 상호 작용 가상 의료 시뮬레이션이 가능하게 되었다. 본 논문은 새로운 이미징 기술의 최근 응용 프로그램을 설명하고 이의 기본과 특별히 주목할만한 의료 3D 복원 기술에 관한 것이다. 최근 CT, MR 및 기타 영상 양식의 기술발전은 흥미로운 새로운 솔루션과 어깨 영상의 활용 가능성을 넓혀왔다. 특히, 의료 기기에서 파생 된 3차원 (3D) 이미지는 고급 정보를 제공한다. 이 프레젠테이션은 어깨와 팔꿈치의 수술실습에서 원리, 3D 영상기술의 잠재적 응용가능성, 시뮬레이션, 3D프린팅을 설명한다.

• Journal of Digestive Cancer Reports
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.1-50
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• 2020

Although surgery was the standard treatment for early gastrointestinal cancers, endoscopic resection is now a standard treatment for early gastrointestinal cancers without regional lymph node metastasis. High-definition white light endoscopy, chromoendoscopy, and image-enhanced endoscopy such as narrow band imaging are performed to assess the edge and depth of early gastrointestinal cancers for delineation of resection boundaries and prediction of the possibility of lymph node metastasis before the decision of endoscopic resection. Endoscopic mucosal resection and/or endoscopic submucosal dissection can be performed to remove early gastrointestinal cancers completely by en bloc fashion. Histopathological evaluation should be carefully made to investigate the presence of risk factors for lymph node metastasis such as depth of cancer invasion and lymphovascular invasion. Additional treatment such as radical surgery with regional lymphadenectomy should be considered if the endoscopically resected specimen shows risk factors for lymph node metastasis. This is the first Korean clinical practice guideline for endoscopic resection of early gastrointestinal cancer. This guideline was developed by using mainly de novo methods and encompasses endoscopic management of superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, early gastric cancer, and early colorectal cancer. This guideline will be revised as new data on early gastrointestinal cancer are collected.