• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.18 no.8
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• pp.2082-2102
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• 2024

Accurate segmentation of magnetic resonance (MR) images is crucial for providing doctors with effective quantitative information for diagnosis. However, the presence of weak boundaries, intensity inhomogeneity, and noise in the images poses challenges for segmentation models to achieve optimal results. While deep learning models can offer relatively accurate results, the scarcity of labeled medical imaging data increases the risk of overfitting. To tackle this issue, this paper proposes a novel fuzzy c-means (FCM) model that integrates a deep learning approach. To address the limited accuracy of traditional FCM models, which employ Euclidean distance as a distance measure, we introduce a measurement function based on the skewed normal distribution. This function enables us to capture more precise information about the distribution of the image. Additionally, we construct a regularization term based on the Kullback-Leibler (KL) divergence of high-confidence deep learning results. This regularization term helps enhance the final segmentation accuracy of the model. Moreover, we incorporate orthogonal basis functions to estimate the bias field and integrate it into the improved FCM method. This integration allows our method to simultaneously segment the image and estimate the bias field. The experimental results on both simulated and real brain MR images demonstrate the robustness of our method, highlighting its superiority over other advanced segmentation algorithms.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.555-561
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• 2008

Purpose: The goal of this study was to develop a technique for creating a computerized composite maxillofacial-dental model, based on point-based surface best fit algorithm and to test its accuracy. The computerized composite maxillofacial-dental model was made by the three dimensional combination of a 3-dimensional (3D) computed tomography (CT) bone model with digital dental model. Materials and Methods: This integration procedure mainly consists of following steps : 1) a reconstruction of a virtual skull and digital dental model from CT and laser scanned dental model ; 2) an incorporation of dental model into virtual maxillofacial-dental model by point-based surface best fit algorithm; 3) an assessment of the accuracy of incorporation. To test this system, CTs and dental models from 3 volunteers with cranio-maxillofacial deformities were obtained. And the registration accuracy was determined by the root mean squared distance between the corresponding reference points in a set of 2 images. Results and Conclusions: Fusion error for the maxillofacial 3D CT model with the digital dental model ranged between 0.1 and 0.3 mm with mean of 0.2 mm. The range of errors were similar to those reported elsewhere with the fiducial markers. So this study confirmed the feasibility and accuracy of combining digital dental model and 3D CT maxillofacial model. And this technique seemed to be easier for us that its clinical applicability can good in the field of digital cranio-maxillofacial surgery.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.469-486
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• 2018

We propose an enhanced version of the local binary pattern (LBP) operator for texture extraction in images in the context of image retrieval. The novelty of our proposal is based on the observation that the LBP exploits only the lowest kind of local information through the global histogram. However, such global Histograms reflect only the statistical distribution of the various LBP codes in the image. The block based LBP, which uses local histograms of the LBP, was one of few tentative to catch higher level textural information. We believe that important local and useful information in between the two levels is just ignored by the two schemas. The newly developed method: gradual locality integration of binary patterns (GLIBP) is a novel attempt to catch as much local information as possible, in a gradual fashion. Indeed, GLIBP aggregates the texture features present in grayscale images extracted by LBP through a complex structure. The used framework is comprised of a multitude of ellipse-shaped regions that are arranged in circular-concentric forms of increasing size. The framework of ellipses is in fact derived from a simple parameterized generator. In addition, the elliptic forms allow targeting texture directionality, which is a very useful property in texture characterization. In addition, the general framework of ellipses allows for taking into account the spatial information (specifically rotation). The effectiveness of GLIBP was investigated on the Corel-1K (Wang) dataset. It was also compared to published works including the very effective DLEP. Results show significant higher or comparable performance of GLIBP with regard to the other methods, which qualifies it as a good tool for scene images retrieval.

• Journal of the Korean Graphic Arts Communication Society
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.29-44
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• 2007

The printing industry is getting more digitalized and integration. It has enabled the interactive information and networking from Pre-Press, Press, to the Post-Press. These are efficient management and the improved process and productivity are getting more important. Such trends improved in the functionality and automation. This paper tries to find out how technology for CIP3/4 -based process may be applied and resolved. Such subject includes the domestic and international cases regarding each manufacturer's CIP3/4 technology types. Another purpose is to emphasize on the needs to establish the environment. Under this environment, it is possible to integrate network in exchangeable form through JDF standard format after CIP3/4. Based on the data from this study, it is expected to collect further substantial data which is related to the domestic printing company's CIP 4 operation. It will be also possible to perform subsequent studies on the proper variables of the market segment. CIP4 stands for "International Cooperation for Integration of Prepress, Press and Post-press, it is an association of around forty international companies, mostly manufacturers of prepress, press and post-press, as well as suppliers and users. In this paper, we studied on the acting application of CIP4 work flow.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.417-428
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• 2017

In this paper, we describe the architectural design, unit component hardware design and core software design(Helmet Pose Tracking Software and Terrain Elevation Data Correction Software) of IHDS(Intelligent Helmet Display System), and describe the results of unit test and integration test. According to the trend of the latest helmet display system, the specifications which includes 3D map display, FLIR(Forward Looking Infra-Red) display, hybrid helmet pose tracking, visor reflection type of binocular optical system, NVC(Night Vision Camera) display, lightweight composite helmet shell were applied to the design. Especially, we proposed unique design concepts such as the automatic correction of altitude error of 3D map data, high precision image registration, multi-color lighting optical system, transmissive image emitting surface using diffraction optical element, tracking camera minimizing latency time of helmet pose estimation and air pockets for helmet fixation on head. After completing the prototype of all system components, unit tests and system integration tests were performed to verify the functions and performance.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.531-537
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• 2010

Real-time Aerial Monitoring System performs the rapid mapping in an emergency situation so that the geoinformation could be constructed in near real time. In this system, the position and attitude information from GPS/INS integration algorithm is used to perform the aerial triangulation(AT) without GCPs. Therefore, if we obtain Exterior Orientation(EO) estimates from AT sequentially, EO are used as the measurements in the Kalman filter. In this study, we simulate the GPS/IMS/Image data for an UAV-based aerial monitoring system and compare the GPS/INS/AT with and without from AT. Comparative analysis showed that result from the GPS/INS/AT with EO update is more accurate than without the update. However, when the vehicle turns, the position error significantly increases which need more analysis in the future.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.11 no.12
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• pp.2241-2248
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• 2007

This paper proposes the web-based virtual collaboration among experts. The proposed system supports the presentation tool using Synchronous Multimedia Integration Language(SMIL) which is the easy and efficient way of adding multimedia to presentations. The presentation gives essential information to the participants before actual discuss. The participants use texts in discussing over the presented medical image. The spatial elements such as point or line, and some type of marker with their relative participants' comments can be set or removed dynamically to represent areas of interest in digital images. XML files are used for recording experts' opinions as well as the spatial elements that are associated with digital images during the discussion and stored for future reference. The participants can also set and reset a polygon in the image to select the interested area and refer to the stored relating information.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.431-436
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to develop an integration protocol of Nuclear Medicine image with a commercial PACS. Two independent local networks. PACS network and Nuclear Medicine network, were connected using a Nuclear Medicine DICOM gateway A DICOM converter Program was developed to convert Interfile 3.3. which is used in nuclear medicine scanners in our hospital. to DICOM 3.0. The Program converts Interfile format images to those of DICOM format and also transfers converted DICOM files to PACS DICOM gateway. PACS DICOM gateway compares and matches the DICOM image information with patient information in Hospital Information System and then saves to PACS database. The transfer protocol was designed to be able to transfer Interfile. screen dumped file. and also scanned file. We successfully transferred Nuclear Medicine images to PACS. Images transferred by Interfile transfer protocol could be further processed using various tools in PACS. The graphs, numerical information and comments could be conveniently transferred by screen dumped file. The image in a hard copy can be transferred after scanning using an ordinary scanner. The developed protocol can easily transfer Nuclear Medicine images to PACS in various forms with low cost.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2007

This paper proposes a new indexing mechanism for MPEG-7 visual descriptors, especially Dominant Color and Contour Shape descriptors, that guarantees an efficient similarity search for the multimedia database whose visual meta-data are represented with MPEG-7. Since the similarity metric used in the Dominant Color descriptor is based on Gaussian mixture model, the descriptor itself could be transform into a color histogram in which the distribution of the color values follows the Gauss distribution. Then, the transformed Dominant Color descriptor (i.e., the color histogram) is indexed in the proposed indexing mechanism. For the indexing of Contour Shape descriptor, we have used a two-pass algorithm. That is, in the first pass, since the similarity of two shapes could be roughly measured with the global parameters such as eccentricity and circularity used in Contour shape descriptor, the dissimilar image objects could be excluded with these global parameters first. Then, the similarities between the query and remaining image objects are measured with the peak parameters of Contour Shape descriptor. This two-pass approach helps to reduce the computational resources to measure the similarity of image objects using Contour Shape descriptor. This paper also proposes two integration schemes of visual descriptors for an efficient retrieval of multimedia database. The one is to use the weight of descriptor as a yardstick to determine the number of selected similar image objects with respect to that descriptor, and the other is to use the weight as the degree of importance of the descriptor in the global similarity measurement. Experimental results show that the proposed indexing and integration schemes produce a remarkable speed-up comparing to the exact similarity search, although there are some losses in the accuracy because of the approximated computation in indexing. The proposed schemes could be used to build a multimedia database represented in MPEG-7 that guarantees an efficient retrieval.

• Archives of design research
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.309-318
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• 2002

An expression of image in visual communication design traditionally has a dose relationship with the mechanical part of several expression media. Especially, an image conversion becomes easter by converging various forms of image such as a pictorial expression, a drawing up a plan, an optical expression and a reflected image into digital data in the image expression using digital mode. In addition, synthesis between various forms of visual ,images is activated by the integration of all expression media into digital mode and thus the extent of the image expression becomes diversified. Moreover, there is a tendency that a various dimensional expression such as 3D and 4D is generalized in the image expression of digital design. A partial or whole image conversion has often occurred during the generalization process of several image forms. Such conversion summarized into two factors, a formative side and a technical side. We described the existing pictorial expression as a formative side, an optical expression as a photography, a materialization of image conversion theory of computer graphic image conversion according to data form as a technical side and specific content according to dimension. We summarized objective and demonstrative resets through a simple simulation using a computer for the contents required a technical and qualitative measure and presented an application program of the particular results from the study to the visual communication design work by a case.