• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.137-146
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• 2009

This study analyzed hierarchy of image for visual evaluation of flare skirt. This study analyzed expression words about flare skirt with frequency data of image expression words with different length and volume of flare. Stimuli for the study were set to be 4 different volume of flare ($90^{\circ}$, $180^{\circ}$, $270^{\circ}$, $360^{\circ}$) and 3 different length of skirt(48cm, 58cm, 68cm). Stimuli were made by using I-Designer which is Virtual Sewing System. From simulation of flare skirt, the subjects were asked to write down suggested adjective freely and selected 210 adjectives. With this, we chose total 38 adjectives considering frequencies in the pre-study. And we analyzed the combination process of expression words according to construction factor of flare skirt and hierarchy of image from dendrogram which was resulted by hierarchical cluster analysis. 'Feminine' got high score in all 12 flare skirt. When the skirt was short, it was vivid, and as the skirt got longer, ordinary and pure image showed. Also, as the volume of flare got larger, the average of visual effect was higher than visual image. Visual hierarchy construction according to construction factors of flare skirt could be divided into visual image and visual effect, and visual image was shown to be form 'A type - large volume of flare and short skirt length', 'H type-small volume of flare and short skirt length' and 'X type - large volume of flare and long skirt length'.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.21-31
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to analyze the types and meanings of calligraphy presented in modern fashion design. Calligraphy refers to beautiful handwriting or fine penmanship in the West, and handwriting with brushstrokes in the East. The expression patterns being used at present can be divided into three categories. Legible calligraphy is focused on readability more than embellishment. Decorative calligraphy places its importance on decoration at the expense of practicality. The third type, harmonious calligraphy, pursues decorativeness and legibility at the same time. Each of these types of calligraphy is expressed in modern fashion with its own purpose: calligraphy for conveying emotional messages, calligraphy as a special brand image, and calligraphy as an expression of formativeness. The first, calligraphy for conveying emotional messages, is used with characters that are familiar to the public. Calligraphy of this type delivers messages confined emotionally to the conscious world, harmonizing calligraphy with words, or expressing readability filled with purity and delight. Second, calligraphy as a special brand image refers to transmitting a distinctive brand image from other companies through employment of a design motive or pattern by expressing the brand logos or names of designers. Third, calligraphy as a expression of formativeness has the function of shaping expressions as motives or patterns, avoiding meanings of words or phrases. It can be represented by the abbreviation or modification of words, or arranging words in different shapes, harmonizing the words with the clothing construction and atmosphere of the other images.

• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.101-118
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• 2014

Given the context of rapid developing ubiquitous computing environment, it is imperative for users to search and use images based on affective meanings. However, it has been difficult to index affective meanings of image since emotions of image are substantially subjective and highly abstract. In addition, utilizing low level features of image for indexing affective meanings of image has been limited for high level concepts of image. To facilitate the access points of affective meanings of image, this study aims to utilize user-provided responses of images. For a data set, emotional words are collected and cleaned from twenty participants with a set of fifteen images, three images for each of basic emotions, love, sad, fear, anger, and happy. A total of 399 unique emotion words are revealed and 1,093 times appeared in this data set. Through co-word analysis and network analysis of emotional words from users' responses, this study demonstrates expanded word sets for five basic emotions. The expanded word sets are characterized with adjective expression and action/behavior expression.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.111-118
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to focus on living rooms that are preferred as a place for changing space image to the maximum and to find a method how finishing materials are expressed by selecting space with mix & match of many images. The study methods are as follows. First, understand the expressive trend of space images through the precedent studies and magazines, and examine its relationship with finishing materials. Second, select space images based on the contents understood earlier and extract adjective words that represent each space image through an expert survey. Third, find the cases where space images are expressed based on the extracted words and analyze expression methods of finishing materials. The results of the study are as follows. First, it was confirmed that recent space images are actively expressed through finishing materials. Second, space images selected through data related to the trend were classified as modern+natural, modern+traditional, modern+retro, classic+natural, classic+humor, and futurism+natural and 4 adjective words for each space image were extracted. Third, expressive elements of finishing materials were extracted as 'material'. 'texture', 'color', and 'pattern' through the precedent studies. Fourth, expressive methods of finishing materials for each space image could be suggested by analyzing the examples that show mix & match based on the contents extracted earlier. Lastly, it is expected to find various methods that lead space image into finishing materials by evaluating responses and changes in visual perception of residents according to expression of finishing materials based on this study.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.125-134
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to analyze the formative characteristics of power-shoulder jacket shown in 08/09 F/W and 09/10 F/W London, Paris, Milan, New York collection and extract main expression words for development of semantic differential scales of visual image according to the change in shoulder angle and width of power-shoulder jacket. The result of this study is as follows. Power-shoulder jacket which were worn by 1980 business women have similar cutting with men's suit jacket, but have characteristics of exaggerating the body figure as exaggerated shoulder with pad and tight waist like an inverted triangle silhouette. Power-shoulder jackets shown in collections used glossy and glittering material and dark colors and formed slim silhouette with matches of shoulder line of temperate senses and casual wear. Like this, the power-shoulder jacket was expanded to daily casual wear from traditional formal wear. Main expression words of visual image of jackets according to the changes in angle and width of shoulder differ greatly depending on the expansion degree of angle and width of shoulder. Changes in shoulder angle may look tense, stiff and too much according to the amount of changes. However, it also has the image of sharp but dignified and charismatic. Also, it helps to show body figure more efficiently like being slim and looking taller. Related to the current trend emphasizing shoulder among women, it is evaluated to be stylish and trendy. When the expansion degree is not too much, changes in shoulder width partly show slim and slender waist under the influence of wider shoulder with basic tailored jacket image. However, when the expansion degree is enlarged, image related to the body figure is more definite compared to other visual images.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.255-273
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• 2019

Perceptions of beauty change and are shared with others in the media of emotional words. In the modern age, a mix of traditional and modern make-up cultures has changed the standards of beauty. Therefore, an analysis using emotional words (an image that consumers have for certain subjects) and an image scale that intuitively shows them can be an important means for understanding changes in the "beauty of the time". This paper considered changes in typical aesthetic characteristics that women pursued through make-up by analyzing emotional words in white make-up powder advertisement texts from the 1920s through the 1930s. Imported modern technologies changed cosmetic manufacturing techniques and advertising methods to create a momentum that changed women's make-up culture from light to heavy make-up or from white to color make-up. Such changes have led to changes in the perception of beauty and were expressed through sensitive vocabularies such as pure, new, fresh, lofty, lively, healthy, and cheery. Such changes reflect social aspects such as women's aspirations for high status, pursuit of security, or women's roles under the wartime regime to show a change from beauty with an attribute of [+cool] to that of [+soft].

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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• 2000.04a
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• pp.126-132
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• 2000

This paper presents a facial expression recognition based on Gabor wavelets that uses a fuzzy C-means(FCM) clustering algorithm and neural network. Features of facial expressions are extracted to two steps. In the first step, Gabor wavelet representation can provide edges extraction of major face components using the average value of the image's 2-D Gabor wavelet coefficient histogram. In the next step, we extract sparse features of facial expressions from the extracted edge information using FCM clustering algorithm. The result of facial expression recognition is compared with dimensional values of internal stated derived from semantic ratings of words related to emotion. The dimensional model can recognize not only six facial expressions related to Ekman's basic emotions, but also expressions of various internal states.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.52 no.8
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• pp.55-71
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to identify a basic meaning of humor from the costume expressing cartoon image, to grasp the status of contemporary costume, and also to supply people with a database related to the sphere of costume design. This was done by analyzing and examining humor of the costume expressing cartoon image in post-industrial society. Consequently, the result of this study was summarized as follows; First, humor by parody of Pop Art is recognized as humorous expression that repulsed the main current culture and post-industrial society phenomenon. Second, humor by quotation tends to appear through cartoon character. Costume which quote cartoon character is against Kidult tastes and the pre-existing authoritative prejudices in post-industrial society. Third, humor by bricolage, making bricolage with silhouette, color, pattern item, is recognized as new creation of humor In other words, it is regarded as enlargement of new esthetic consciousness and humor about instrumented gender in post-industrial society. Lastly, humor by deformation expressed itself in deformation of body image of character and cloth silhouette by cartoon image. Deformation of cloth silhouette by cartoon image, being not conscious pre-existing concept of harmony of human and costume, is recognized as humor which have characteristic of play with introduction of new silhouette. In addition to, the result of this study showed that humor expressed in cartoon image of costume has been limited to the works of few designers because of characteristics of fashion designers who made use of popularity as subjects of the works and internal meanings which were related to the characteristics of post-industrial society.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.601-608
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• 2007

2 Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis(2DGE) is an essentialmethodology for analysis on the expression of various proteins. For example, information for the location, mass, expression, size and shape of the proteins obtained by 2DGE can be used for diagnosis, prognosis and biological progress by comparison of patients with the normal persons. Protein spot matching for this purpose is comparative analysis of protein expression pattern for the 2DGE images generated under different conditions. However, visual analysis of protein spots which are more than several hundreds included in a 2DGE image requires long time and heavy effort. Furthermore, geometrical distortion makes the spot matching for the same protein harder. In this paper, an iterative algorithm is introduced for more efficient spot matching. Proposed method is first performing global matching step, which reduces the geometrical difference between the landmarks and the spot to be matched. Thus, movement for a spot is defined by a weighted sum of the movement of the landmark spots. Weight for the summation is defined by the inverse of the distance from the spots to the landmarks. This movement is iteratively performed until the total sum of the difference between the corresponding landmarks is larger than a pre-selected value. Due to local distortion generally occurred in 2DGE images, there are many regions in whichmany spot pairs are miss-matched. In the second stage, the same spot matching algorithm is applied to such local regions with the additional landmarks for those regions. In other words, the same method is applied with the expanded landmark set to which additional landmarks are added. Our proposed algorithm for spot matching empirically proved reliable analysis of protein separation image by producing higher accuracy.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.112-120
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• 2010

Generally, Interior design understood as shapes, lines, spaces, tones, quality, and principal. And people research these with a study of formative approach. The six elements of above categories are basis of expansion for the various designs. In this study, the represented design language is extracted by the basic 6 stages and re-divided into classes. This study presented by the Kobayashi-scale image of the current trends in the assignment to examine the cultural, functional, sensory vocabulary, three elements were classified by the assignment about 2008~2009 international fair by trend and design direction for the image. If we look into the categorized format of the design, it reflects mixed culture with emotional approach and shows direction of design constantly. Especially, compared to the year 2008, the design of year 2009 has tendency as an emotional translator regarding the verbal expression. In other words, it becomes more concrete to express the design of emotions for human beings. In addition, design shows detail of its flow with outcomes of past leading trend which was re-created shape. On the other hand, undeveloped cultures such as folk, historical, and unique cultures attract design leaders as it is. This research would make good relationship between designers and customers regarding the newly started international trend of design. Hereby I research with the method to reclassify the image of vocabulary from the image scale extract. It remains as a task to resolve ambiguous, complex and neutral expression for better understanding and definite analysis method to the public.