• 한국자기공명학회논문지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.25-36
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• 2003

The performance of radio frequency (RF) coils, used in MRI units, is determined by the image uniformity and the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Birdcage and surface coils are commonly used. A birdcage coil provides a good image uniformity while a surface coil produces a high SNR. In this study, therefore, a staircase coil was designed from a standard version of a birdcage coil, with some structural changes to increase SNR while maintaining image uniformity. In phantom experiments, the improvement of the image to uniformity and the SNR increase of the staircase coil compared with the values for the birdcage coil were about 3.5% and 35%, respectively. In clinical experiment, the SNR increase of the staircase coil, compared with the value for the birdcage coil was about 40% in bone, muscle and blood-vessel tissues. These results show that the performance of the staircase coil was very improved over the standard birdcage coil in terms of SNR, and that image uniformity was maintained. Therefore, the staircase coil designed by this study should be useful in experimental and clinical l.5T MRI systems, and this coil offers an alternative method of quadrature detection.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.67-74
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• 2018

In this paper, we propose an efficient scene based non-uniformity correction algorithm which performs the offset correction using the uniform obtained from input scenes for Infrared camera. In general, pixel outputs of a infrared detector can not be uniform. Therefore, the non-uniformity correction procedure need to be performed to make the image outputs uniform. A typical non-uniformity correction method uses a black body at the laboratory to obtain the output of the infrared detector's pixels for two temperatures, HOT and COLD, and calculates the non-uniformity correction parameters. However, output characteristics of the Infrared detector changes while the Infrared camera is operated, the fixed pattern noise of the Infrared detector and dead pixels are generated. To remove the noise, the offset correction is generally performed. The offset correction procedure usually need the additional device such as a thermo-electric cooler, shutter, or non-uniformity correction lens. Therefore, we introduce a general scene based non-uniformity correction technique without additional equipment, and then we propose an improved non-uniformity correction algorithm based on image to solve the problem of the existing technique.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.59-70
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• 2001

White uniformity is one of the important inspection factors determining the image quality of CRT screen. In the full white pattern, white uniformity means the degree of uniform distribution of white color across the whole screen. To elicit the sensitivity factors affecting the decision of the white uniformity quality, experiments in which participants were confronted with 6 evaluation points embedded in 3 measurement groups on a CRT screen were conducted to gather the psychophysical data that are the level of white uniformity subjects perceived and CA100 produced. These data were used to develop a modified CIE1976 equation for calculating white uniformity. Performance comparison between the original CIE1976 equation and the modified equation was conducted in terms of accuracy test and magnitude estimation. It was concluded the modified equation is more sensitive in the change of white uniformity, compared to the original CIE1976 equation.

• 방송공학회논문지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.207-213
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• 2017

다수의 조명을 이용한 멀티스펙트럴 이미징을 정확히 수행하기 위해서는 영상 내 조명의 세기가 균일해야 한다. 멀티스펙트럴 이미징이 아니더라도 정확한 색 정보가 필요한 영상 획득에서는 조명이 정확해야 하고, 정확한 조명 특성을 위해 평면 광원을 사용하거나 조명 캘리브레이션을 수행한다. 본 논문에서는 조명의 세기가 균일하지 않은 영상을 조명의 세기가 균일하도록 색상을 보정하는 방법을 제안한다. 우선 비균일 조명에서 얻은 두 영상으로 멀티스펙트럴 이미징을 수행하여 반사 스펙트럼을 획득하고 획득한 반사 스펙트럼을 형광등이나 태양광과 같은 평면광에서 획득한 영상의 조명 특성으로 재조명한다. 재조명으로 얻은 영상과 평면광 영상의 조도 분포의 차이를 이용해서 비균일 조명 영상을 균일한 영상에서 획득한 영상처럼 색상 보정을 수행한다. 실험 결과로 조명의 비균일성이 균일하게 보정되었는지 확인하고, 이 결과를 통해 영상의 색 정보를 취득하는 데 조명의 제약사항을 줄일 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.213-218
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• 2013

Although infrared focal plane array (IRFPA) detectors have been commonly used, non-uniformity correction (NUC) remains an important problem in the infrared imaging realm. Non-uniformity severely degrades image quality and affects radiometric accuracy in infrared imaging applications. Residual non-uniformity (RNU) significantly affects the detection range of infrared surveillance and reconnaissance systems. More effort should be exerted to improve IRFPA uniformity. A novel NUC method that considers the surrounding temperature variation compensation is proposed based on the binary nonlinear non-uniformity theory model. The implementing procedure is described in detail. This approach simultaneously corrects response nonlinearity and compensates for the influence of surrounding temperature shift. Both qualitative evaluation and quantitative test comparison are performed among several correction technologies. The experimental result shows that the residual non-uniformity, which is corrected by the proposed method, is steady at approximately 0.02 percentage points within the target temperature range of 283 K to 373 K. Real-time imaging shows that the proposed method improves image quality better than traditional techniques.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제15권11호
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• pp.6702-6709
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• 2014

본 연구는 3차원 자화강조영상 획득 시 재구성되는 위상영상의 겹쳐진 위상과 현격한 자화율 차이에 의한 영상의 불균일성을, 낮은 주파수 대역폭을 제한하는 High Pass Filter(HPF)를 적용함으로써 개선하고자 하였다. 연구방법은 2013년 11월부터 2014년 3월까지 3차원 자화강조영상 검사를 받은 환자를 대상으로 high pass filter의 적용 전후 영상 간 차이를 확인하기 위하여 기존의 위상영상과 HPF를 적용한 새로운 위상영상의 최대, 최소 신호강도 차이 및 불균일도를 비교 분석하였다. 연구결과, HPF 적용 전후에 따른 최대, 최소 신호강도의 차이는 274.16%(498.98), 불균일도는 439.55%(19.83) 감소하였다. 이는 HPF를 적용하여 낮은 주파수를 차단한 새로운 위상영상이 기존의 위상영상에 비해 겹쳐진 위상신호를 효과적으로 제거하여 영상의 균일도가 높아졌음을 의미한다. 결론적으로 3차원 자화강조영상 획득 시 재구성되는 위상영상에 HPF를 적용하면 겹쳐진 위상과 현격한 자화율 차이에 의한 영상의 불균일성을 효과적으로 개선할 수 있어 영상의 질을 크게 개선할 수 있다.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.261-268
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• 2014

Precision screws have a wide range of industrial applications such as electrical and automotive products. To produce screw threads with high precision, not only high precision manufacturing technology but also reliable measurement technology is required. Machine vision systems have been used in the automatic inspection of screw threads based on backlight illumination, which cannot detect defects on the thread surface. Recently, an omnidirectional inspection system for screw threads was developed to obtain $360^{\circ}$ images of screws, based on front light illumination. In this study, the illumination design for the omnidirectional inspection system was modified by adding a light shield to improve the image uniformity. Optical simulation for various shield designs was performed to analyze image uniformity of the obtained images. The simulation results were analyzed statistically using response surface method, from which optical performance of the omnidirectional inspection system could be optimized in terms of image quality and uniformity.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2005년도 Proceedings of ISRS 2005
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• pp.586-588
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• 2005

The MSC (Multi Spectral Camera) system is a remote sensing payload to obtain high resolution ground image. This system uses lossy image compression method for &Direct mission& that transmit whole image during one contact. But some image degradation occurred especially at high compression ratio. To reduce this degradation, the MSC uses NUC (Non-uniformity Correction) Unit. This unit correct CCD (Charge Coupled Device)'s high-frequency non-uniformity. So high frequency contents of image can be minimized and whole system SNR can be maximized. But NUC has some disadvantage either. It decreases entire system reliability by adding one electronic system. Adding NUC also led to difficulty of electronic design, assembly and testability. In this paper, the comparison is performed between on-orbit non-uniform correction and on ground correction. by evaluating NUC advantage for the point of view of image quality. Using real MSC parameter and proper model, considerable reference point for the system design came to possible.

• 핵의학기술
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.87-92
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• 2015

SPECT에서 Uniformity는 균일한 방사능을 갖는 선원에 대하여 균일한 영상을 제공하는 능력이다. 영상에서 다양한 이유로 불균일이 발생하게 되고, 불균일은 artifacts를 발생시켜 임상적으로 진단하는데 영향을 줄 수 있다. Uniformity correction map은 검사에 사용되는 방사성 동위원소를 이용하여 영상에서 Uniformity의 변동폭을 최소화 시켜주는 역할을 한다. 본원에서 시행되고 있는 $^{201}Tl$을 이용한 심근 SPECT에서는 $^{99m}Tc$으로 기본 설정되어 있는 Uniformity correction map을 사용하고 있으며, 이에 따라 본 연구에서는 $^{201}Tl$과 $^{99m}Tc$ 두 가지 핵종으로 Uniformity correction map을 각각 설정하였을 때 영상의 질에 차이가 있는지 비교 분석하고, 영상의 질을 최적화 할 수 있는 방법에 대하여 모색해 보고자 한다. 장비는 GE Ventri Gamma camera, Flood phantom, Jaszczak ECT phantom을 이용하였다. 실험에 앞서 Collimator를 제거한 상태에서 Detector 표면 중심으로부터 2.5 m 떨어진 지점에 1 cc 주사기에 $^{99m}Tc$ 25.9 Mbq, $^{201}Tl$ 14.8 Mbq의 방사성 동위원소를 주입한 point source를 이용하여 장비사에서 권고하는 $6{\times}10^7count$로 $^{99m}Tc$와 $^{201}Tl$ 각각의 방사성 동위원소로 Uniformity Mapping을 실시하였다. Flood phantom에는 $^{201}Tl$ 21.3 kBq/mL, Jaszczak ECT phantom에는 $^{201}Tl$ 33.4 kBq/mL를 주입하여 phantom을 제작하였다. Flood Phantom으로 획득된 데이터는 Xeleris ver 2.05 프로그램을 이용하여 Integral uniformity, Differential uniformity을 두 가지 항목에 대하여 분석하였다. Jaszczak ECT Phantom으로 획득된 데이터를 본원에서 자체 개발한 Interactive Data Language 프로그램에 입력하여 Integral uniformity, Contrast, Coefficient of variation, Spatial Resolution을 4가지 항목에 대하여 분석하였다. Flood phantom test 에서는 $^{99m}Tc$에서의 Flood I.U값은 3.6%, Flood D.U값은 3.0%으로 나타났고, $^{201}Tl$ Flood I.U값은 3.8%, Flood D.U값은 2.1%으로 나타났다. 이를 통해 $^{201}Tl$으로 Uniformity correction map을 설정하였을 때, Flood I.U값은 감소하였으나 Flood D.U은 향상되어 Flood 영상에서는 크게 영상의 질이 개선되었는지는 알 수 없었다. 반면 Jaszczak ECT Phantom test에서는 $^{99m}Tc$에서의 SPECT I.U값은 13.99%, Coefficient of variation값은 4.89%, contrast값은 0.69, $^{201}Tl$에서의 SPECT I.U값은 11.37%, Coefficient of variation값은 4.79%, contrast값은 0.78로 나타났으며, 육안 분석을 실시한 Spatial Resolution 항목에서는 육안으로 큰 차이를 보이지 않았다. 이를 통해 $^{201}Tl$으로 Uniformity correction map을 설정하였을 때, Spatial Resolution 을 제외한 SPECT I.U, Coefficient of variation, Contrast 세 항목에서 각각 18%, 2%, 13%의 향상된 수치를 보였다는 점에서 영상의 질이 개선되었음을 알 수 있었다. Uniformity correction map이 영상의 질을 크게 좌우할 수 없으나, 개선의 효과를 가져다 준다는 점에서 임상적으로 진단에 영향을 주는지 또한 다른 검사에서 또 다른 방사성 동위원소로 Uniformity correction map을 설정했을 경우 영상의 질을 개선시킬 수 있는지에 관하여 추가적인 연구가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.29-36
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• 2023

To have highly reliable diagnostic performance of it, this study comparatively analyzed spatial resolution of SPECT images and interrelationship depending on the changes of system uniformity of ga㎜a camera through phantom analysis. This study chose 6 kinds of results from quality control (uniformity) of triple head SPECT scanner operated in an university hospital in Seoul for six months. Then, study measured spatial resolutions (FWHM) of the images restructured by injecting radiopharmaceuticals to Jaszczak phantom, and doing SPECT scanning under the same conditions as clinical ones using the analytical program (image J). Quality controls performed by the experimental institution showed that differential uniformity of UFOV ranged from 2.76% to 7.61% (4.46±2.07), and integral uniformity of UFOV ranged from 1.98% to 5.42% (3.01±1.43). Meanwhile, Quantitative analysis evaluations of phantom images depending on the changes of uniformity of SPECT scanner detector showed that as the uniformity values of UFOV and CFOV decreased, FWHM values of phantom images decreased from 8.5 ㎜ to 5.8 ㎜. That is, it was quantitatively identified that the higher uniformity of detector is, the better spatial resolution of images gets (P<0.05). It is very important to perform continuous and consistent quality control of the nuclear medicinal system, and users should be clearly conscious of it.