• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.51 no.11
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• pp.1191-1197
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• 2008

Purpose : Previously, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection was diagnosed by serological examination; currently, many EBV antigen detection methods have been developed and applied clinically for diagnosing EBV infection. To delineate the clinical characteristics of EBV infection, clinical and laboratory findings were evaluated for patients who tested positive in EBV polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Methods : EBV PCR was conducted in 352 patients admitted to the pediatric ward from January 2004 to December 2006, with more than 2 clinical signs such as fever (${\geq}37.5^{\circ}C$), exudative throat infection, lymphadenopathy, hepatitis of unknown etiology, and splenomegaly. The EBV viral gene was detected by PCR in 115 patients (32%), and the clinical characteristics of these patients were evaluated. Laboratory findings such as leukocytosis, thrombocytopenia, atypical lymphocyte, and alteration in aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels in peripheral blood were examined. The EBV-specific immunoglobulin M antibody (EBV-IgM Ab) was also tested. Results : Most of the children were younger than 8 years (89%), and the male to female ratio was 1.3:1. Exudative throat infection and fever (${\geq}37.5^{\circ}C$) were observed in all patients. Cervical lymph node enlargement was seen in 36 patients (31 %); leukocytosis ($WBC{\geq}10,000/mm^3$), in 54 patients (47%); and atypical lymphocyte (${\geq}20%$), in 28 patients (24%). EBV-IgM Ab was positive in 33 patients (29%). The younger patients had higher ALT levels and higher incidence of positive EBV-IgM Ab than the older patients. Conclusion : The cumulative number of patients diagnosed to have EBV infection by PCR increased markedly for those under 8 years. ALT was higher and EBV-IgM Ab was detected more in younger patients with EBV infection.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.211-220
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• 2000

Shini-San has been used for treatment of allergic disease in Korea. However, its effect in experimental models remains unknown. The mast cell plays a pivotal role in initiating al1ergic response by secreting intracytoplasmic granular mediators such as histamine. The present report describes an inhibitory effect of Shini-San on mast cell-mediated immediate-type al1ergic reactions. Topical application of compound 48/80 can induce an ear swelling response in normal ($WBB6F_1-+/+$) mice but not in congenic mast cell-deficient $WBB6F_1-W/W^v$ mice. Shini-San inhibited concentration dependent mast cell-dependent ear swelling response induced by compound 48/80 in normal mice. Shini-San inhibited concentration-dependent passive cutaneous anaphylaxis induced by anti-dinitrophenyl (DNP) immunoglobulin E (IgE) in rats by topical application. Shini-San also inhibited in concentration-dependent fashion the histamine release from the rat peritoneal mast cells by compound 48/80 or anti-DNP IgE. Moreover, Shini-San had a significant inhibitory effect on compound 48/80-induced systemic anaphylactic reaction. These results indicate that Shini-San inhibits immediate-type allergic reactions by inhibition of mast cell degranulation in vivo and in vitro.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.33 no.11
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• pp.3665-3670
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• 2012

Metal-p-$NH_2$-Bn-DOTA (paraammionobenzyl-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid: ABDOTA) complex was synthesized and purified for bio-tagging to quantify biological target materials using laser ablation (LA)-ICP-MS. Since the preparation of a pure and stable tagging complex is the key procedure for quantification, magnetic particles were used to purify the synthesized metal-ABDOTA complex. The magnetic particles immobilized with the complex attracted to a permanent magnet, resulting in fast separation from free un-reacted metal ions in solution. Gd ions formed the metal-complex with a higher yield of 64.3% (${\pm}3.9%$ relative standard deviation (RSD)) than Y ions, 52.3% (${\pm}2.5%$ RSD), in the pH range 4-7. The complex bound to the magnetic particles was released by treatment with a strong base, of which the recovery was 81.7%. As a reference, a solid phase extraction (SPE) column packed with Chelex-100 resin was employed for separation under similar conditions and produced comparable results. The tagging technique complemented polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microarray chip sampling in LA-ICP-MS, allowing determination of small sample volumes at high throughputs. For application, immunoglobulin G (IgG) was immobilized on the pillars of PDMS microarray chips and then tagged with the prepared Gd complex. IgG could then be determined through measurement of Gd by LA-ICP-MS. A detection limit of 1.61 ng/mL (${\pm}0.75%$ RSD) for Gd was obtained.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.119-125
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• 1999

The concentration of serum proteins, lipoproteins, leukocytes and lymphocytes in bursectomy and thymectomy Ogol chickens were examined from 5 days to 150 days of age. Concentration of serum proteins and lipoproteins were measured by cellulose acetate electrophoresis. The results summarized as follows : 1. The gamma-globulin concentrations in growing Korean native chickens and Ogol chickens were increased 0.41$\pm$0.01~0.85$\pm$0.05 mg/㎗ and 0.50$\pm$0.01~0.98$\pm$0.08 mg/㎗ from 1 day after to 5 days of age and gradually decreased at 10 days of age, and thereafter increased 0.82$\pm$0.06 mg/㎗, 1.09$\pm$0.04 mg/㎗ at 100 days of age. 2. The serum apha-, beta-, gamma-lipoprotein concentrations of growing Ogol chickens were 74.1$\pm$6.8~240.2$\pm$9.7 mg/㎗, 89.7 5.7~225.8$\pm$11.3 mg/㎗ and 87.6$\pm$4.7-220.3$\pm$10 mg/㎗, respectively. The serum -lipoprotein concentrations from 5 days to 150 days of age Ogol chickens were significantly decreased. 3. The leukocyte and lymphocyte counts in bursectomy and thymectomy Ogol chickens slightly increased from 10 to 100 days of age. However the leukocyte and lymphocyte counts in thymectomy chickens were lower than in untreated chickens. 4. The Ig concentrations of 1 day to 50 days(0.30$\pm$0.03~0.58$\pm$0.04 g/㎗) in bursectomy chickens were similar to those found in untreated chickens and thereafer increased from 50 to 150 days of age(0.58$\pm$0.04~1.21$\pm$0.05 g/㎗). The Ig concentrations in thymectomy chickens increased significantly.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.63 no.7
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• pp.265-271
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• 2020

Background: Pneumococcal diseases among children aged <5 years worldwide are associated with high annual mortality rates. Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the immunogenicity and safety of GBP411, a 12-valent pneumococcal conjugant vaccine, with a dosing schedule of 2 primary doses plus 1 booster dose (2p+1) in healthy infants. Methods: This randomized active-controlled (Prevnar 13) double-blind phase 2 trial enrolled healthy subjects aged 6-10 weeks. Three serum concentrations of pneumococcal serotype-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) were evaluated using the pneumococcal serotype-specific pneumonia polysaccharide enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay at 1 month after the primary doses and before and 1 month after the booster dose. The pneumococcal serotype-specific IgG titer was evaluated using a multiplex opsonophagocytic assay in a subset of 15 subjects per group. Results: After administration of the primary doses, the proportion of subjects who achieved pneumococcal serotype-specific IgG concentrations of >0.35 ㎍/mL was lower for some serotypes in the GBP411 group than in the comparator group (6B: 20.83% vs. 39.22%, P=0.047 and 19A: 58.33% vs. 90.20%, P<0.001). However, after administration of the booster dose, >97% of the subjects in each group achieved IgG concentrations of ≥0.35 ㎍/mL for all 12 serotypes. Increased immunogenicity was observed for some serotypes that showed significant intergroup differences after administration of the primary doses but not after the booster dose. We also found no significant intergroup difference in the overall incidence of solicited local adverse events. Furthermore, the overall incidence of solicited systemic adverse events was significantly lower in the GBP411 group than in the comparator vaccine group (79.59% vs. 98.04%; P=0.003). Conclusion: The GBP411 vaccine with a dosing schedule of 2p+1 may be immunogenic and safe for healthy infants.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.223-228
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to find out the effect of He-Ne, IR laser therapy for 4 and 10 minutes on healing of septic arthritis. Sprague-Bawley rats (212.1$\pm$10 g) were randomly assigned to one control and three arthritis groups. Septic arthritis groups were divided into arthritis control, 4 or 10 minute laser therapy groups. Arthritis was experimentally induced by intraperitoneally administration of staphylococcus aureus in citrate buffer(pH 4.3). These result were obtained as follows: AST, LDH, ALP, CK activities and IgG concentration in 10 minute laser group were signifantly increased compare with those in the arthritis group. AST, LDH and CK activities in 4 minute laser group were significantly decreased compare with those in the arthritis group. We think that laser therapy in 4 minute may effective on the healing of septic arthritis. And we will have to study of the effect of laser therapy on healing mechanism, appropriate time of septic arthritis.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.52 no.9
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• pp.1053-1058
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• 2009

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is one of the most commonly encountered viral pathogens in newborn infants and is found in 0.3-2.4% of all live births. It has been demonstrated that 40-96% of seropositive mothers shed the virus via their breast milk. Breast milk containing CMV can cause almost one-third of CMV infections occurring in infants. A case of postnatal CMV infection in an extremely premature infant (gestational age $24^{+5}$ weeks, birth weight 750 g) transmitted via breast milk is presented. For neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) management of severe thrombocytopenia, anemia, and sepsis syndrome, the infant received repeated transfusions of platelets; intravenous (IV) immunoglobulins; and gamma- irradiated, filtrated packed red cells and was fed her mother's breast milk since the second week of life. CMV infection was diagnosed with positive CMV immunoglobulin M (IgM) and positive urine CMV culture at the second month of life. Considering the negative CMV IgM and urine CMV culture at birth, postnatally-acquired CMV infection was suspected and confirmed with completely identical nucleotide sequence alignments of the infantile blood isolate and the maternal breast milk isolate. To our knowledge, this is the first case of proven postnatal CMV infection transmitted via breast milk in an extremely premature infant in Korea.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.87-92
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• 1999

Drug delivery to the brain may be achieved by producing chimeric peptide, attaching the drug to protein 'vectors' which are transported into the brain from the blood by a receptor-mediated transcytosis through the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Since the BBB expresses high concentrations of transferrin receptor, and it was reported that anti-transferrin receptor mouse monoclonal antibody (OX26) undergoes transcytosis through the BBB, it is logical to assume that a drug delivery system via transferrin receptor-mediated transcytosis is a promising strategy. In the present study, therefore, we tested feasibility of several OX26 based vectors for the brain delivery of a model drug. Avidin-based delivery vectors such as OX26-streptavidin (OX26-SA), OX26-neutralite avidin (OX26-NLA) were chemically synthesized vectors and OX26 immunoglobulin G 3 type $C_{H}3$ fusion avidin $(OX26\;IgG3C_H3-AV)$ was genetically engineered. To improve the efficiency of producing chimeric peptide, we used avidin-biotin technology. Pharmacokinetics of $[^3H]biotin$ bound to OX26-SA, OX26-NLA and $OX26\;IgG3C_H3-AV$ was determined by intravenous injection technique, and their stabilities in plasma were analyzed using HPLC. The brain delivery of $[^3H]biotin$ bound to OX26-SA, OX26-NLA and OX26\;$IgG3C_{H}3-AV$ (expressed as %ID/g brain) was $0.22{\pm}0.01$, $0.18{\pm}0.01$ and $0.25{\pm}0.09$, respectively. The areas under the plasma concentration versus time curve (AUC) for OX26-SA, OX26-NLA, $OX26\;IgG3C_H3-AV$ from time zero to 60 min were $209{\pm}10$, $195{\pm}9$, $134{\pm}29\;%ID\;min/ml$ respectively and their total clearances $(CL_{tot})$ were $1.00{\pm}0.09$, $1.08{\pm}0.07$ and $1.54{\pm}0.29\;ml/min/kg$, espectively. These results showed that these vectors possess preferable pharmaceutical (e.g., resonable stability) and pharmacokinetics (e.g., significant brain uptake and enhanced AUC) for brain delivery. Therefore, these vectors may be broadly useful in the brain delivery of drugs that are not transported into the brain to a significant extent.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.265-269
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• 2011

Inhibitory effect of useful components from Cheongmoknosang mulberry leaves extracts against Helicobacter pylori were investigated to develope them to a health functional food. It was confirmed that H. pylori bacterial infection occurred after 6 weeks over in C57BL/6 mouse which was caused the infection, and the average number of pathogens was $8{\times}10^5$ CFU/mL. Effects of the prevention and cure against H. pylori were tested by the mouth administration with Cheongmoknosang mulberry leaves extracts include the active ingredient, and number of H. pylori colony in stomach of drug groups were decreased more than control group. The result of testing immuno-glogulin isotype from the separated serum from a mouse, IgG1, IgA produced more in administered group, and it is expected to inhibit the H. pylori infection because of increasing antibody production in the mixture. These results suggest that caffeic acid, rosemarinic acid and chlorogenic acid in Cheongmoknosang mulberry leaves extracts are very effective to prevent or cure against H. pylori infection. So the ratio of infection is increasing and it is regarded to be able to prevent and cure the disease like gastritis, gastric ulcer and gastric cancer which are caused by H. pylori.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.60
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• pp.253-282
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• 2019

College students majoring in bodyguards learn and acquire bodyguard martial arts to protect the life and property of the subjects. Also, the bodyguard martial arts are helping to improve and maintain the body and spirit of the bodyguards. However, more and more students majoring in security at universities are becoming obese due to lack of time to participate in bodyguard training and excessive food intake, which could have a negative impact on their future security work as well as their health condition. In this study, the effect of 10 weeks of Judo training on body composition, blood lipid and immune function on Security Majoring obese male college students was determined to be as follows. 1. Weight(p<.05), ; body fat ratio(p<.05), BMI(p<.01) etc. of body composition after Judo training were significantly reduced, and in the case of BMI(F=4.488, p<05), there were significant differences in interaction between groups and timing. 2. After judo training, TC (p<.05) and LDL-C(p<.01) of the blood lipid showed a significant decrease. 3. After judo training, lymphocytes of leukocytes were shown to increase significantly(p<.05), lymphocytes(F=11.772, p<.01) showed significant differences among groups. 4. After judo training, IgA and IgG of immunoglobulin were shown to increase significantly (p<.05), IgA(F=7.646, p<.05) and IgG (F=14.267, p<.01) showed significant differences among groups. Considering the above results, it is thought that judo training can prevent obesity due to reduced body fat and reduce neutral fat and cholesterol, thus preventing arteriosclerotic diseases. In addition, it is expected to play a positive role in defense against human bacterial infections, inflammatory reactions, and external antigen in immune function. It is thought that this will not only prevent the bodyguards' obesity but also maintain a healthy life and improve the security work efficiency. However, some studies have shown results that are somewhat different from the results of this study, so studies on blood lipids, immune function, and exercise will require more detailed research on various methods of exercise, such as exercise time and intensity.